A1 — 15-dars: Present Simple — inkor (don't/doesn't) va savol (do/does)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 15-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

14-darsda Present Simple ning ijobiy shaklini o'rgandik (I work, he works). Endi uning inkor (I don't work) va savol (Do you work?) shakllarini o'rganamiz.

Bu darsda o'zbeklar uchun butunlay yangi tushuncha keladi — yordamchi fe'l (auxiliary verb): do / does. O'zbekchada savol "-mi" qo'shimchasi, inkor "-ma" qo'shimchasi bilan bo'ladi; inglizchada esa alohida yordamchi so'z ishlatiladi.

Real hayotda nega kerak: savol bermasdan suhbat yo'q. "Do you speak English? Does he work here? What do you do?" — intervyu, tanishuv, kundalik muloqot — barchasi savoldan boshlanadi. Inkorsiz esa fikringizni to'liq ayta olmaysiz.

O'xshatish: do/does — bu gapning "kalit-tugmasi". Ijobiy gapni savolga yoki inkorga aylantirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, oldiga shu tugmani bosasiz: You work tugma Do you work? / You don't work.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 14-dars: Present Simple ijobiy — I work, he/she/it works (+s qoidasi).
• 5-dars: to be savol/inkor — Are you...? / He isn't... (e'tibor bering: to be da do/does kerak emas).
• Tez mashq: He ___ (work) here. They ___ (live) in Bukhara. — ijobiy shaklni eslang (works, live).

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. Yordamchi fe'l nima

Ingliz tilida oddiy fe'llar (work, like, live) bilan savol va inkor to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qurilmaydi — ular do/does yordamchisini talab qiladi:

do    I / you / we / they  bilan
does  he / she / it        bilan  (does ichida "s" yashiringan!)

Oltin qoida — "S sayohati": ijobiyda -s fe'lda edi (he works). Savol/inkorda -s does/doesn't ga ko'chadi, asosiy fe'l sof qoladi: Does he work? (works emas!), He doesn't work. Bu — eng muhim nuqta.

Bu yerda o'zbek o'quvchisi uchun bir noqulaylik bor: bizning tilimizda savol va inkor fe'lning ichida yasaladi — "ishlaydi ishlaydimi? / ishlamaydi". Bitta so'z, oxiriga bitta qo'shimcha. Inglizchada esa gapga yangi, alohida so'z kiritiladi va u gapning boshiga (savolda) yoki fe'l oldiga (inkorda) qo'yiladi. Shuning uchun ko'p o'quvchi boshida "nega bu qo'shimcha so'z kerak?" deb hayron bo'ladi. Javob oddiy: ingliz tilida oddiy fe'l o'zi savol/inkor ko'tara olmaydi, unga do/does "ko'taruvchi" bo'lib xizmat qiladi.

Muhim ajratish — do ikki xil vazifada keladi. Birinchisi — do asosiy fe'l sifatida, "qilmoq" ma'nosida (I do my homework — uy vazifamni qilaman). Ikkinchisi — do/does yordamchi sifatida, hech qanday alohida ma'no bermaydi, faqat savol/inkor yasashga xizmat qiladi (Do you like tea? — bu yerdagi do "qilmoq" degani emas). Ba'zan ikkalasi bir gapda uchraydi: What do you do? — birinchi do yordamchi (tarjima qilinmaydi), ikkinchi do asosiy fe'l ("qilmoq"). Shuning uchun bu savol "Nima ish qilasiz?" deb tarjima qilinadi.

3.2. Inkor (negative) — don't / doesn't

I/you/we/they + don't (do not) + fe'l
he/she/it     + doesn't (does not) + fe'l

I don't like coffee.        — Men kofeni yoqtirmayman.
They don't work on Sunday.  — Ular yakshanba ishlamaydi.
He doesn't speak English.   — U inglizcha gapirmaydi.
She doesn't have a car.     — Uning mashinasi yo'q.

DIQQAT — qo'sh -s YO'Q: He doesn't works () He doesn't work (). -s allaqachon doesn't da bor; fe'lda takrorlanmaydi.

Inkorni yasashning ishonchli yo'li — uni ikki bosqichda o'ylash. Avval egaga qarab yordamchini tanlaysiz: I, you, we, they bo'lsa don't, he, she, it bo'lsa doesn't. Keyin uning ortidan fe'lni hech qanday o'zgarishsiz, lug'atdagi sof shaklda qo'yasiz. Ya'ni He works gapini inkor qilganda avval works dan -s ni olib tashlaysiz (chunki -s endi doesn't ga o'tdi), so'ng oldiga doesn't qo'yasiz: He works He doesn't work. Bir vaqtning o'zida ikki joyda -s bo'lishi (doesn't works) — grammatik jihatdan mumkin emas.

Yana bir nozik nuqta: have fe'li ham shu qoidaga bo'ysunadi. Ijobiyda He has a car bo'ladi, lekin inkorda has emas, sof have qaytadi: He doesn't have a car (doesn't has ). Xuddi shu narsa does ga -s "ko'chgani" uchun sodir bo'ladi.

3.3. Savol (questions) — Do / Does

Yes/No savol — Do/Does gap boshida, fe'l sof:

Do + I/you/we/they + fe'l ...?
Does + he/she/it + fe'l ...?

Do you like coffee?     — Siz kofeni yoqtirasizmi?
Do they work here?      — Ular shu yerda ishlaydimi?
Does he speak English?  — U inglizcha gapiradimi?
Does she have a car?    — Uning mashinasi bormi?

DIQQAT: Does he works? () Does he work? (). Yana o'sha qoida — -s does da.

Savolni yasashda ham ikki bosqichli fikrlash yordam beradi. Ijobiy gapdan boshlang: You work here. Endi savol yasash uchun mos yordamchini (Do yoki Does) gapning eng boshiga olib chiqasiz va fe'lni sof qoldirasiz: You work here Do you work here?. Uchinchi shaxs birlikda esa: He works here Does he work here? — bu yerda ham works dagi -s Does ga o'tib ketdi, fe'l sofga aylandi. Ko'p o'quvchi eng ko'p savolda yordamchini butunlay tushirib qoldiradi: You like coffee? deb ohang bilan so'raydi, chunki o'zbekchada shunday qilinadi. Bu — bu darsning eng katta xatosi; yozma va rasmiy nutqda albatta Do kerak: Do you like coffee?

Eslatma: to be fe'li (am/is/are) bu qoidadan mustaqil. U savol yasashda do/does olmaydi, o'zi boshga chiqadi: Are you a student? (Do you are ). Shuning uchun har savol oldidan "bu oddiy fe'lmi yoki to bemi?" deb bir lahza o'ylash foydali.

3.4. Qisqa javoblar (short answers)

Do you like tea?     Yes, I do.    / No, I don't.
Does he work here?   Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Do they speak English?  Yes, they do. / No, they don't.

Diqqat: javobda do/does qaytariladi (asosiy fe'l emas): Yes, he does (Yes, he works emas).

3.5. So'roq so'zli savollar (Wh- questions) — kirish

So'roq so'z (what, where...) + do/does + ega + fe'l (16-darsda chuqur):

What do you do?        — Nima ish qilasiz? (kasbingiz nima?)
Where do you live?     — Qayerda yashaysiz?
Where does he work?    — U qayerda ishlaydi?
When do they start?    — Ular qachon boshlaydi?

So'roq so'zli savolning tartibi doim bir xil: so'roq so'z + do/does + ega + fe'l. Ya'ni yes/no savolning boshiga bitta so'roq so'z (what, where, when) qo'shiladi, qolgan hammasi o'sha-o'sha qoladi: Do you live here? ga oldindan where qo'shsak Where do you live?. Bu yerda ham fe'l sof qoladi, uchinchi shaxs birlikda esa does ishlatiladi: Where does he live?. To'liq so'roq so'zlar keyingi darsda batafsil ochiladi; hozircha faqat do/does ularning ichida ham saqlanishini eslab qoling — so'roq so'z qo'shilgani bilan yordamchi yo'qolmaydi.

Mini-mashq (o'zingizni tekshiring): quyidagilarni savolga aylantiring — You live in Tashkent. / He speaks Russian. / They start at nine. Javob: Do you live in Tashkent? / Does he speak Russian? / Do they start at nine?

3.6. Umumiy sxema

              IJOBIY          INKOR              SAVOL
I/you/we/they  work           don't work         Do ... work?
he/she/it      works (+s)     doesn't work       Does ... work?
                               -s does(n't) da, fe'l sof 

4. Misollar

INKOR:
  I don't drink coffee.          — Men kofe ichmayman.
  He doesn't live here.          — U bu yerda yashamaydi.
  We don't have a TV.            — Bizda televizor yo'q.

SAVOL + javob:
  Do you speak English? — Yes, I do. — Inglizcha gapirasizmi? — Ha.
  Does she like music? — No, she doesn't. — U musiqani yoqtiradimi? — Yo'q.
  What do you do? — I'm a developer. — Nima ish qilasiz? — Dasturchiman.

Uchchasi birga (he):
  He works in a bank.      (ijobiy)
  He doesn't work on Sunday. (inkor)
  Does he work on Saturday?  (savol)

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• don't /dəʊnt/ "dount", doesn't /ˈdʌznt/ "daznt".
• does /dʌz/ "daz" (urg'usiz savolda zaiflashadi: "dəz" — Does he? "dəzi").
• Do you tez nutqda "dyu/dʒə": Do you know? "dʒə nou".

Native siri: og'zaki nutqda Do you...? boshidagi do deyarli yutiladi: "D'you like it?". Va Yes/No savol ohangi ko'tariladi ().

Topshiriq: don't, doesn't, Do you...?, Does he...? ni ayting; "Do you like coffee?" ni tabiiy, bog'langan holda mashq qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya: speak English/Uzbek, play football/the guitar, need help, want a coffee. What do you do? = "kasbingiz nima?" (idiomatik).

7. Dialog — tanishuvda savol-javob

A: Do you speak English?            — Inglizcha gapirasizmi?
B: Yes, a little. I study every day. — Ha, ozgina. Har kuni o'qiyman.
A: What do you do?                  — Nima ish qilasiz?
B: I'm a developer. I work for a small company. — Dasturchiman. Kichik kompaniyada ishlayman.
A: Does your company use English?   — Kompaniyangiz inglizcha ishlatadimi?
B: Yes, it does. We don't speak it every day, but we read a lot. — Ha. Har kuni gapirmaymiz, lekin ko'p o'qiymiz.
A: Do you like your job?            — Ishingizni yoqtirasizmi?
B: Yes, I do!                       — Ha, juda!

Topshiriq: dialogdagi har savol/inkorda do yoki does nega ishlatilganini ayting; o'zingiz haqingizda qayta yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Savolda do/does ni tushirish: You like coffee? He works here? Sabab: o'zbekchada savol "-mi" qo'shimcha bilan; yordamchi fe'l tushunchasi yo'q. Do you like coffee? Does he work here? (eng ko'p xato!)

• Qo'sh -s: Does he works? He doesn't likes. Does he work? He doesn't like. (-s does/doesn't da, fe'l sof).

• Inkorda do/does ni tushirish: I not like coffee. He no work. I don't like coffee. He doesn't work.

• do/does ni to be bilan aralashtirish: Do you are a student? Are you like coffee? Are you a student? (to be) / Do you like coffee? (oddiy fe'l). Sabab: ikki xil fe'l, ikki xil savol qurilishi.

• Javobda asosiy fe'l: Yes, I like. / Yes, he works. Yes, I do. / Yes, he does.

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. don't yoki doesn't?

I ___ like tea.       He ___ work here.     They ___ speak English.
She ___ have a car.   We ___ smoke.          It ___ work.

Mashq 2. Do yoki Does? (savol tuzing)

___ you like coffee?     ___ he speak English?   ___ they live here?
___ she have children?   ___ we need a ticket?

Mashq 3. Ijobiyni inkor va savolga aylantiring: He works in a bank. inkor: ___ / savol: ___ They like music. inkor: ___ / savol: ___

Mashq 4. Savolga qisqa javob bering: Do you speak English? (Yes) ___ Does he smoke? (No) ___ Do they work on Sunday? (No) ___

Mashq 5. To'g'rilang: You like coffee?, Does he works here?, I not like tea., Do you are a student?, Yes, he work.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Men kofe ichmayman. = ___ U inglizcha gapiradimi? = ___ Nima ish qilasiz? = ___ Ular yakshanba ishlamaydi. = ___

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: Present Simple da savol berish va inkor qilishni (do/does/don't/doesn't) xatosiz qo'llash.

Vazifa:

1. Savol yozish: men haqimda yoki umumiy 6 ta savol yozing (Do you...? Does Wisar AI...? What do you...?) va "tekshir" deb yuboring — men javob beraman.
2. O'zingiz haqingizda inkor: o'zingiz qilmaydigan 5 ta ishni yozing (I don't drink coffee. I don't smoke. I don't work on Friday...).
3. Intervyu rol o'yini: "Intervyu" deb yozing — men Do you...? What do you do? Does your team...? deb so'rayman, siz to'liq javob berasiz (Yes, I do / qisqa + to'liq).

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• he/she bilan does/doesn't, qolganida do/don't to'g'ri.
• Savol/inkorda asosiy fe'l sof (qo'sh -s yo'q).
• to be savoli bilan aralashmagan (Do you like / Are you).
• Qisqa javob to'g'ri (Yes, I do — Yes, I like emas).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: don't / doesn't / don't / doesn't / don't / doesn't. Mashq 2: Do / Does / Do / Does / Do. Mashq 3: He doesn't work in a bank. / Does he work in a bank? — They don't like music. / Do they like music? Mashq 4: Yes, I do. / No, he doesn't. / No, they don't. Mashq 5: Do you like coffee? / Does he work here? / I don't like tea. / Are you a student? / Yes, he does. Mashq 6: I don't drink coffee. / Does he speak English? / What do you do? / They don't work on Sunday.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Present Simple — inkor va savol (yordamchi: do/does)
  INKOR:  I/you/we/they + don't + fe'l   |   he/she/it + doesn't + fe'l
  SAVOL:  Do + I/you/we/they + fe'l?      |   Does + he/she/it + fe'l?
  QOIDA:  -s  does/doesn't da; asosiy fe'l SOF (Does he work? not works)
  JAVOB:  Yes, I do / No, he doesn't
  to be ≠ do: Are you...? (to be) | Do you...? (oddiy fe'l)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• Oddiy fe'l savol/inkori do/does yordamchisini talab qiladi (o'zbekcha -mi/-ma emas).
• -s does/doesn't ga ko'chadi, asosiy fe'l sof (Does he work?).
• Inkor: don't/doesn't; savol: Do/Does; javob: Yes, I do / No, he doesn't.
• to be (Are you...?) va oddiy fe'l (Do you...?) — aralashmaydi.

Bog'lanish: do/does yordamchisi keyingi darsda so'roq so'zlar (what/where/when + do) bilan kengayadi (16-dars); A2 da o'tgan zamonda did ga aylanadi (Did you work?); savol qurish mantig'i butun kurs davomida shu.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 16-dars: So'roq so'zlar (what, where, who, when, why, how). Endi "nima, qayerda, qachon, nega, qanday" deb to'liq savol berishni o'rganamiz — har qanday ma'lumotni so'rash uchun kalit.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Present Simple negatives & questions, Units 5–7); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Present simple questions/negatives".