A1 — 22-dars: have / have got (egalik)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 22-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda "menda ... bor" deyishning ikki usulini o'rganasiz: have va have got. I have a car / I've got a car — ikkalasi ham "mashinam bor".

Real hayotda nega kerak: egalikni (I have a laptop), oilani (I have two brothers), xususiyatni (She has blue eyes), kasallikni (I have a headache), vaqt/rejani (Do you have time?) — kundalik hayotning katta qismi shu fe'l bilan. Intervyu: "I have three years of experience."

O'xshatish: have — "egalik fe'li". 17-darsdagi there is "biror joyda bor" (mavjudlik), have esa "kimdadir bor" (egalik): There is a car (mashina bor) vs I have a car (menda mashina bor).

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 14-dars: Present Simple — have has (3-shaxs): He has a car.
• 10-dars: egalik olmoshlari (my, his) — have bilan birga: I have my book.
• Tez mashq: He ___ (have) a car. They ___ (have) two kids. (has / have).

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. have — Present Simple fe'li (14-15-dars qoidasi)

have oddiy fe'l sifatida 14-15-darsdagi qoidaga bo'ysunadi:

IJOBIY:  I/you/we/they have  |  he/she/it has
INKOR:   don't have          |  doesn't have
SAVOL:   Do ... have?        |  Does ... have?

I have a car.            — Mashinam bor.
She has two children.    — Uning ikkita farzandi bor.
I don't have a car.      — Mashinam yo'q.
He doesn't have time.    — Uning vaqti yo'q.
Do you have a pen?       — Ruchkangiz bormi?
Does she have a job?     — Uning ishi bormi?

Diqqat: inkor/savolda have (sof), has emas: Does he have? (Does he has ) — -s allaqachon does da (15-dars).

3.2. have got — ikkinchi usul (ko'proq BrE, og'zaki)

have got — xuddi shu ma'no ("bor"), lekin boshqa tuzilma. Bu yerda have — yordamchi (do/does kerak emas):

IJOBIY:  I have got (I've got)  |  he has got (he's got)
INKOR:   haven't got            |  hasn't got
SAVOL:   Have ... got?          |  Has ... got?

I've got a car.          — Mashinam bor.
She's got two children.  — Uning ikkita farzandi bor.
I haven't got a car.     — Mashinam yo'q.
Have you got a pen?      — Ruchkangiz bormi?
Has she got a job?       — Uning ishi bormi?

Native siri: have got — kundalik, og'zaki nutqda (ayniqsa Britaniyada) juda keng. I've got "ayv got". AmE ko'proq oddiy have ishlatadi. Ikkalasi to'g'ri — bittasini tanlang, lekin ikkalasini tanish.

Register (qaysi vaziyatda qaysi biri): have got — norasmiy, og'zaki, Britaniya inglizchasiga xos; do'stlar, chat, kundalik suhbat uchun. Oddiy have — universal: rasmiy yozuv, imtihon inshosi, ish xati, Amerika inglizchasi uchun mos. Ikkilanganingizda have ni tanlang — u hech qachon g'alati eshitilmaydi.

Muhim chegara: bu yerdagi have got faqat hozirgi egalikni anglatadi ("hozir menda bor"), o'tgan zamon emas. I've got a car = "mashinam bor", "mashina sotib oldim/oldim" degani emas. (B1 darajada have got ning butunlay boshqa, o'tgan zamon ma'nosi — Present Perfect — chiqadi; hozircha faqat "egalik" deb yodlang.)

3.3. Ikki usul — solishtirish

IJOBIY    I have a car.            I've got a car.
INKOR     I don't have a car.      I haven't got a car.
SAVOL     Do you have a car?       Have you got a car?
3-shaxs   She has a car.           She's got a car.

Oltin qoida: have do/does bilan (don't have, Does he have). have got got bilan (haven't got, Has he got). Aralashtirmang: Do you have got? ().

Qisqa javob. Savolga qanday so'ralgan bo'lsa, o'sha yordamchi bilan javob berasiz — bu 12-darsdagi qisqa javob qoidasining aynan o'zi. have got bilan so'ralsa, javobda ham have/haven't; oddiy have (do/does) bilan so'ralsa, javobda do/don't:

Have you got a car?  — Yes, I have.  / No, I haven't.
Has she got a job?   — Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.
Do you have a car?   — Yes, I do.    / No, I don't.
Does she have a job? — Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.

Diqqat: have got savoliga "Yes, I do" deb javob bermang — yordamchi have edi, shuning uchun "Yes, I have". Aksincha, Do you have? ga "Yes, I have" emas, "Yes, I do".

Mini-mashq (javobi bilan). Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring: Have you got a pen? — Yes, I ___. · Do you have a pen? — No, I ___.

Javob: have · don't.

3.4. have nimalar uchun ishlatiladi

3.5. have — "qilmoq" ma'nosida (got ISHLAMAYDI)

have ba'zi iboralarda "egalik" emas, "qilmoq" degani — bunda have got ishlatilmaydi:

have breakfast/lunch (nonushta/tushlik qilmoq)
have a shower (dush olmoq), have a break (tanaffus qilmoq)
have a good time (yaxshi vaqt o'tkazmoq)

I have breakfast at 8.    — Soat 8 da nonushta qilaman. (I've got breakfast )
We have a meeting today.  — Bugun yig'ilishimiz bor / yig'ilish qilamiz.
I have a shower every day. — Har kuni dush olaman.

Oson test: agar "bor" o'rniga bemalol "qilmoq/o'tkazmoq" deb aytish mumkin bo'lsa — bu "qilmoq" ma'nosidagi have, unga got qo'shilmaydi va u do/does bilan ishlaydi: Do you have breakfast early? (Have you got breakfast ). Aksincha, "menda ... bor" (egalik) bo'lsa — ikkala usul ham mumkin.

4. Misollar

have (oddiy fe'l):
  I have a new phone.        — Yangi telefonim bor.
  He has a big family.       — Uning katta oilasi bor.
  Do you have any questions? — Savollaringiz bormi?

have got:
  I've got a headache.       — Boshim og'riyapti.
  She's got long hair.       — Uning uzun sochi bor.
  Have you got a minute?     — Bir daqiqa vaqtingiz bormi?

have = qilmoq:
  We have lunch at one.      — Soat birda tushlik qilamiz.
  Have a good day!           — Kuningiz yaxshi o'tsin!

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• have /hæv/ "hev", has /hæz/ "hez", have got "həv got", I've got /aɪv ɡɒt/ "ayv got", he's got "hi:z got".
• haven't /ˈhævnt/ "hevnt", hasn't /ˈhæznt/ "heznt".

Native siri: have got og'zaki nutqda qisqaradi: I've got ba'zan "I got" (juda norasmiy, AmE). Yozma/rasmiy: to'liq I have.

Topshiriq: I have / I've got / Do you have? / Have you got? ni ayting; ikki tuzilmani mashq qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya: have a headache/a cold/a temperature (kasallik), have breakfast/a shower/a break (qilmoq), have time/money/a question. Have a good day/weekend! (tilak).

7. Dialog — tanishuv (oila va xususiyat)

A: Have you got a big family?           — Katta oilang bormi?
B: Yes, I have. I've got two brothers and a sister. — Ha. Ikki akam va singlim bor.
A: Do they have children?               — Ularning farzandlari bormi?
B: My brother has a son. He's got blue eyes, like me. — Akamning o'g'li bor. U menga o'xshab ko'k ko'zli.
A: Nice! Have you got a photo?          — Zo'r! Surating bormi?
B: Sorry, I don't have my phone now.    — Kechirasiz, hozir telefonim yo'q.
A: No problem. Have a good day!         — Muammosiz. Kuningiz yaxshi o'tsin!

Topshiriq: dialogda have va have got ni belgilang; o'z oilangiz haqida ikki usulda ham yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• have got ni do/does bilan: Do you have got a car? She doesn't has got. Sabab: ikki tuzilmani aralashtirish. Have you got a car? (got have yordamchi) yoki Do you have a car? (oddiy fe'l). Bittasini tanlang.

• 3-shaxsda have: He have a car. She have got. He has a car. She's got (has got).

• Inkor/savolda has: Does he has a car? Does he have a car? (-s does da).

• "menda bor" ni there is bilan: There is me a car. I have a car. (egalik have; mavjudlik there is).

• Yoshni have bilan (6-dars): I have 19 years. I am 19. (yosh — to be, have emas).

• Artiklsiz sanaladigan ot: I have car. She's got sister. Sabab: o'zbekchada artikl yo'q, shuning uchun tushib qoladi. I have a car. She's got a sister. (bitta sanaladigan narsa oldida a/an — 16-dars).

• Qisqa javobda yordamchini aralashtirish: Have you got a car? — Yes, I do. Have you got a car? — Yes, I have. (savol have got bilan javob have; Do you have...? bo'lsagina Yes, I do).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. have yoki has?

I ___ a laptop.     He ___ two sisters.    They ___ a big house.
She ___ blue eyes.  We ___ a question.     It ___ four legs.

Mashq 2. have got bilan qayta yozing: I have a car. ___ She has long hair. ___ Do you have a pen? ___

Mashq 3. Inkor qiling (ikki usul): I have a car. (have) ___ / (have got) ___ He has time. (have) ___ / (have got) ___

Mashq 4. To'g'rilang: He have a car., Do you have got a pen?, Does she has a job?, I have 19 years., She don't have time.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga (ikki usulda): Mashinam bor. = ___ / ___ Uning ikkita akasi bor. = ___ / ___ Vaqtingiz bormi? = ___ / ___ Boshim og'riyapti. = ___

Mashq 6. Qisqa javob bering (savoldagi yordamchiga qarab): Have you got a bike? — Yes, ___. Do you have a bike? — No, ___. Has she got children? — Yes, ___. Does he have a job? — No, ___.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: have va have got bilan egalik, oila va xususiyatni xatosiz ifodalash.

Vazifa:

1. Yozish: oilangiz va narsalaringiz haqida 8 ta gap yozing — 4 tasini have, 4 tasini have got bilan (I have a laptop. I've got two brothers...) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Savol mashqi: menga have/have got bilan 5 ta savol bering (Do you have...? Have you got...?).
3. Intervyu: "Tajriba haqida so'ra" deb yozing — men Do you have experience? deb so'rayman, siz I have... / I've got... bilan javob berasiz.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• have (do/does bilan) va have got (got bilan) aralashmagan.
• 3-shaxsda has / has got to'g'ri.
• Inkor/savolda have (sof, has emas).
• Yosh to be bilan (I'm 19, I have 19 emas).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: have / has / have / has / have / has. Mashq 2: I've got a car. / She's got long hair. / Have you got a pen? Mashq 3: I don't have a car. / I haven't got a car. — He doesn't have time. / He hasn't got time. Mashq 4: He has a car. / Have you got a pen? (Do you have a pen?) / Does she have a job? / I'm 19. / She doesn't have time. Mashq 5: I have a car. / I've got a car. — He has two brothers. / He's got two brothers. — Do you have time? / Have you got time? — I have a headache. (I've got a headache.) Mashq 6: Yes, I have. / No, I don't. / Yes, she has. / No, he doesn't.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

"menda ... bor" = have / have got (bir xil ma'no, ikki tuzilma)
  have (oddiy fe'l):  I have | he has | don't/doesn't have | Do/Does ... have?
  have got (yordamchi): I've got | he's got | haven't/hasn't got | Have/Has ... got?
  ARALASHTIRMA: "Do you have got?" ()
  have = qilmoq (got YO'Q): have breakfast/a shower/a break
  Yosh: I'm 19 (to be), "I have 19" emas

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• have (do/does bilan) va have got (got bilan) — bir ma'no, ikki yo'l.
• 3-shaxs: has / has got; inkor/savolda have (sof).
• have = "qilmoq" iboralarda got ishlatilmaydi.
• Egalik have; mavjudlik there is.

Bog'lanish: have A2 da o'tgan zamonda had ga aylanadi; B1 da have/has — Present Perfect yordamchisi bo'ladi (I have worked — butunlay boshqa funksiya, lekin shakl o'sha). Bu — eng ko'p ishlatiladigan fe'llardan.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 23-dars: Asosiy so'z mavzulari (oila, ranglar, tana, kiyim, ovqat, uy, kasblar, ob-havo). Endi grammatikadan tanaffus — A1 davomida kerak bo'lgan eng muhim so'z to'plamlarini mavzular bo'yicha tizimlashtiramiz.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (have got, Unit 9); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "have got / have".