A1 — 6-dars: O'zini tanishtirish (ism, yosh, mamlakat, kasb)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 6-dars

1. Dars nomi va maqsad

Endi to be va olmoshlarni birlashtirib, o'zingiz haqingizda to'liq gapirasiz: ism, yosh, qayerdanligingiz, millat va kasb. Bu — tanishuv, ariza, ish intervyusining birinchi qadami ("Tell me about yourself"). Bu darsdan keyin siz o'zingizni inglizcha ravon tanishtira olasiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 5-dars: to be — I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are; qisqartma (I'm, he's); inkor (isn't); savol (Are you...?).
• Tez mashq: I'm a student. He isn't busy. Are they ready?

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. O'zini tanishtirishning asosiy gaplari

Diqqat: yosh haqida — ingliz tilida "I am 19" (to be bilan), "I have 19" EMAS! O'zbekchada "men 19 daman", ruschada "u menya..." — lekin inglizcha to be: I'm 19. (years old qo'shsa ham bo'ladi: I'm 19 years old.)

3.2. Mamlakat va millat (country / nationality)

Mamlakat — from bilan; millat — to be bilan:

I'm from Uzbekistan. I'm Uzbek.   — O'zbekistondanman. O'zbekman.
He's from Turkey. He's Turkish.   — U Turkiyadan. U turk.

Diqqat: millat — har doim katta harf: Uzbek, English, Russian (gap o'rtasida ham).

3.3. Kasblar (jobs) — a / an bilan

Kasb aytishda a / an ishlatiladi (bitta kasb):

I'm a student.     — Men talabaman.
She's a teacher.   — U o'qituvchi.
He's an engineer.  — U muhandis.   (unli oldidan AN — 7-darsda)

3.4. Yosh uchun sonlar (13–20, o'nliklar)

(0–12 ni keyingi darsda; hozir yosh uchun keraklilari)

13 thirteen  14 fourteen  15 fifteen  16 sixteen
17 seventeen 18 eighteen  19 nineteen 20 twenty
21 twenty-one ... 25 twenty-five ... 30 thirty

Diqqat: 13–19 (-teen) va o'nliklar (-ty) talaffuzi farq qiladi: thirTEEN (urg'u oxirda) vs THIRty (urg'u boshda). fourteen /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/ vs forty /ˈfɔːti/.

4. Misollar — to'liq tanishtirish

Hello! My name is Ali.        — Salom! Mening ismim Ali.
I'm nineteen years old.       — Men o'n to'qqiz yoshdaman.
I'm from Uzbekistan. I'm Uzbek. — O'zbekistondanman. O'zbekman.
I live in Tashkent.           — Toshkentda yashayman.
I'm a developer.              — Men dasturchiman.
Nice to meet you!             — Tanishganimdan xursandman!

Boshqa odam haqida (he/she):

This is Bek. He's twenty.     — Bu Bek. U yigirma yoshda.
He's from Samarkand.          — U Samarqanddan.
He's an engineer.             — U muhandis.

4.1. To'liq tanishtirish paragrafi — namuna

Yuqoridagi gaplarni bitta oqim qilib bog'lasangiz, tayyor "o'zini tanishtirish" paragrafi chiqadi. Quyidagi namunani diqqat bilan o'qing: har bir gap bitta ma'lumot beradi — ism, yosh, mamlakat, millat, shahar, kasb — va oxirida xushmuomala yopilish (Nice to meet you) turadi.

Hello! My name is Ali. I'm nineteen years old. I'm from Uzbekistan —
I'm Uzbek. I live in Tashkent. I'm a junior developer. Nice to meet you!

O'zbekchasi: Salom! Mening ismim Ali. Men o'n to'qqiz yoshdaman. Men O'zbekistondanman — o'zbekman. Toshkentda yashayman. Men junior dasturchiman. Tanishganimdan xursandman!

Bu paragraf — universal poydevor. Tartibni yodda saqlang: ism yosh qayerdan millat shahar kasb yopilish. Ish intervyusida, yangi guruh yoki kursda, xorijlik bilan uchrashuvda aynan shu ketma-ketlik ishlaydi. Endi shu bo'shliqlarga o'z ma'lumotingizni qo'yib chiqing — bu sizning shaxsiy tanishtirish paragrafingiz bo'ladi.

4.2. My name is Ali va I'm Ali — farqi bormi?

Ikkalasi ham to'g'ri va ikkalasi ham "Mening ismim Ali" degani. Farqi juda nozik — ohangda:

• My name is Ali. — biroz rasmiyroq, to'liqroq. Ariza, ro'yxatdan o'tish, telefon suhbati, rasmiy tanishuvda tabiiy eshitiladi.
• I'm Ali. — qisqaroq va do'stona. Kundalik, norasmiy tanishuvda ko'proq ishlatiladi.

Amalda ko'pincha ikkalasini birlashtirmasdan, bittasini tanlaydilar. Ikkovini birga aytmang: My name is I'm Ali. — bu xato. Yo My name is Ali, yo I'm Ali — bittasi yetarli.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• -teen vs -ty: thirteen "θə-TI:N" vs thirty "θƏ-ti"; fifteen vs fifty. Urg'u joyi muhim — yosh/sonlarni chalkashtirmaslik uchun.
• engineer /ˌenʤɪˈnɪə/ "enji-NIƏ" (urg'u oxirda).
• Uzbekistan /ˌʊzbekɪˈstɑːn/, Uzbek /ˈʊzbek/.
• years old "yiəz ould" (bog'lanib).

Topshiriq: thirteen–thirty, fourteen–forty, fifteen–fifty juftlarini ayting — urg'u farqini his qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

7. Dialog — tanishuv (ish intervyusi uslubida)

Interviewer: Hello! Please, tell me about yourself.  — Salom! O'zingiz haqingizda gapiring.
Ali:  Hi! My name is Ali.                  — Salom! Mening ismim Ali.
      I'm nineteen years old.              — Men o'n to'qqiz yoshdaman.
      I'm from Uzbekistan, from Tashkent.  — O'zbekistondanman, Toshkentdan.
      I'm a junior developer.              — Men junior dasturchiman.
Interviewer: Great! Are you a student, too? — Zo'r! Talaba hammisiz?
Ali:  Yes, I am. I'm a computer science student. — Ha. Men kompyuter fanlari talabasiman.

Topshiriq: bu javobni o'zingizning ma'lumotingiz bilan qayta yozing va ovoz chiqarib ayting — bu sizning birinchi "Tell me about yourself"ingiz!

7.1. Savol-javob — asosiy tanishuv savollari

Tanishuv har doim ikki tomonlama: kimdir savol beradi, kimdir javob beradi. Quyidagi to'rt savol — tanishuvning "asosiy to'plami". Har bir savolga qanday javob berishni yod oling — chunki ertaga xuddi shu savollarni sizga berishadi.

What's your name?        — Ismingiz nima?
   My name is Malika. / I'm Malika.   — Ismim Malika.

How old are you?         — Necha yoshdasiz?
   I'm twenty. / I'm twenty years old. — Yigirma yoshdaman.

Where are you from?      — Qayerdansiz?
   I'm from Uzbekistan. / I'm from Bukhara. — O'zbekistondanman. / Buxorodanman.

What do you do?          — Nima ish qilasiz? (kasbingiz nima?)
   I'm a nurse. / I'm a student.       — Hamshiraman. / Talabaman.

Diqqat: Where are you from? — "Qayerdansiz?" degani, "qayerda" emas. Javobi from bilan: I'm from... Faqat I'm Uzbekistan demang — bu "Men O'zbekistonman" degan kulgili ma'no beradi. To'g'risi: I'm from Uzbekistan.

Diqqat: What do you do? so'zma-so'z "Nima qilasiz?" bo'lsa ham, tanishuvda u kasbni so'raydi ("Nima ish qilasiz?"). Javobi: I'm a... + kasb.

7.2. Yana bir dialog — kundalik tanishuv (norasmiy)

Bu safar ikki tengdosh do'stona tanishadi — rasmiy intervyu emas:

Aziz:  Hi! I'm Aziz. What's your name?     — Salom! Men Aziz. Ismingiz nima?
Nigora: Hello! I'm Nigora. Nice to meet you! — Salom! Men Nigora. Tanishganimdan xursandman!
Aziz:  Nice to meet you, too! Where are you from? — Men ham! Qayerdansiz?
Nigora: I'm from Fergana. And you?         — Farg'onadanman. Siz-chi?
Aziz:  I'm from Tashkent. What do you do?  — Men Toshkentdanman. Nima ish qilasiz?
Nigora: I'm a student. I'm a nurse, too — I work part-time. — Talabaman. Hamshira hamman — yarim stavkada ishlayman.
Aziz:  Great! How old are you, if I may ask? — Zo'r! Ijozat bo'lsa, necha yoshdasiz?
Nigora: I'm nineteen.                       — O'n to'qqizdaman.

Foydali: And you? ("Siz-chi?") — savolni qaytarishning eng oson yo'li. Kimdir sizga savol bersa, javob berib, oxirida And you? deb qaytaring — suhbat davom etadi.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Yosh: I have 19. / I have 19 years. I am 19. / I'm 19 years old. Sabab: ingliz tilida yosh to be bilan (ruscha/o'zbekcha mantiq emas).

• Millatni kichik harf: I'm uzbek. I'm Uzbek. Millat va til — har doim katta harf.

• Mamlakat va millatni aralashtirish: I'm from Uzbek. / I'm Uzbekistan. I'm from Uzbekistan (mamlakat). I'm Uzbek (millat).

• Kasbda a/an tushirish: I'm developer. / She's teacher. I'm a developer. She's a teacher. Sabab: o'zbekchada artikl yo'q.

• thirteen va thirty ni adashtirish (urg'u). thirTEEN (13) vs THIRty (30) — urg'u joyini ayting.

• "Qayerdansiz?" ga from ni tushirish: I'm Uzbekistan. / I'm Tashkent. I'm from Uzbekistan. I'm from Tashkent. Sabab: o'zbekchada "-dan" qo'shimcha, inglizchada alohida so'z — from.

• My name is Ali va I'm Ali ni birga aytish: My name is I'm Ali. Bittasini tanlang: My name is Ali. YOKI I'm Ali. Ikkovi bir gapda kelmaydi.

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. O'zingiz haqingizda to'ldiring:

My name is ___.   I'm ___ years old.   I'm from ___.
I'm ___ (millat).   I'm a ___ (kasb).   I live in ___.

Mashq 2. Mamlakat millat: Uzbekistan ___, Russia ___, Turkey ___, America ___

Mashq 3. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Men yigirma yoshdaman. = ___ U Samarqanddan. = ___ Men dasturchiman. = ___ U muhandis. = ___ (an bilan)

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: I have 19 years., I'm uzbek., She's teacher., I'm from Uzbek.

Mashq 5. Savolga javob bering (o'zingiz haqingizda): What's your name? — ___ How old are you? — ___ Where are you from? — ___ What do you do? (kasbingiz) — ___

Mashq 6 (asosiy — o'zingizni tanishtiring). 4.1-bo'limdagi namunaga qarab, o'zingiz haqingizda oltita gapdan iborat to'liq tanishtirish paragrafi yozing. Tartibga rioya qiling: ism yosh mamlakat millat shahar kasb, oxirida Nice to meet you! Yozib bo'lgach, uni ovoz chiqarib, to'xtamasdan ayting.

Hello! My name is ___. I'm ___ years old. I'm from ___. I'm ___ (millat).
I live in ___. I'm a ___ (kasb). Nice to meet you!

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

1. "Tell me about yourself": o'zingizni to'liq tanishtiruvchi 5–6 ta gap yozing (ism, yosh, mamlakat, millat, kasb, shahar) va "tekshir" deb yuboring. Men intervyuchi sifatida baholayman.
2. Intervyu rol o'yini: "Intervyu boshlaymiz" deb yozing — men savol beraman (What's your name? How old are you? Where are you from?), siz javob berasiz.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: (o'zingizniki — masalan) My name is Ali. I'm 19 years old. I'm from Uzbekistan. I'm Uzbek. I'm a developer. I live in Tashkent. Mashq 2: Uzbek / Russian / Turkish / American. Mashq 3: I'm twenty (years old). / He's from Samarkand. / I'm a developer. / He's an engineer. Mashq 4: I'm 19 (years old). / I'm Uzbek. / She's a teacher. / I'm from Uzbekistan. Mashq 5: (namuna) My name is Ali. / I'm nineteen. / I'm from Tashkent. / I'm a developer. Mashq 6: (namuna — o'zingizniki bo'ladi) Hello! My name is Malika. I'm twenty years old. I'm from Uzbekistan. I'm Uzbek. I live in Bukhara. I'm a nurse. Nice to meet you!

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

• O'zini tanishtirish: ism (My name is.../I'm...), yosh (I'm 19 — have emas!), mamlakat (I'm from...), millat (I'm Uzbek — katta harf), kasb (I'm a developer — a bilan).
• Mamlakat (Uzbekistan) ≠ millat (Uzbek).
• Sonlar: -teen (13–19) vs -ty (o'nlik) — urg'u farqi.
• Bu — "Tell me about yourself" ning poydevori (intervyu uchun).

Keyingi dars — A1 — 7-dars: Artikllar a / an (kirish). O'zbekchada yo'q, lekin inglizchada eng muhim va eng qiyin mavzulardan biri — a / an (noaniq artikl). Qachon, qaysi birini ishlatishni boshidan to'g'ri o'rganamiz.