A1 — 4-dars: Shaxs olmoshlari (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 4-dars

1. Dars nomi va maqsad

Har bir ingliz gapi kim yoki nima haqida ekanini bildiruvchi so'z bilan boshlanadi — bu shaxs olmoshlari (subject pronouns). Bu darsda 7 ta asosiy olmoshni o'rganasiz: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. Bu — "to be" (5-dars) va butun ingliz grammatikasining poydevori: olmoshni bilmasdan gap qura olmaysiz.

Bu dars oxirida siz har bir olmoshni qachon ishlatishni va o'zbekcha bilan farqini aniq bilasiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 3-dars: salomlashish, How are you? — I'm fine, thanks. And you?, What's your name?
• Tez mashq: o'zingizni tanishtiring: Hi! My name is ... Nice to meet you!

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. 7 ta shaxs olmoshi

    BIRLIK              KO'PLIK
1.  I (men)             we (biz)
2.  you (siz/sen)       you (sizlar)
3.  he/she/it (u)       they (ular)

3.2. Eng muhim farqlar (o'zbekcha bilan)

1) "I" har doim KATTA harf — gap o'rtasida ham: My friend and I are students. Bu — ingliz tilining qat'iy qoidasi.

2) "you" — "siz" ham, "sen" ham uchun bir xil. O'zbekchada nutq odobiga qarab ikki shakl bor: "siz" (rasmiy, hurmat) va "sen" (norasmiy, yaqin muomala). Ingliz tilida bu farq yo'q — har doim you. Shu darsdan boshlab bu kursda you ni izchil "siz" (rasmiy) deb tarjima qilamiz; norasmiy vaziyatda esa u "sen" ma'nosini ham beradi. Bir kishiga ham, ko'p kishiga ham bir xil you.

You are my friend.    — Siz mening do'stimsiz.   (norasmiy: Sen mening do'stimsan.)
You are students.     — Sizlar talabasiz.

Eslatma: o'zbekcha "siz" va "sen" ni farqlash uchun ingliz tili sizga alohida so'z bermaydi — mavzu (rasmiy majlismi yoki do'stlar davrasimi) va tovush ohangidan bilinadi. Rasmiy kurs sifatida biz doim "siz" ni tanlaymiz.

3) "he / she / it" — jins farqi (o'zbekchada yo'q!). O'zbekchada "u" hamma narsa uchun bir xil. Inglizchada:

• he — erkak kishi (Ali, my father, the man),
• she — ayol kishi (Madina, my mother, the woman),
• it — narsa, hayvon, tushuncha (the cat, the book, the weather).

Ali is a doctor.  He is a doctor.       (Ali  he)
Madina is a teacher.  She is a teacher. (Madina  she)
The cat is black.  It is black.         (cat  it)

4) "they" — kishi ham, narsa ham (ko'plik). O'zbekchada "ular" — bu yerda mos.

Ali and Bek  they      (odamlar)
the books  they        (narsalar)

DIQQAT — eng keng o'zbek xatosi: o'zbekchada "u" bitta bo'lgani uchun, o'zbeklar erkak/ayolni it deyishadi ( Ali? It is a doctor) yoki he/she ni adashtirishadi. Odam — he/she, narsa — it. Hayvonni odatda it (lekin uy hayvonini he/she ham deyish mumkin).

3.3. "it" — alohida diqqat: ob-havo, vaqt, masofa

"it" faqat "narsa" degani emas. Ingliz tilida gap egasiz bo'lolmaydi — har bir gapga ega (kim/nima) shart. Shuning uchun ob-havo, vaqt yoki masofa haqida gapirganda hech qanday aniq narsa bo'lmasa ham, o'rniga bo'sh it qo'yiladi. O'zbekchada bu it umuman tarjima qilinmaydi.

It is cold today.     — Bugun sovuq.        (nima sovuq? — hech nima, shunchaki "it")
It is hot.            — Issiq.
It is raining.        — Yomg'ir yog'yapti.
It is Monday.         — Bugun dushanba.
It is 3 o'clock.      — Soat uchda / Soat uch bo'ldi.
It is far.            — Uzoq.

Nega "it" kerak? O'zbekcha "Sovuq" deb bitta so'z bilan gap tuzish mumkin, ingliz tilida esa mumkin emas — "Is cold" noto'g'ri, chunki egasi yo'q. Shu bo'sh joyni it to'ldiradi. Buni yodda tuting: ob-havo/vaqt/soat It is...

3.4. he/she/it/they — qisqacha qoida

Shuni ham eslang: you birlikda ham, ko'plikda ham bir xil — ya'ni bitta odamga ham you, bir guruhga ham you. Ingliz tili bu yerda "sen/siz/sizlar" ni farqlamaydi:

You are a student.    — Siz talabasiz.        (bitta kishi)
You are students.     — Sizlar talabasiz.     (ko'p kishi)

3.5. Olmosh — gap boshida (so'z tartibi)

Ingliz gapi olmosh (ega) + fe'l bilan boshlanadi (SVO — 5-darsda chuqur). Hozircha shuni eslang: gap "kim" bilan boshlanadi:

I ...      You ...      He ...      We ...      They ...

Mini-mashq (og'zaki): quyidagilarga to'g'ri olmoshni ayting — my sister (), the weather (), Ali and I (), the books (), bugun sovuq ___ is cold. Javob: she, it, we, they, It.

4. Misollar

Otni olmoshga almashtiramiz:

Ali is happy.           He is happy.       — U xursand.
Madina is a student.    She is a student.  — U talaba.
The dog is big.         It is big.         — U katta.
Ali and I are friends.  We are friends.    — Biz do'stmiz.
The books are new.      They are new.      — Ular yangi.
You are welcome.        (o'zgarmaydi)      — Arzimaydi.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• he /hiː/ va she /ʃiː/ — boshidagi tovush farqi: "h" vs "sh". he "hi:", she "shi:".
• they /ðeɪ/ — boshida /ð/ (tovushli th): "ðey", "zey" emas.
• we /wiː/ — /w/ (lab dumaloq): "wi:", "vi:" emas.
• I /aɪ/ — "ay" (diftong).

Topshiriq: he, she, they, we, I, you, it — har birini 5 martadan ayting; she va he, they va we ni alohida tekshiring.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

7. O'qish matni

This is my family.            — Bu mening oilam.
My father is a doctor. He is kind.    — Otam shifokor. U mehribon.
My mother is a teacher. She is busy.  — Onam o'qituvchi. U band.
I have a cat. It is small.            — Mening mushugim bor. U kichkina.
My friends are students. They are smart. — Do'stlarim talaba. Ular aqlli.

Topshiriq: matnni o'qing; har gapda olmosh kim/nimani almashtirayotganini ayting (He = father, She = mother, It = cat, They = friends).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Erkak/ayolni it deyish: Ali? It is a doctor. Ali He is a doctor. Sabab: o'zbekchada "u" bitta; inglizchada odam = he/she.

• he/she ni almashtirib yuborish (Madina he). Ayol she, erkak he. Sabab: o'zbekchada jins farqi yo'q — ataylab e'tibor bering.

• "i" ni kichik yozish gap o'rtasida: My brother and i... I har doim katta: My brother and I...

• "siz" va "sen" uchun boshqa so'z izlash. Ikkalasi ham you. Ingliz tilida farq yo'q — bu kursda you ni doim "siz" deb tarjima qilamiz.

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Otni olmoshga almashtiring (he/she/it/they): Bek = ___, Madina = ___, the book = ___, Ali and Bek = ___, the dog = ___, my mother = ___

Mashq 2. Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring (to'g'ri olmosh):

Ali is my friend. ___ is kind.
Madina is a teacher. ___ is busy.
The cat is black. ___ is small.
My parents are doctors. ___ are smart.

Mashq 3. O'zbekchadan: Men talabaman = I ___, Biz do'stmiz = ___ are friends, Ular aqlli = ___ are smart

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: Ali? It is a teacher., my friend and i, She is a doctor. (Ali haqida)

Mashq 5. "he", "she", "it" yoki "they"? a woman = ___, two cats = ___, a man = ___, a house = ___

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

1. Yozish: oilangiz yoki do'stlaringiz haqida 5 ta gap yozib, har xil olmosh ishlating (My father... He is..., My friends... They are...), so'ng tekshirishni so'rang.
2. O'yin: ot berilganda (Ali, the cat, Ali and Madina) to'g'ri olmoshni tez aytish mashqini bajaring (he, it, they). Ob-havo/vaqt uchun It ni ham qo'shing (the weather It, Monday It).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: Bek = he; Madina = she; the book = it; Ali and Bek = they; the dog = it; my mother = she. Mashq 2: He / She / It / They. Mashq 3: I am a student / We / They. Mashq 4: He is a teacher. / my friend and I / He is a doctor. Mashq 5: she / they / he / it.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

• 7 olmosh: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
• I — har doim katta; you — "siz" ham, "sen" ham uchun bir xil (kursda doim "siz").
• he (erkak) / she (ayol) / it (narsa) — o'zbekchada "u" bitta, inglizchada uchta!
• they — ular (odam ham, narsa ham).

Keyingi dars — A1 — 5-dars: "to be" (am / is / are). Endi olmoshlarni fe'l bilan birlashtiramiz — I am, you are, he is — ingliz tilidagi eng muhim fe'l. "Men talabaman" gapini to'g'ri qurishni o'rganasiz.