A1 — 23-dars: Asosiy so'z mavzulari (oila, ranglar, tana, kiyim, ovqat, uy, kasblar, ob-havo)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 23-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu dars — grammatikadan tematik tanaffus: A1 davomida o'rgangan grammatikani (to be, have, Present Simple, sifatlar...) to'ldiradigan eng muhim so'z to'plamlari. Asosiy sakkiz mavzu (oila, ranglar, tana, kiyim, ovqat, uy/xona, kasblar, ob-havo) ustiga yana oltita hayotiy guruh qo'shildi: sonlar, hayvonlar, kunlik harakat fe'llari, shahar-joylar, transport va maktab/o'quv. Jami — A1 uchun kundalik so'z bazasi.

Real hayotda nega kerak: grammatika — "skelet", so'z boyligi — "et". I have a brother deyish uchun grammatika kerak; lekin brother, sister, son, daughter so'zlarini bilmasangiz, hech narsa ayta olmaysiz. Bu mavzular kundalik suhbatning ~80% ini qoplaydi.

O'xshatish: so'zlar — "qurilish g'ishtlari". Grammatika ularni qanday terish (gap qurish), lekin g'ishtsiz uy yo'q. Bugun 14 ta to'la g'isht qutisi olasiz.

Maslahat: bu darsda so'z ko'p — hammasini bir kunda yodlamang. Har mavzudan kuniga 5-7 so'zni Ankiga kiriting, gaplar tuzing.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 22-dars: have / have got — bu so'zlar bilan ishlatiladi (I have brown eyes, She's got a red dress).
• 19-dars: sifatlar — ranglar ham sifat (a red car).
• Tez mashq: I have ___ (egalik), He is a ___ (kasb), It is ___ (rang).

3. So'z mavzulari (14 ta to'plam)

3.1. Oila (family)

False friend ogohlantirishi: cousin — barcha amakivachcha, xolavachcha, ammavachcha, tog'avachchalarni bir so'z bilan qamrab oladi (jinsi ham ajratilmaydi). O'zbekchada bu qarindoshlik nozik bo'linadi, ingliz tilida esa faqat cousin. Zarur bo'lsa my cousin (a boy/a girl) deb aniqlaysiz. Namuna gap: I have three cousins. — Uchta amakivachcham bor.

3.2. Ranglar (colours)

Namuna gap: What colour is it? — It's blue. — U qanaqa rangda? — Ko'k. Diqqat imlo: britaniyacha colour, amerikacha color — ikkalasi ham to'g'ri, o'qishi bir xil ("kalə"). grey (Britaniya) / gray (Amerika) ham shunday.

3.3. Tana (body)

False friend ogohlantirishi: foot — bu "tovon" emas, balki butun oyoq panjasi (to'piqdan pastki qism); "tovon" aynan heel. leg esa to'piqdan yuqorigi butun oyoq. Xuddi shunday hand — panja, arm — yelkadan bilakgacha butun qo'l. Ko'plik notekis: foot feet, tooth teeth (oddiy -s emas!).

3.4. Kiyim (clothes)

Ko'plikda ishlatiladigan kiyimlar: trousers, jeans, shorts, glasses, shoes, socks — o'zbekchada birlik ("shim", "ko'zoynak"), ingliz tilida esa har doim ko'plik (juft narsa uchun): My jeans are new (not is). Bittasini aytmoqchi bo'lsangiz a pair of jeans/glasses. Namuna gap: She's wearing glasses. — U ko'zoynak taqqan.

3.5. Ovqat va ichimlik (food & drink)

Sanaladigan / sanalmaydigan: bread, rice, meat, water, milk, tea, sugar — sanalmaydigan (uncountable): a bread demang, some bread deng. apple, egg, potato esa sanaladigan: an apple, two eggs. False friend: chicken — ham "tovuq" (hayvon), ham "tovuq go'shti" (ovqat); fish — ham "baliq", ham "baliq go'shti".

3.6. Uy va xona (house & rooms)

False friend ogohlantirishi: flat (Britaniya) / apartment (Amerika) — "kvartira"; alohida hovlili uy esa house. floor ikki ma'noli: "pol" ham, "qavat" ham (the third floor — uchinchi qavat). room — umumiy "xona"; living room — mehmonxona, bathroom — hammom (unda vanna bor), toilet — hojatxona (alohida).

3.7. Kasblar (jobs)

Kasb aytishda artikl: ingliz tilida kasb oldidan a/an shart: I'm a teacher (not I'm teacher), She's an engineer (unli tovushdan oldin an). O'zbekchada "Men o'qituvchiman" — artiklsiz, shuning uchun bu tez-tez tushib qoladigan xato. Namuna gap: My sister is a nurse. — Opam hamshira.

3.8. Ob-havo va fasllar (weather & seasons)

False friend ogohlantirishi: autumn (Britaniya) va fall (Amerika) — ikkalasi "kuz". Ob-havoni doim it bilan ayting: It's raining (not Today rain). hot (juda issiq) va warm (iliq) farqi bor; cold (sovuq) va cool (salqin) ham farqlanadi. Namuna gap: What's the weather like today? — It's sunny and warm. — Bugun ob-havo qanaqa? — Quyoshli va iliq.

3.9. Sonlar (numbers)

False friend / talaffuz xavfi: -teen (13–19) va -ty (20, 30...) ni chalkashtirmang: thirteen "θə:TI:N" (urg'u oxirida, cho'ziq) vs thirty "THƏ:ti" (urg'u boshda). th tovushi (three, thirty) o'zbekcha "s"/"t" emas — til tishlar orasida. Namuna gap: I'm twenty years old. — Men yigirma yoshdaman.

3.10. Hayvonlar (animals)

Notekis ko'plik: sheep sheep (o'zgarmaydi!), mouse mice, fish fish. False friend: chicken — tirik "tovuq" ham, "tovuq go'shti" ham; xo'roz — cock/rooster, jo'ja — chick. Namuna gap: I have a dog and two cats. — Bitta itim va ikkita mushugim bor.

3.11. Kunlik harakat fe'llari (daily verbs)

False friend ogohlantirishi: ingliz tilida "o'qimoq" ikkiga bo'linadi: read — matn/kitob o'qimoq, study — ta'lim olmoq/mutolaa qilmoq. listen (eshitishga harakat qilmoq) va hear (beixtiyor eshitmoq) ham farqlanadi. Namuna gap: I get up at seven and go to work. — Yettida turaman va ishga boraman.

3.12. Shahar va joylar (places in town)

False friend ogohlantirishi: city (katta shahar) va town (kichik shahar) farqlanadi; village — qishloq. road — shaharlararo yo'l, street — shahar ichidagi ko'cha. Namuna gap: There's a bank near my house. — Uyim yaqinida bank bor.

3.13. Transport (transport)

Predlog xavfi: transportda "-da" uchun by ishlatiladi: by car, by bus, by train (artiklsiz!), lekin "piyoda" — on foot. Ichida bo'lganingizni aytsangiz on the bus / in the car. Namuna gap: I go to work by bus. — Ishga avtobusda boraman.

3.14. Maktab va o'quv (school & study)

False friend ogohlantirishi: notebook — bu "noutbuk" kompyuter emas, balki daftar! Kompyuter — laptop. student ingliz tilida ham maktab o'quvchisi, ham talaba (o'zbekchada bu ajratiladi). homework — sanalmaydigan: a homework demang, some homework deng. Namuna gap: I do my homework every day. — Har kuni uy vazifamni bajaraman.

4. So'zlarni gapda ishlatish (grammatika bilan birga)

Oila:    I have one brother and two sisters.   — Bir akam, ikki singlim bor.
Rang:    My car is red. Her eyes are brown.    — Mashinam qizil. Uning ko'zi jigarrang.
Tana:    He has long hair and blue eyes.       — Uning uzun sochi, ko'k ko'zi bor.
Kiyim:   She's wearing a black dress.          — U qora ko'ylak kiygan.
Ovqat:   I have bread and tea for breakfast.   — Nonushtaga non va choy ichaman.
Uy:      There are three rooms in my flat.     — Kvartiramda uchta xona bor.
Kasb:    My father is a driver. I'm a developer. — Otam haydovchi. Men dasturchiman.
Ob-havo: It's hot and sunny today.             — Bugun issiq va quyoshli.
Son:     I'm twenty. I have three brothers.    — Yigirma yoshdaman. Uchta akam bor.
Hayvon:  I have a dog and two cats.            — Bitta itim, ikkita mushugim bor.
Fe'l:    I get up at seven and go to work.     — Yettida turaman va ishga boraman.
Joy:     There's a shop near my house.         — Uyim yaqinida do'kon bor.
Transport: I go to school by bus.              — Maktabga avtobusda boraman.
Maktab:  I do my homework every evening.       — Har oqshom uy vazifamni bajaraman.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• Qiyin so'zlar: daughter /ˈdɔːtə/ "do:tə" (gh jim!), clothes /kləʊðz/ "klouðz" (qiyin: th+z), vegetable /ˈvedʒtəbl/ "vejtəbl" (3 bo'g'in), autumn /ˈɔːtəm/ "o:təm" (n jim).
• stomach /ˈstʌmək/ "stamək" (ch "k"!), chef /ʃef/ "shef" (ch "sh"!).

Topshiriq: har mavzudan 5 so'zni IPA bilan ayting; daughter, clothes, vegetable, autumn — jim harflarga e'tibor bering.

6. Kollokatsiya va so'z bog'lanishlari

Ob-havo:  It's raining. / The weather is nice. / It's 25 degrees.
Kiyim:    put on / take off (kiyinmoq/yechmoq), wear a hat (kiyib yurmoq)
Ovqat:    have breakfast/lunch/dinner, a cup of tea, a glass of water
Oila:     get married (turmush qurmoq), an older/younger brother
Transport: by car / by bus / by train (transportda), on foot (piyoda)
Fe'l:     go to work/school, get up early, do homework, have a shower
Joy:      go to the shop, at home, in the city centre

7. O'qish matni — o'zi va atrofi haqida

Hello! I'm Aziz. I have a small family:           — Salom! Men Aziz. Kichik oilam bor:
my parents, one brother and me.                    — ota-onam, bir akam va men.
My father is a teacher and my mother is a nurse.   — Otam o'qituvchi, onam hamshira.
We live in a flat with three rooms.                — Uch xonali kvartirada yashaymiz.
Today it's cold and cloudy, so I'm wearing a coat. — Bugun sovuq va bulutli, shuning uchun palto kiyganman.
For breakfast, I have bread, eggs and tea.         — Nonushtaga non, tuxum va choy.
My favourite colour is blue.                       — Sevimli rangim ko'k.

Topshiriq: matn uslubida o'zingiz haqingizda yozing — mavzulardan kamida 5 tasini ishlating.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• brother/sister da yosh chalkashligi: o'zbekcha "aka/uka", "opa/singil" — ingliz tilida ikkalasi brother / sister. Yosh kerak bo'lsa: older brother (aka), younger brother (uka).

• hand va arm, foot va leg ni aralashtirish. hand — panja, arm — butun qo'l; foot — tovon, leg — butun oyoq.

• ob-havoda to be ni tushirish: Today hot. It raining. It's hot today. It's raining. (It + to be — ob-havo doim "it" bilan).

• clothes ni birlik qilish: a clothes, one cloth. clothes — har doim ko'plik (my clothes are...); birlik a piece of clothing.

• Talaffuz: daughter "daughter" (gh ni o'qish), vegetable "ve-ge-ta-ble" (4 bo'g'in). "do:tə" (gh jim), "vejtəbl" (3 bo'g'in).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Mavzuga ajrating (family/colour/body/food): son, red, nose, bread, sister, blue, hand, rice

Mashq 2. O'zbekchaga tarjima qiling: daughter, brown, mouth, chicken, kitchen, nurse, snow, jacket

Mashq 3. Gap to'ldiring (mos so'z): My father is a ___ (kasb). It's ___ today (ob-havo). I have two ___ (oila). My eyes are ___ (rang).

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: Today hot., a clothes, My brother is older me., It raining.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Otam haydovchi. = ___ Bugun issiq va quyoshli. = ___ Uning ko'k ko'zi bor. = ___ Kvartiramda uchta xona bor. = ___

Mashq 6. Mavzuga ajrating (animal/verb/place/transport): dog, go, shop, bus, cat, eat, school, train

Mashq 7. To'g'ri variantni tanlang (yangi guruhlar): I go to work (by / on) bus. · I have (a / -) homework. · There are three (mouses / mice). · He is (twenty / twenteen) years old.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: tematik mavzular so'zlarini grammatika bilan birlashtirib, o'zingiz va atrofingiz haqida ravon gapirish.

Vazifa:

1. O'zim haqimda: mavzulardan kamida 6 tasini ishlatib, 10 ta gap yozing (oila, kasbingiz, sevimli rang/ovqat, bugungi ob-havo, uyingiz, ishga qanday borishingiz) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Tasvirlash o'yini: men mavzu aytaman (family / weather / your room), siz 3 ta gap bilan tasvirlaysiz.
3. Anki: har mavzudan 5 so'zni tanlab, har biriga misol gap yozing.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• Kamida 6 mavzudan so'z ishlatilgan.
• Ob-havo It's... bilan, kasb I'm a... bilan to'g'ri.
• have/have got bilan oila/xususiyat aytilgan.
• Rang sifat sifatida to'g'ri joyda (a red car / My car is red).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: family: son, sister | colour: red, blue | body: nose, hand | food: bread, rice. Mashq 2: qiz / jigarrang / og'iz / tovuq / oshxona / hamshira / qor / kurtka. Mashq 3: (namuna) driver / hot (sunny) / brothers (sisters) / blue. Mashq 4: It's hot today. / clothes (yoki a piece of clothing) / My brother is older than me. / It's raining. Mashq 5: My father is a driver. / It's hot and sunny today. / He has blue eyes. (He's got blue eyes.) / There are three rooms in my flat. Mashq 6: animal: dog, cat | verb: go, eat | place: shop, school | transport: bus, train. Mashq 7: by bus / — homework (sanalmaydi, artiklsiz: some homework) / mice / twenty.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

14 mavzu: oila | ranglar | tana | kiyim | ovqat | uy/xona | kasblar | ob-havo
          | sonlar | hayvonlar | kunlik fe'llar | shahar-joylar | transport | maktab
  Ob-havo:  It's + sifat (It's hot/sunny/raining)
  Kasb:     I'm a/an + kasb (I'm a developer)
  Oila:     I have / I've got + a'zo (older/younger brother)
  Rang:     sifat (a red car / My car is red)
Yodlash: har mavzudan kuniga 5-7 so'z  Anki  misol gap

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• 14 mavzu — kundalik suhbatning asosiy so'z bazasi.
• Ob-havo It's...; kasb I'm a...; oila have/have got.
• older/younger brother (aka/uka farqi).
• Anki bilan tizimli yodlang.

Bog'lanish: bu so'zlar har bir keyingi darsda qayta uchraydi; A2 da kengayadi (ovqat restoran/buyurtma, kiyim xarid, ob-havo kelajak bashorati). So'z boyligi — butun kurs davomidagi doimiy strand.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 24-dars: A1 TAKROR + CHECKPOINT TEST + can-do ro'yxati. A1 ning oxirgi darsi! Hamma grammatikani takrorlaymiz, katta sinov topshirasiz va "endi nimalarni qila olaman" ro'yxatini ko'rasiz.

Manba

Oxford Picture Dictionary; Cambridge Dictionary (talaffuz); English Vocabulary in Use (Elementary), McCarthy & O'Dell; British Council LearnEnglish — vocabulary topics.