A1 — 14-dars: Present Simple (kundalik ish va doimiy haqiqat)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 14-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu — A1 ning eng muhim grammatik darsi: birinchi to'liq zamon — Present Simple (hozirgi oddiy zamon). U kundalik, takroriy ishlar (I work every day), doimiy haqiqat (Water boils at 100°) va odatlar ni bildiradi.

Real hayotda nega kerak: o'zingiz va boshqalar haqida gapirishning asosi — "Men nima qilaman", "U qayerda ishlaydi", "Biz dars boshlaymiz". Intervyuda: "I work as a developer. I use JavaScript every day." Bu zamonsiz oddiy kundalik suhbat ham qurolmaysiz.

O'xshatish: Present Simple — bu sizning hayotingizning "jadvali" (har kuni takrorlanadigan). Bir martalik, hozir bo'layotgan ish emas (u — Present Continuous, A2), balki odat va qoida.

Bu darsda eng muhim o'zbekona qiyinchilik: he / she / it bilan fe'lga -s qo'shish (he works). Buni boshidan to'g'ri o'rnatamiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 4-dars: olmoshlar (I/you/he/she/it/we/they); 5-dars: to be (am/is/are); 13-dars: vaqt iboralari (at 7, on Monday, in the morning).
• Tez mashq: He ___ (is) a teacher. They ___ (are) here. — to be ni eslang. Bugun boshqa fe'llar (work, live, like) bilan ishlaymiz.

Diqqat — chalkashmang: to be (am/is/are) — alohida; work, like, live kabi oddiy fe'llar — boshqa qoidaga bo'ysunadi (quyida). to be da -s yo'q.

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. Present Simple qachon ishlatiladi

1. Kundalik/takroriy ish (odat): I get up at 7 every day. — Har kuni 7 da turaman.
2. Doimiy haqiqat (fakt): The sun rises in the east. — Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
3. Jadval/dastur: The train leaves at 9. — Poyezd 9 da jo'naydi.
4. Doimiy holat: I live in Tashkent. She likes coffee.

Ko'pincha takror ravishlari bilan: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day (A2 da chuqur).

3.2. Asosiy tuzilish — fe'l shakli

Ijobiy gapda fe'l deyarli o'zgarmaydi — faqat he/she/it da -s qo'shiladi:

QOIDA (yodlang):
  I / you / we / they   fe'l O'ZGARMAYDI   (work, live, like)
  he / she / it         fe'l + S           (works, lives, likes)

Oltin qoida: "He, she, it — S qo'shilsin!" Bu — o'zbeklar eng ko'p unutadigan qoida. He work () He works ().

O'xshatish: -s — bu "uchinchi shaxs solig'i". I/you/we/they bepul; lekin he/she/it fe'lga doim bitta "s soliq" to'laydi.

3.3. -s / -es / -ies qo'shish qoidasi (he/she/it)

Ko'plik otlardagidek (9-dars) — uchta holat:

• Oddiy: +s works, lives, plays, eats
• -s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -o dan keyin: +es goes, does, watches, washes, finishes
• undosh + y: y ies study studies, fly flies (lekin play plays — unli+y)

work  works     go  goes        watch  watches
study  studies  play  plays     do  does

3.4. Maxsus 3-shaxs shakllari (yodlang)

have  has    (he has, not "haves")
go    goes
do    does   /dʌz/
be    is     (3-shaxs)

3.5. -s talaffuzi (otlardagidek — 9-dars)

/s/  tovushsizdan keyin:  works "wə:ks", likes "layks"
/z/  tovushli/unlidan keyin: lives "livz", plays "pleyz", goes "gouz"
/ɪz/ s/z/ch/sh dan keyin:  watches "wochiz", washes "woshiz"

Native siri: does "daz" va goes "gouz" — yozilishiga aldanmang (o "a"/"ou" bo'ladi).

3.6. Chastota (takror) ravishlari — qanchalik tez-tez?

Present Simple odat va takroriy ishni bildirgani uchun, uni ko'pincha qanchalik tez-tez bo'lishini ko'rsatuvchi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi. Bu ravishlar takrorlanish darajasini eng ko'pdan (100%) eng kamgacha (0%) tartibda quyidagicha:

always    (100%)  — doim, har doim
usually   (~90%)  — odatda
often     (~70%)  — tez-tez
sometimes (~50%)  — ba'zan
rarely    (~10%)  — kamdan-kam
never     (0%)    — hech qachon

Eng muhim qoida — o'rni: bu ravishlar oddiy fe'ldan oldin turadi (o'zbekchada esa fe'ldan oldin ham keladi, shuning uchun mantiq bir xil):

I always get up at 7.        — Men doim 7 da turaman.
She usually drinks tea.      — U odatda choy ichadi.
He often works late.         — U tez-tez kech ishlaydi.
We sometimes watch TV.       — Biz ba'zan televizor ko'ramiz.
They never eat meat.         — Ular hech qachon go'sht yemaydi.

Diqqat — bitta istisno: to be (am/is/are) bilan ravish fe'ldan keyin turadi: She is always late (fe'l is dan keyin), lekin She always comes late (oddiy fe'l comes dan oldin). Buni hozircha shunchaki eslab qo'ying.

Tez-tez xato: o'zbeklar ravishni gap oxiriga qo'yishga moyil (I get up at 7 always ). To'g'risi — fe'ldan oldin: I always get up at 7 ().

3.7. Vaqt iboralari — qachon takrorlanadi?

Ravishlardan tashqari, Present Simple muayyan vaqt iboralari bilan yuradi. Ular odatda gap oxirida (ba'zan boshida) turadi:

every day / every morning / every week   — har kuni / har tong / har hafta
on Mondays / on Fridays                   — dushanbalarda / juma kunlari
in the morning / in the evening           — ertalab / kechqurun
at 7 (o'clock) / at the weekend           — soat 7 da / dam olish kunlari
twice a week / three times a day          — haftasiga ikki marta / kuniga uch marta

I go to the gym every day.        — Har kuni sport zaliga boraman.
She works on Mondays.             — U dushanbalarda ishlaydi.
We study English twice a week.    — Biz haftasiga ikki marta inglizcha o'qiymiz.

Farq: chastota ravishi (always) fe'l oldiga, vaqt iborasi (every day) esa ko'pincha gap oxiriga tushadi. Ikkalasi bir gapda ham kelishi mumkin: I usually get up at 7 every day.

4. Misollar

I (you/we/they) — fe'l o'zgarmaydi:
  I work in an office.        — Men ofisda ishlayman.
  They live in Samarkand.     — Ular Samarqandda yashaydi.
  We study English.           — Biz inglizcha o'qiymiz.

he/she/it — +s:
  He works as a developer.    — U dasturchi bo'lib ishlaydi.
  She likes coffee.           — U kofeni yoqtiradi.
  My phone works well.        — Telefonim yaxshi ishlaydi.

doimiy haqiqat / jadval:
  The sun rises in the east.  — Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
  The shop opens at 9.        — Do'kon 9 da ochiladi.

chastota ravishi + vaqt iborasi bilan:
  I always drink coffee in the morning. — Ertalab doim kofe ichaman.
  She usually starts work at 8.         — U odatda ishni 8 da boshlaydi.
  He often plays football on Sundays.   — U yakshanbalarda tez-tez futbol o'ynaydi.
  We never work on holidays.            — Bayramlarda hech qachon ishlamaymiz.

(Inkor va savol — keyingi darsda, 15-dars: don't/doesn't, do/does.)

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• 3-shaxs -s: /s/ (works, likes), /z/ (lives, goes, plays), /ɪz/ (watches, finishes).
• does /dʌz/ "daz", goes /ɡəʊz/ "gouz", has /hæz/ "hez".
• studies "stadiz", finishes "finiʃiz".

Topshiriq: works, lives, goes, watches, studies, has — har birini ayting; -s tovushini to'g'ri tanlang. So'ng o'zingiz haqingizda "I work... I live... I study..." ni ovoz chiqarib ayting.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya: go to work/school/bed, get up early/late, have breakfast/lunch/dinner, watch TV. Butun ibora bo'lib yodlang.

7. O'qish matni — kundalik tartib (daily routine)

My name is Ali. I am a developer.        — Mening ismim Ali. Men dasturchiman.
I get up at seven o'clock every day.     — Har kuni soat 7 da turaman.
I have breakfast and go to work.         — Nonushta qilaman va ishga boraman.
I work in an office in Tashkent.         — Toshkentda, ofisda ishlayman.
I use JavaScript every day.              — Har kuni JavaScript ishlataman.
My friend Bek works with me.             — Do'stim Bek men bilan ishlaydi.
He likes coffee, but I like tea.         — U kofeni yoqtiradi, men choyni.
We finish at six and go home.            — 6 da tugatamiz va uyga boramiz.

Topshiriq: matndagi 3-shaxs fe'llarni (works, likes...) toping; nega -s borligini ayting. So'ng matnni o'zingiz haqingizda qayta yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• 3-shaxsda -s ni unutish: He work. She like coffee. It work. Sabab: o'zbekchada fe'l shaxsga qarab bunday o'zgarmaydi; -s tushunchasi yo'q. He work*s. She likes coffee. It works.* (eng ko'p xato!)

• I/you ga -s qo'shish: I works. You likes. I work. You like. (-s faqat he/she/it).

• have ni 3-shaxsda: He have a car. He has a car.

• to be + oddiy fe'lni aralashtirish: I am work. He is works. I work. / He works. (Present Simple da am/is kerak emas; to be alohida fe'l).

• Doimiy ish uchun Present Continuous: I am working every day (har kuni — odat). I work every day. (odat Present Simple; am working hozir bo'layotgan ish, A2).

• Chastota ravishini gap oxiriga qo'yish: I get up early always. She drinks tea usually. Sabab: o'zbekchada ravish erkinroq yurgani uchun, ingliz tilida ham oxiriga qo'ymoqchi bo'lasiz. I always get up early. She usually drinks tea. (ravish oddiy fe'ldan oldin).

• -y li fe'lda -es ni noto'g'ri qo'shish: He studys. She flys. He studie*s. She flies.* (undosh + y -ies), lekin play plays (unli + y, o'zgarmaydi).

Mini-mashq (ravish o'rni): ravishni to'g'ri joyga qo'ying — (often) He ___ works ___ late. · (never) They ___ eat ___ meat. · (usually) I ___ get up ___ at 7. Javob: He often works late. · They never eat meat. · I usually get up at 7. (Hamma ravish oddiy fe'ldan oldin.)

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Fe'lning to'g'ri shakli (Present Simple):

I ___ (work) in an office.      He ___ (live) in Samarkand.
She ___ (like) tea.             They ___ (study) English.
My phone ___ (work) well.       Ali ___ (go) to work by bus.
She ___ (have) two children.    We ___ (start) at nine.

Mashq 2. -s, -es yoki -ies? go ___, watch ___, study ___, play ___, do ___, finish ___

Mashq 3. -s talaffuzi (/s/, /z/, /ɪz/)? works = ___, lives = ___, watches = ___, goes = ___

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: He work in a bank., I likes coffee., She have a car., They studies English., I am work every day.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Men Toshkentda yashayman. = ___ U dasturchi bo'lib ishlaydi. = ___ Biz har kuni inglizcha o'qiymiz. = ___ U choyni yoqtiradi. = ___

Mashq 6. Gapni he/she ga aylantiring: I work in an office. He ___ They live here. She ___ We study English. He ___

Mashq 7. Chastota ravishini to'g'ri joyga qo'ying: (always) She ___ drinks ___ coffee. (often) We ___ watch ___ TV. (never) He ___ eats ___ fish. (usually) They ___ get up ___ early.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: Present Simple bilan o'z kundalik tartibingizni (daily routine) va boshqalar haqida xatosiz gapira olish.

Vazifa:

1. Yozish: kundalik tartibingizni 8 ta gap bilan yozing (I get up at... I go to... I work... I finish at...) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. 3-shaxs mashqi: oilangiz a'zosi yoki do'stingiz haqida 5 ta gap yozing (My father works... He likes... She gets up...) — diqqat: -s! Men aynan -s ni tekshiraman.
3. Rol o'yini: "Men haqimda so'ra" deb yozing — men Present Simple savollar beraman (15-darsdan keyin to'liq), siz odatlaringizni aytasiz.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• I/we bilan fe'l o'zgarmagan; he/she bilan -s qo'shilgan.
• Kamida bitta have has to'g'ri ishlatilgan.
• Vaqt iborasi qo'shilgan (at 7, every day — 13-dars).
• to be va oddiy fe'l aralashmagan (I work, I am work emas).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: work / lives / likes / study / works / goes / has / start. Mashq 2: goes, watches, studies, plays, does, finishes. Mashq 3: works /s/, lives /z/, watches /ɪz/, goes /z/. Mashq 4: He works in a bank. / I like coffee. / She has a car. / They study English. / I work every day. Mashq 5: I live in Tashkent. / He works as a developer. / We study English every day. / She likes tea. Mashq 6: He works in an office. / She lives here. / He studies English. Mashq 7: She always drinks coffee. / We often watch TV. / He never eats fish. / They usually get up early. (ravish oddiy fe'ldan oldin).

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Present Simple — odat, doimiy haqiqat, jadval.
  I / you / we / they    fe'l            (I work, they live)
  he / she / it          fe'l + S        (he works, she lives)
  +es: gogoes, watchwatches, dodoes
  +ies: studystudies     |     havehas
  -s talaffuzi: /s/ works | /z/ lives | /ɪz/ watches
  Ravish (always/usually/often/never)  oddiy fe'ldan OLDIN
  Vaqt iborasi (every day/on Mondays)  ko'pincha gap oxirida

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• Present Simple = takroriy ish, odat, doimiy haqiqat.
• he/she/it fe'l + s (eng muhim qoida!).
• have has, go goes, do does.
• to be (am/is/are) va oddiy fe'l — aralashmaydi.

Bog'lanish: Present Simple — barcha keyingi zamonlarning "nol nuqtasi". Keyingi dars uning inkor/savol shaklini (do/does) beradi; A2 da Present Continuous bilan solishtirasiz; takror ravishlari (always/usually) shu zamon bilan ishlaydi.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 15-dars: Present Simple — inkor (don't/doesn't) va savol (do/does). Endi "men ishlamayman", "u yoqtiradimi?" deyishni o'rganamiz — o'zbeklar uchun yangi tushuncha: yordamchi fe'l do/does.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Present Simple, Units 2–4); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Present simple".