A1 — 16-dars: So'roq so'zlar (what, where, who, when, why, how)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 16-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

15-darsda Yes/No savollarni (Do you...?) o'rgandik. Endi ma'lumot so'rovchi savollar — so'roq so'zlar (question words / Wh-words): what, where, who, when, why, how va boshqalar.

Real hayotda nega kerak: Yes/No bilan suhbat uzoqqa bormaydi. Haqiqiy muloqot ochiq savollar bilan quriladi: "Where do you live? What do you do? Why do you study English? How do you go to work?" Intervyu, tanishuv, sayohat, do'kon — hammasi shu so'zlar bilan.

O'xshatish: Yes/No savol — "ha/yo'q tugmasi". So'roq so'zlar esa — "ma'lumot kalitlari": har biri boshqa qulfni ochadi (joy, vaqt, sabab, usul). To'g'ri kalitni tanlasangiz — kerakli javobni olasiz.

Bu darsda nimalarni o'rganasiz:

• Sakkizta asosiy so'roq so'z (What / Who / Where / When / Why / Which / Whose / How) — har biri qaysi ma'lumotni so'rashi.
• Savol tuzilishining universal qolipi: so'roq so'z + do/does yoki is/are + ega + fe'l.
• What va Which orasidagi farq (ochiq savol / tanlovli savol).
• Who ega bo'lganda do/doessiz savol (Who lives here?).
• How much (sanalmaydigan) va How many (sanaladigan) farqi, hamda How + sifat oilasi.
• O'zbek tilida so'zlashuvchilarning eng ko'p yo'l qo'yadigan xatolari (yordamchi fe'lni tushirish, so'z tartibi).

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 15-dars: do/does yordamchisi — Do you work? Does he live here? (asosiy fe'l sof).
• 5-dars: to be savoli — Are you...? Is he...?
• Tez mashq: ___ you like coffee? ___ he speak English? (Do / Does).

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. Asosiy so'roq so'zlar

3.2. So'z tartibi — eng muhim qoida

So'roq so'z gap boshiga keladi, keyin savol tartibi (do/does yoki to be) saqlanadi:

So'roq so'z + do/does + ega + asosiy fe'l ... ?   (oddiy fe'l)
So'roq so'z + am/is/are + ega ... ?                (to be)

Where  do   you  live?       — Qayerda yashaysiz?
What   does he   do?         — U nima ish qiladi?
When   do   they start?      — Ular qachon boshlaydi?
Where  is   she?             — U qayerda? (to be)
Why    are  you  tired?      — Nega charchagansiz? (to be)

Oltin qoida: so'roq so'z qo'shilsa ham, do/does (yoki to be) yo'qolmaydi: Where you live? () Where do you live? (). Faqat boshiga so'roq so'z qo'shiladi, qolgani 15-darsdagidek.

O'xshatish (so'z tartibi): o'zbekcha "Qayerda yashaysiz?" — so'roq so'z o'rtada. Inglizcha esa boshida: "Where do you live?". Tartibni almashtiring.

Qolipni bosqichma-bosqich ko'ramiz. Har qanday Wh-savol ikkita bo'lakdan yig'iladi: (1) boshiga qo'yiladigan so'roq so'z va (2) undan keyingi oddiy Yes/No savol (15-darsdagi tuzilma o'zgarmaydi). Masalan, Do you live here? degan Yes/No savolni oling, boshiga Where qo'ying — Where do you live? tayyor. Ya'ni yangi qoidani yodlash shart emas: eski savol ustiga bitta so'z qo'shasiz, xolos.

Yes/No savol:   Do   you  work here?
+ so'roq so'z:  Where do   you  work?      — Qayerda ishlaysiz?

Yes/No savol:   Does he   like tea?
+ so'roq so'z:  What  does he   like?       — U nimani yoqtiradi?

Yes/No savol:   Are  you  tired?
+ so'roq so'z:  Why   are  you  tired?      — Nega charchagansiz?

3.3. who / what — ega bo'lganda (do/does YO'Q)

Agar who yoki what gapning egasi bo'lsa (kim qiladi?), do/does ishlatilmaydi, fe'l 3-shaxsda (-s):

Who lives here?     — Kim shu yerda yashaydi? (Who doesn't ishlatilmaydi)
What happens next?  — Keyin nima bo'ladi?

Solishtiring:

Who do you like?   — Siz kimni yoqtirasiz? (who — to'ldiruvchi  do)
Who likes you?     — Kim sizni yoqtiradi?  (who — ega  -s, do yo'q)

Bu nozik nuqta; hozircha asosiysini eslang: who/what ega bo'lsa do yo'q, fe'l +s.

Nega bunday? Who yoki What egaga aylanganda, savolning egasi allaqachon o'sha so'zning o'zi bo'ladi (kim? / nima?). Yordamchi do/does esa faqat egadan keyin fe'lni "qo'llash" uchun kerak edi; ega — savol so'zining o'zi bo'lgach, u ortiqcha bo'lib qoladi. Shuning uchun gap oddiy tasdiq gap tartibida qoladi, fe'lga esa 3-shaxs -s qo'shiladi:

Somebody lives here.    Who lives here?      (kim? — ega, do YO'Q, +s)
Something happened.      What happened?        (nima? — ega, do YO'Q)
Ali loves Zuhra.         Who loves Zuhra?      (kim sevadi? — ega)
Ali loves Zuhra.         Who does Ali love?    (kimni sevadi? — to'ldiruvchi, do BOR)

Amaliy farqlash usuli: savol kim/nima biror ishni qiladimi (ega), yoki kimga/nimaga ish qilinadimi (to'ldiruvchi)? Ega bo'lsa — do/does yo'q; to'ldiruvchi bo'lsa — do/does bor.

3.3a. What va Which — ochiq savol va tanlov

Ikkalasi ham "nima/qaysi" ma'nosini beradi, lekin farqi bor:

• What — javob variantlari cheklanmagan, ochiq savol. What do you want? (istagan narsangizni ayting).
• Which — javob ma'lum, sanoqli variantlar ichidan tanlanadi. Which do you want, tea or coffee? (faqat shu ikkitasidan).

What colour do you like?          — Qanday rang yoqadi? (barcha ranglardan)
Which colour do you like, red or blue? — Qaysi rang yoqadi, qizilmi ko'kmi? (ikkitadan)
What is your name?                — Ismingiz nima? (ochiq)
Which bus goes to the centre?     — Qaysi avtobus markazga boradi? (ma'lum avtobuslardan)

Xotira tayanchi: oldingizda aniq variantlar bor (menyu, ikkita yo'l, uchta rang) Which. Variant chegarasiz, ochiq What. A1 darajada What ko'proq uchraydi; Which esa tanlov aniq bo'lganda.

3.4. how + sifat/ravish

how boshqa so'z bilan birikadi:

How old (necha yosh) | How many (nechta) | How much (qancha)
How far (qancha uzoq) | How long (qancha vaqt/uzun) | How often (qanchalik tez-tez)

How old are you?        — Necha yoshdasiz?
How many brothers do you have? — Nechta akangiz bor?
How often do you study? — Qanchalik tez-tez o'qiysiz? (A2)

How many va How much — eng muhim farq. Bu farq A1 uchun juda muhim, chunki o'zbekchada ikkalasi ham "qancha/nechta" deyiladi:

• How many — sanaladigan narsalar uchun (bittalab sanash mumkin: kitob, olma, do'st). Undan keyin ko'plikdagi ot keladi.
• How much — sanalmaydigan narsalar va narx uchun (suv, pul, vaqt, sut). Undan keyin birlikdagi ot yoki hech narsa kelmaydi.

How many books do you have?   — Nechta kitobingiz bor? (kitob — sanaladi)
How many people are there?    — Nechta odam bor?       (odam — sanaladi)
How much water do you drink?  — Qancha suv ichasiz?    (suv — sanalmaydi)
How much money do you have?   — Qancha pulingiz bor?   (pul — sanalmaydi)
How much is it?               — Bu qancha turadi?      (narx)

Tez tekshiruv: ismni ikkiga bo'lib ("ikkita ___") aytib bo'ladimi? "ikkita kitob" many. "ikkita suv" much. Narx haqida gap ketsa — doim much (How much is this?).

How + sifat/ravish oilasi — kengroq:

How old is your son?          — O'g'lingiz necha yoshda?     (yosh)
How long is the film?         — Film qancha davom etadi?      (davomiylik/uzunlik)
How far is the school?        — Maktab qancha uzoq?           (masofa)
How tall are you?             — Bo'yingiz qancha?             (bo'y)
How often do you come here?   — Bu yerga qanchalik tez-tez kelasiz? (chastota)

4. Misollar

oddiy fe'l (do/does):
  What do you do?           — Nima ish qilasiz?
  Where does he work?       — U qayerda ishlaydi?
  When do you get up?       — Qachon turasiz?
  Why do you study English? — Nega inglizcha o'rganasiz?
  How do you go to work?    — Ishga qanday borasiz?

to be:
  Where is the station?     — Bekat qayerda?
  Who is that man?          — Anavi odam kim?
  How are your parents?     — Ota-onang qalay?
  What time is it?          — Soat necha?

ega (do yo'q):
  Who wants tea?            — Kim choy xohlaydi?
  What makes you happy?    — Sizni nima xursand qiladi?

Which (tanlov):
  Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? — Qaysi birini afzal ko'rasiz, choymi kofemi?
  Which day is good for you?          — Qaysi kun sizga qulay?

How + sifat:
  How much is this shirt?  — Bu ko'ylak qancha turadi?
  How many students are in the class? — Sinfda nechta o'quvchi bor?
  How long is your holiday? — Ta'tilingiz qancha davom etadi?

Why Because jufti. Why...? savoliga tabiiy javob Because ("chunki") bilan boshlanadi. Bu — savol-javob juftligi; ikkalasini birga yodlang:

Why do you learn English? — Because I want a good job.
   Nega inglizcha o'rganasiz? — Chunki yaxshi ish istayman.
Why is she late?          — Because the bus was slow.
   U nega kech qoldi?      — Chunki avtobus sekin edi.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• what /wɒt/ "wot", where /weə/ "weə", who /huː/ "hu:" (w jim!), when /wen/, why /waɪ/ "way", how /haʊ/ "hau", whose /huːz/ "hu:z".
• who/whose — "w" jim, "h" o'qiladi: "hu:".
• Wh- savol ohangi odatda tushadi (): "Where do you LIVE?" (Yes/No dan farqli — u ko'tariladi).

Native siri: What do you... tez nutqda "woduyu/wojə": "What do you mean?" "wojə mi:n". What's... (What is) doim qisqaradi.

Topshiriq: har so'roq so'zni ayting; "Where do you live? What do you do? How are you?" ni tabiiy ohang (tushuvchi) bilan mashq qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya: Why...? — Because... (savol-javob jufti). What do you mean? (Nima demoqchisiz?), What's the matter? (Nima gap?), How come? (Qanday qilib? — norasmiy).

7. Dialog — tanishuv (ochiq savollar bilan)

A: Hi! What's your name?            — Salom! Isming nima?
B: I'm Aziz. And you?               — Men Azizman. Sen-chi?
A: I'm Bek. Where do you live?      — Men Bekman. Qayerda yashaysan?
B: I live in Chilonzor. Where do you work? — Chilonzorda yashayman. Sen qayerda ishlaysan?
A: I work in an IT company. What do you do? — IT kompaniyada ishlayman. Sen nima ish qilasan?
B: I'm a student. I study design.   — Talabaman. Dizayn o'qiyman.
A: Cool! Why do you study English?  — Zo'r! Nega inglizcha o'rganasan?
B: Because I want to work abroad.    — Chunki chet elda ishlamoqchiman.

Topshiriq: dialogdagi har so'roq so'zni belgilang; o'zingiz bilan suhbatni qayta yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• do/does ni tushirish: Where you live? What he does? Sabab: o'zbekchada yordamchi fe'l yo'q (so'roq so'z + fe'l yetadi). Where do you live? What does he do?

• So'z tartibi (o'zbekona): You live where? He works where? So'roq so'z boshida: Where do you live? Sabab: o'zbekchada so'roq so'z o'rtada bo'lishi mumkin; inglizchada boshida.

• what time / how much / how old ni alohida-alohida noto'g'ri: How much your age? What your name? How old are you? What is your name?

• why javobini "because" siz: Why do you study? — I want a job. (grammatik to'g'ri, lekin tabiiyroq:) Because I want a job. (Why Because jufti).

• who ega bo'lganda do qo'shish: Who does live here? Who lives here? (who — ega do yo'q, fe'l +s).

• how many / how much aralashtirish: How much brothers do you have? How many money? Sabab: o'zbekchada "qancha/nechta" ikkalasiga ham to'g'ri keladi, farq sezilmaydi. How many brothers do you have? How much money? (sanaladi many; sanalmaydi much).

• does dan keyin fe'lga -s qo'shish: What does he does? Where does she works? Sabab: does allaqachon 3-shaxsni ko'rsatadi, fe'l sof qoladi. What does he do? Where does she work?

Mini-mashq (xatolarni toping va tuzating):

1. Where you work?
2. How much brothers do you have?
3. What does she does?
4. Who do live here?
5. Why you tired?

Javoblar: 1. Where do you work? · 2. How many brothers do you have? · 3. What does she do? · 4. Who lives here? · 5. Why are you tired?

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Mos so'roq so'zni qo'ying (what/where/who/when/why/how):

___ do you live? — In Tashkent.
___ is your teacher? — Mr. Aziz.
___ do you study English? — Because I need it for work.
___ do you go to work? — By bus.
___ do you get up? — At seven.
___ is your favourite colour? — Blue.

Mashq 2. Savol tuzing (so'roq so'z + do/does + ...): (where / you / work) ___ (what / he / do) ___ (when / they / start) ___

Mashq 3. how + so'z (old/many/much): ___ are you? — I'm 19. ___ books do you have? — Five. ___ is this pen? — Two dollars.

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: Where you live?, What he does?, How much your age?, Who do live here?, Why you study English?

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Qayerda yashaysiz? = ___ U nima ish qiladi? = ___ Nega inglizcha o'rganasiz? = ___ Necha yoshdasiz? = ___ Ishga qanday borasiz? = ___

Mashq 6. How many yoki How much — to'g'risini tanlang:

___ books do you read? — Two a month.
___ water do you drink? — About two litres.
___ money do you have? — Ten dollars.
___ people are there? — Twenty.
___ is this bag? — Fifteen dollars.

Mashq 7. What yoki Which — to'g'risini tanlang:

___ is your name? — Bek.
___ do you prefer, tea or coffee? — Coffee, please.
___ colour do you like? — I like all colours.
___ bus goes to the centre, number 5 or 7? — Number 5.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: so'roq so'zlar bilan to'liq, tabiiy savollar berib, suhbatni o'zingiz boshqara olish.

Vazifa:

1. Savol yog'dirish: men haqimda 8 ta turli savol yozing — har bir so'roq so'zdan (what, where, who, when, why, how, how old, how many) kamida bittadan — va "tekshir" deb yuboring. Men javob beraman.
2. Tanishuv rol o'yini: "Tanishamiz" deb yozing — biz navbat bilan bir-birimizdan ochiq savol so'raymiz (siz ham, men ham). Maqsad — 6 ta savol-javob.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• Har savolda so'roq so'z boshida.
• do/does (yoki to be) saqlangan (tushib qolmagan).
• how old / how many / how much to'g'ri ishlatilgan.
• Why...? ga Because... bilan javob berilgan.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: Where / Who / Why / How / When / What. Mashq 2: Where do you work? / What does he do? / When do they start? Mashq 3: How old / How many / How much. Mashq 4: Where do you live? / What does he do? / How old are you? / Who lives here? / Why do you study English? Mashq 5: Where do you live? / What does he do? / Why do you study English? / How old are you? / How do you go to work? Mashq 6: How many / How much / How much / How many / How much. Mashq 7: What / Which / What / Which.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

So'roq so'zlar: what, where, who, when, why, how, which, whose
Tartib:  So'roq so'z + do/does + ega + fe'l ?   (oddiy fe'l)
         So'roq so'z + am/is/are + ega ?          (to be)
how + : old / many / much / far / long / often
who/what EGA bo'lsa  do yo'q, fe'l +s: "Who lives here?"
Why...?  Because...

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• So'roq so'z gap boshida; do/does (yoki to be) saqlanadi.
• how boshqa so'z bilan birikadi (how old/many/much).
• who/what ega bo'lsa — do yo'q, fe'l +s.
• Why Because jufti.

Bog'lanish: so'roq so'zlar butun kurs davomida kengayadi — barcha zamonlarda savol qurish (A2: Where did you go?), bilvosita savollar (B1: I don't know where he lives), how + sifat kengayishi. Bu — muloqotning umurtqa pog'onasi.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 17-dars: there is / there are (bor / yo'q). Endi biror narsa "bor" yoki "yo'q"ligini aytishni o'rganamiz: There is a book on the table. There are two windows. — xona, shahar, ro'yxatni tasvirlash uchun.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Questions, Units 49–50); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Question words".