A1 — 12-dars: Sonlar, narx va telefon raqami

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 12-dars

1. Dars nomi va maqsad

Bu darsda sonlarni to'liq o'rganasiz (0 dan minggacha va undan ortiq), narxni aytishni (How much is it? — It's twenty dollars) va telefon raqamini o'qishni. Sonlar — xarid, vaqt, yosh, narx, sana — kundalik hayotning har joyida kerak.

Bu darsdan keyin siz har qanday sonni inglizcha ayta olasiz va narx/telefon haqida gaplasha olasiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 11-dars: this/that/these/those; this is / these are.
• Tez mashq: ___ is a pen (yaqin), ___ are cars (uzoq, ko'plik).

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. 0–20 (yodlash kerak)

3.2. O'nliklar (10, 20, 30...) va 21–99

O'nliklar:

10 ten      20 twenty    30 thirty    40 forty (diqqat: "u" yo'q!)
50 fifty    60 sixty     70 seventy   80 eighty   90 ninety

21–99 — o'nlik + chiziqcha + birlik:

21 twenty-one     35 thirty-five     48 forty-eight
67 sixty-seven    99 ninety-nine

Diqqat: forty (40) — "u" YO'Q (four bor, lekin forty)! Va -teen (13–19) vs -ty (o'nliklar) urg'usi: thirTEEN (13) vs THIRty (30).

3.3. Yuzliklar, minglar

100  one hundred / a hundred
101  one hundred and one (BrE: "and")
200  two hundred
250  two hundred and fifty
1,000  one thousand / a thousand
1,500  one thousand five hundred (yoki fifteen hundred)
10,000 ten thousand
1,000,000 one million

Diqqat: hundred, thousand, million — son bilan birga bo'lsa -s OLMAYDI: two hundred (two hundreds ). Lekin "yuzlab" umumiy ma'noda: hundreds of people (-s bilan).

Yana bir muhim nuqta — katta sonlarni bo'laklab o'qing. 2,500 ni "two thousand five hundred" deb, ya'ni avval mingni, keyin yuzni aytamiz. Vergul (ingliz tilida minglikni ajratadigan belgi — 2,500, biz o'zbekchada nuqta yoki bo'sh joy qo'yamiz) o'qishga yordam beradi: har vergul "thousand" yoki "million" chegarasi. Britaniya inglizchasida yuzlik va undan keyingi son orasiga and qo'shiladi: 365 "three hundred and sixty-five"; Amerika inglizchasida and ko'pincha tushib qoladi: "three hundred sixty-five". Ikkalasi ham to'g'ri, xavotir olmang.

3.3a. Tartib sonlar (ordinal — birinchi, ikkinchi...)

Yuqoridagi sonlar sanoq son (cardinal) — nechta ekanini bildiradi (one, two, three). Endi tartib son (ordinal) kerak — nechanchi ekanini bildiradi (first, second, third — birinchi, ikkinchi, uchinchi). Ular ayniqsa sana aytishda muhim (keyingi darsda sana chuqur ko'riladi, hozir asosini o'rganib qo'yamiz).

Ko'pchilik tartib son sanoq songa -th qo'shib yasaladi (o'qilishi /θ/ — til uchini tishlar orasiga qo'yib chiqariladigan tovush): four fourth (to'rtinchi), ten tenth (o'ninchi), sixteen sixteenth. Lekin uchta tartib son umuman boshqacha — ularni yod olish shart:

1st  first     (one emas!)
2nd  second    (two emas!)
3rd  third     (three emas!)
4th  fourth
5th  fifth     (five  fifth, "v" tushadi)
6th  sixth
7th  seventh
8th  eighth    (eight + th, "t" bitta)
9th  ninth     (nine  ninth, "e" tushadi)
10th tenth

O'nliklardan tartib son yasaganda oxirgi -y -ie bo'ladi: twenty twentieth (yigirmanchi), thirty thirtieth. Qo'shma sonlarda esa faqat oxirgi qism tartib songa aylanadi: 21st twenty-first, 32nd thirty-second, 43rd forty-third.

Diqqat: yozuvda qisqartma raqamning oxirgi tovushiga qarab tanlanadi: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, keyin hammasi -th (4th, 11th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th...). 11th, 12th, 13th — bular -th (eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth), "1st, 2nd, 3rd" qoidasiga kirmaydi.

3.4. Narx (prices)

How much is it?       — Qancha turadi?
How much are they?    — Ular qancha turadi?
It's five dollars.    — Besh dollar.
It's twenty euros.    — Yigirma yevro.
It's 1,500 so'm.      — 1500 so'm.

Pul birliklari: dollar(s) $, euro(s) €, pound(s) £. Diqqat: belgi son oldida yoziladi ($5, £20), lekin keyin o'qiladi — "five dollars", "twenty pounds". Ya'ni ko'z bilan chapdan o'ngga o'qimang; avval sonni, keyin pul nomini ayting.

Butun va mayda pul (tiyin). Har pul birligining maydasi bor: dollar sent (cent), yevro sent, funt penni (penny, ko'plikda pence). O'zbek so'mining o'z maydasi (tiyin) amalda ishlatilmaydi, shuning uchun bu tushuncha o'zbek o'quvchiga biroz notanish. Ingliz tilida narxni ikki xil o'qish mumkin:

$5.99    "five dollars ninety-nine"   (to'liq)
$5.99    "five ninety-nine"           (qisqa, kundalik)
£3.50    "three pounds fifty"
£0.75    "seventy-five pence" / "seventy-five p" (og'zaki "pi")

Nuqta (.) bu yerda kasr emas, balki butun va tiyinni ajratadi — $5.99 "besh dollar to'qson to'qqiz sent" degani, "besh butun to'qson to'qqiz" emas. Qisqa o'qishda pul nomini takrorlamaymiz: "five ninety-nine" — do'kon va bozorda eng ko'p eshitiladigan shakl.

O'zbek so'mi. So'mning inglizcha talaffuzi yo'q — uni shunchaki "som" deb aytamiz va odatda ko'plik qo'shimchasi qo'ymaymiz: It's twenty thousand so'm (yigirma ming so'm). So'm miqdori katta bo'lgani uchun "thousand" va "million" ko'p ishlatiladi: 50,000 so'm "fifty thousand so'm".

Diqqat: narx so'raganda birlik/ko'plikka e'tibor bering — bitta narsa uchun How much is it?, bir nechta narsa uchun How much are they? Javobda esa narx har doim It's... bilan boshlanadi, chunki narx bir butun summa: They're two dollars each (har biri) yoki It's twenty dollars (jami).

3.5. Telefon raqami

Telefon raqami raqam-raqam o'qiladi (butun son emas!):

99 123 45 67  "nine nine, one two three, four five, six seven"
0  "oh" (yoki "zero")
00  "double oh" / "oh oh"

What's your phone number?  — Telefon raqamingiz nima?
It's 90 123 45 67.         — (raqamlab o'qiladi)

Diqqat: telefonda 123 ni "one hundred twenty-three" DEYILMAYDI — "one two three" (alohida).

Nol — "oh" yoki "zero". Telefon raqamida 0 ko'pincha "oh" deb o'qiladi (ingliz alifbosidagi O harfi kabi) — bu og'zaki, tez shakl. Rasmiy holatda yoki xato bo'lmasligi uchun "zero" deyish ham to'g'ri. Ikkalasi ham qabul qilinadi.

Takror raqamlar — "double" va "triple". Ketma-ket kelgan bir xil raqamni ingliz tilida ko'pincha double (ikkita) yoki triple (uchta) so'zi bilan qisqartiradi:

77     "double seven"          (yoki "seven seven")
00     "double oh"
555    "triple five"           (yoki "five five five")
900 700  "nine double oh, seven double oh"

Bu majburiy emas — har raqamni alohida ("seven seven") aytsangiz ham to'g'ri, lekin britaniyaliklar double ni juda ko'p ishlatadi, shuning uchun uni tanib olish muhim.

Guruhlash va pauza. Telefon raqamini bir tekis emas, kichik guruhlarga bo'lib, orasida qisqa pauza bilan o'qing (90 — 123 — 45 — 67). Bu tinglovchiga yozib olishga yordam beradi. Har raqamni aniq va sekin ayting.

3.6. Nol turli o'rinlarda; yosh

Nolni o'qishning bir necha yo'li bor — kontekstga qarab o'zgaradi (bu o'zbek o'quvchi uchun kutilmagan, chunki o'zbekchada har doim "nol"):

• zero — umumiy, matematik, harorat: zero degrees (nol daraja), The temperature is zero.
• oh (/oʊ/) — telefon raqami, xona raqami, yil: room two oh five (205-xona).
• nil — futbol va boshqa sport hisobida (Britaniya): The score is two-nil (2:0).
• love — faqat tennis hisobida: forty-love (40:0).

Kundalik A1 darajada sizga eng ko'p "zero" va "oh" kerak bo'ladi; nil va love — sport uchun, tanib qo'ying, esda tutish shart emas.

Yosh (age). Yoshni aytishda ingliz tili be fe'lini ishlatadi (o'zbekchada "men 20 yoshdaman" — fe'lsiz, lekin inglizchada am/is/are kerak):

I am twenty (years old).   — Men yigirma yoshdaman.
She is five (years old).   — U besh yoshda.
How old are you?           — Necha yoshdasiz?
He's forty-five.           — U qirq besh yoshda.

years old qismini tushirib qoldirsa ham bo'ladi — "I'm twenty" kifoya. Muhim xato: o'zbek o'quvchilar ko'pincha be fe'lini tushirib "I twenty" deb qo'yishadi yoki have ishlatishadi (I have twenty years — bu ba'zi tillardan kalka, ingliz tilida noto'g'ri). Faqat: I am twenty.

4. Misollar

I have two brothers and three sisters.   — Ikki akam va uch singlim bor.
There are thirty students in my class.   — Sinfimda o'ttiz talaba bor.
This book is fifteen dollars.            — Bu kitob o'n besh dollar.
My phone number is 91 234 56 78.         — (nine one, two three four...)
He is forty-five years old.              — U qirq besh yoshda.
The car is twenty thousand dollars.      — Mashina yigirma ming dollar.
How much is this shirt? — It's £25.      — Bu ko'ylak qancha? — 25 funt.
The coffee is three pounds fifty.        — Kofe uch funt ellik penni.
This is my second cup of tea.            — Bu ikkinchi choyim.
January is the first month of the year.  — Yanvar — yilning birinchi oyi.
Two hundred and fifty people came.       — Ikki yuz ellik kishi keldi.
My office is on the ninth floor.         — Ofisim to'qqizinchi qavatda.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• -teen vs -ty (ENG KENG TARQALGAN XATO): thirTEEN (13) va THIRty (30) deyarli bir xil eshitiladi — farq faqat urg'uda va oxirgi tovushda. 13 da urg'u oxirgi bo'g'inda (thir-TEEN), oxiri kuchli "-n" bilan tugaydi. 30 da urg'u birinchi bo'g'inda (THIR-ty), oxiri yumshoq "-i" bilan tugaydi. Tinglovchi uchun bu farqni sezish qiyin, shuning uchun narx yoki miqdorda chalkashlik chiqsa, aniqlashtiring: "thirteen — one three" yoki "thirty — three oh". Xaridda 15 ($15) o'rniga 50 ($50) tushunilishi katta xato bo'lishi mumkin! Juftliklar: fourteen–forty, fifteen–fifty, sixteen–sixty, seventeen–seventy, eighteen–eighty, nineteen–ninety — hammasini juft-juft mashq qiling.
• forty (40) — "fo:ti", "u" yo'q! four (4) va fourteen (14) da "u" bor, lekin forty (40) da yo'q. Bu imloda ham (fourty forty ), talaffuzda ham shunday.
• three /θ/ — til uchini tishlar orasiga qo'yib chiqariladi (o'zbekcha "s" yoki "t" emas). thirteen, thirty, thousand, third, fifth — hammasida shu /θ/ tovushi.
• eight — "eyt" (o'rtadagi gh mutlaqo jim), eighteen — "eyti:n", eighty — "eyti".
• hundred — "handrəd" (birinchi bo'g'in urg'uli), thousand — "θauzənd".
• Telefon: har raqamni aniq, pauza bilan ayting; shoshmang.

Topshiriq: 13–30, 14–40, 15–50, 16–60 juftlarini ayting (urg'uni ajrating); telefon raqamingizni inglizcha o'qing.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

7. Dialog — xaridda

A: Hello! How much is this book?       — Salom! Bu kitob qancha?
B: It's twelve dollars.                — O'n ikki dollar.
A: And how much are these pens?        — Bu ruchkalar qancha?
B: They're two dollars each.           — Har biri ikki dollar.
A: OK. I want the book and three pens. — Mayli. Kitob va uchta ruchka olaman.
B: That's eighteen dollars, please.    — O'n sakkiz dollar bo'ladi.
A: Here you are. What's your phone number? — Mana. Telefon raqamingiz nima?
B: It's 90 123 45 67.                  — (raqamlab)

Topshiriq: dialogni o'ynang; narxlarni o'zgartirib qayta mashq qiling.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• -teen va -ty ni adashtirish: fifteen (15) o'rniga fifty (50). Urg'uga e'tibor: fifTEEN (15) vs FIFty (50). Xaridda muhim!

• forty ni "fourty" yozish/aytish. forty (40 — "u" yo'q).

• Telefonni butun son qilib o'qish: 123 "one hundred twenty-three". Raqamlab: "one two three".

• hundred/thousand ga -s son bilan: two hundreds dollars. two hundred dollars (son bilan -s yo'q).

• How much ni ko'plikda noto'g'ri: How much are it? How much is it? (birlik) / How much are they? (ko'plik).

• Yoshni fe'lsiz yoki have bilan: I twenty / I have twenty years. I am twenty (years old). (yoshda har doim am/is/are).

• Tartib sonni sanoq son bilan aralashtirish: my two book (ikkinchi kitob ma'nosida). my second book (ikkinchi) — nechanchi bo'lsa first/second/third... .

• Narxni chapdan o'ngga o'qish: $5 "dollar five". Avval son, keyin pul: "five dollars".

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Sonni so'z bilan yozing: 7 = ___, 15 = ___, 30 = ___, 42 = ___, 100 = ___, 1,000 = ___

Mashq 2. -teen yoki -ty? (tinglab/o'qib): 13 = ___, 30 = ___, 15 = ___, 50 = ___, 19 = ___, 90 = ___

Mashq 3. Narxni yozing: $5 = ___, $12 = ___, $20 = ___, $99 = ___

Mashq 4. Telefon raqamini so'z bilan: 90 123 45 67 = ___

Mashq 5. To'g'rilang: fourty dollars, two hundreds people, How much are it?, My number is one hundred twenty-three...

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Bu qancha turadi? = ___ O'n besh dollar. = ___ U qirq besh yoshda. = ___ Sinfimda o'ttiz talaba bor. = ___

Mashq 7. Tartib son (raqamni so'z bilan yozing): 1st = ___, 2nd = ___, 3rd = ___, 5th = ___, 9th = ___, 21st = ___

Mashq 8. Narxni o'qing (so'z bilan): $3.50 = ___, £10 = ___, £0.99 = ___, 20,000 so'm = ___

Mashq 9. Telefon raqamini double/oh bilan qisqaroq o'qing: 0 77 90 0 = ___

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

1. Xarid rol o'yini: "Do'konga keldim" deb yozing — men sotuvchiman, siz narx so'raysiz va xarid qilasiz (How much is...? I want...). Men javob beraman.
2. Yozish: o'zingiz haqingizda sonlar bilan 5 ta gap yozing (yosh, oilada nechta kishi, telefon raqami...) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: seven, fifteen, thirty, forty-two, one hundred, one thousand. Mashq 2: thirteen, thirty, fifteen, fifty, nineteen, ninety. Mashq 3: five dollars, twelve dollars, twenty dollars, ninety-nine dollars. Mashq 4: nine oh (zero), one two three, four five, six seven. Mashq 5: forty dollars / two hundred people / How much is it? / My number is one two three... Mashq 6: How much is it? / It's fifteen dollars. / He's forty-five (years old). / There are thirty students in my class. Mashq 7: first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twenty-first. Mashq 8: three pounds fifty (yoki three fifty) / ten pounds / ninety-nine pence (yoki ninety-nine p) / twenty thousand so'm. Mashq 9: "oh, double seven, nine oh, oh" (yoki har raqamni alohida: "zero seven seven nine zero zero").

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

• Sonlar: 0–20 (yodlash), o'nliklar (twenty, thirty... forty — "u" yo'q), 21–99 (chiziqcha: twenty-one), yuz/ming/million (son bilan -s yo'q).
• -teen (13–19) vs -ty (o'nlik) — urg'u farqi (xaridda muhim, eng keng xato).
• Tartib son: first, second, third, keyin -th (fourth, fifth...) — sana va tartib uchun.
• Narx: How much is it? — It's twenty dollars. Belgi son oldida yozilib, keyin o'qiladi; tiyin: $5.99 "five ninety-nine", £3.50 "three pounds fifty".
• Telefon: raqamlab (one two three), 0 "oh" yoki "zero", takror raqam double/triple.
• Yosh: I am twenty (fe'lsiz yoki have bilan emas).

Keyingi dars — A1 — 13-dars: Sana, hafta kunlari, oylar va vaqt. Endi vaqtni aytishni o'rganamiz: hafta kunlari, oylar, soat necha bo'lganini (What time is it? — It's half past three) — uchrashuv, jadval va kundalik hayot uchun.