A1 — 17-dars: there is / there are (bor / yo'q)

A1 — BOSHLANG'ICH · 17-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda biror narsaning bor yoki yo'qligini aytishni o'rganasiz: there is / there are. There is a book on the table (Stolda kitob bor), There are two windows (Ikkita deraza bor).

Real hayotda nega kerak: xonani, uyni, shaharni, ro'yxatni tasvirlash uchun shart. Mehmonxonada "Is there Wi-Fi? Are there any restaurants near here?"; ish joyida "There is a bug in the code", "There are three tasks left". "Bor/yo'q" tushunchasisiz atrofingizni ta'riflay olmaysiz.

O'xshatish: there is/are — bu "mavjudlik e'loni". O'zbekcha "bor" so'zining inglizcha muqobili. "Stolda kitob bor" "There is a book on the table". Diqqat: bu yerdagi there "u yerda" degani EMAS — bu maxsus tuzilma.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 5-dars: to be (is/are) — there is/are aynan shuning ustiga quriladi.
• 9-dars: ko'plik (one book / two books) — is (birlik) va are (ko'plik) tanlash uchun kerak.
• Tez mashq: one window ko'plik? (two windows). a book are/is?

3. Asosiy tushuntirish

3.1. there is va there are — qaysi birini tanlash

Otning soniga qarab:

there is  + birlik ot / sanalmaydigan   (bitta narsa "bor")
there are + ko'plik ot                  (ko'p narsa "bor")

There is a book on the table.   — Stolda (bitta) kitob bor.
There is some water in the cup. — Piyolada suv bor. (sanalmaydigan)
There are two books on the table. — Stolda ikkita kitob bor.
There are many people here.     — Bu yerda ko'p odam bor.

Diqqat: there is = "bor" (birlik), there are = "bor" (ko'plik). O'zbekcha "bor" ikkalasiga bir xil — tanlash otga bog'liq.

Bu yerda tushunish uchun eng muhim narsa: is/are ni o'zingizga (gapiruvchiga) qarab EMAS, undan keyin keladigan otga qarab tanlaysiz. Ot bitta bo'lsa — is, ko'p bo'lsa — are. O'zbek tilida bu farq yo'q: "bir kitob bor" ham, "ikki kitob bor" ham bir xil "bor" bilan tugaydi. Shuning uchun o'zbek o'quvchi ko'pincha ikkalasiga ham there is deb qo'yadi — bu eng keng tarqalgan xato. Har safar is yoki are yozishdan oldin "keyingi ot bittami yoki ko'pmi?" deb o'zingizga savol bering.

Yana bir nuqta: sanalmaydigan otlar (water, money, time, milk) doim birlik kabi ishlaydi, shuning uchun ular oldida ham there is ishlatiladi — There is water, There is some milk, hech qachon "there are water" emas.

3.2. Qisqartma

there is   there's   (There's a problem.)
there are  (qisqarmaydi; "there're" yozilmaydi, og'zaki kam)

Amalda tirik nutqda there is dan ko'ra there's ancha ko'p eshitiladi. Deyarli har bir ona tili so'zlashuvchi "There is a problem" o'rniga tabiiy ravishda "There's a problem" deydi. Shuning uchun there's ni "chala/dangasa" shakl deb o'ylamang — bu odatiy, normal og'zaki shakl. Rasmiy yozuvda (masalan, rasmiy xat, insho) to'liq there is yozgan ma'qul, lekin gaplashuvda va oddiy yozishmalarda there's butunlay o'rinli.

Diqqat: there's faqat birlik bilan ishlaydi. Ba'zi o'quvchilar og'zaki nutqda "there's two books" deb ham qo'yishadi, lekin bu grammatik jihatdan noto'g'ri — ko'plik uchun to'liq there are aytish kerak: There are two books.

3.3. Inkor — there isn't / there aren't

There isn't a TV in my room.    — Xonamda televizor yo'q.
There aren't any chairs here.   — Bu yerda stullar yo'q.

some va any: ijobiy gapda ko'plik/sanalmaydigan oldidan ko'pincha some ("bir oz, bir nechta") ishlatiladi: There are some books. There is some water. Inkor va savolda esa any ga o'zgaradi: There aren't any books. Is there any water? Ya'ni bitta oddiy qoida: ijobiy some, inkor/savol any. Bu farqni A2 da chuqurroq o'rganasiz, hozircha shu qolipni yodda tuting.

Diqqat: some/any faqat aniq son aytmaganda kerak ("bir oz suv", "biroz kitob"). Agar aniq son bo'lsa (two books, three chairs), some/any ishlatilmaydi — to'g'ridan-to'g'ri son qo'yiladi: There are two books (not "there are some two books").

3.4. Savol — Is there / Are there

there va is/are o'rin almashadi:

Is there a bank near here?   — Yaqin atrofda bank bormi?
Are there any restaurants?   — Restoranlar bormi?

Qisqa javob:

Is there a bank?    Yes, there is.  / No, there isn't.
Are there shops?    Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

3.5. Sanoq savoli — How many ... are there?

"Nechta ... bor?" deb sonini so'ramoqchi bo'lsangiz, How many + ko'plik ot + are there tuzilmasi ishlatiladi:

How many students are there in the class? — Sinfda nechta o'quvchi bor?
How many rooms are there in your house?   — Uyingizda nechta xona bor?

Diqqat qiling: gap oxirida are there keladi (savol tartibi), boshida esa How many + ot. Javobda oddiy There is/are qaytadi:

How many chairs are there? — There are four (chairs). — Nechta stul bor? — To'rtta.

O'zbek o'quvchi ko'pincha "How many students there are" deb noto'g'ri tartib beradi — savolda are there joyi almashishini unutmang. How many har doim ko'plik sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi, shuning uchun deyarli har doim are there (birlik is there emas).

3.6. there is/are vs it is / they are — chalkashmang!

There is a book.  — (Bitta) kitob BOR.     (mavjudlik — birinchi marta)
It is a book.     — Bu kitob (o'sha narsa). (aniqlash — 11-dars)

Oltin qoida: birinchi marta "bor" deyotganda there is/are. Keyin o'sha narsani ta'riflaganda it/they: There is a cat. It is black. (Mushuk bor. U qora.)

Bu farq boshlang'ich o'quvchilar uchun eng qiyin joylardan biri, chunki o'zbek tilida ikkalasi ham "bor" yoki "u" bilan aralashib ketishi mumkin. Farqni his qilish uchun soddaroq qoida: there is/are — narsaning mavjudligini e'lon qiladi (dunyoda, joyda shu narsa BOR), it is / they are esa allaqachon ma'lum narsani ta'riflaydi (u qanaqa, u nima). Odatiy ketma-ketlik shunday: avval there is bilan tanishtirasiz, keyin it/they bilan tafsilotini aytasiz:

There is a new cafe near my house. It is very cheap. — Uyim yaqinida yangi kafe bor. U juda arzon.
There are two guests. They are from Turkey.          — Ikki mehmon bor. Ular Turkiyadan.

Oddiy sinov: gapni "... bor" deb tarjima qila olsangiz — there is/are. "U/bu ...dir" deb tarjima qilsangiz — it is / they are. Xato ko'rinishi: It is a book on the table (noto'g'ri, "stolda kitob bor" demoqchi bo'lsangiz) to'g'risi There is a book on the table.

3.7. Ro'yxatda — birinchi otga qarab

Ro'yxat sanaganda, birinchi ot soni is/are ni belgilaydi (norasmiy nutqda):

There is a table, two chairs and a lamp. — (birinchi: a table  is)

4. Misollar

IJOBIY:
  There is a problem.            — Muammo bor.
  There's a cat in the garden.   — Bog'da mushuk bor.
  There are four seasons.        — To'rt fasl bor.

INKOR:
  There isn't a lift in the building. — Binoda lift yo'q.
  There aren't any tickets.      — Chiptalar yo'q.

SAVOL + javob:
  Is there Wi-Fi here? — Yes, there is. — Bu yerda Wi-Fi bormi? — Ha.
  Are there any cafes? — No, there aren't. — Kafelar bormi? — Yo'q.

Mini-mashq (o'zingizni sinang): bo'sh joyga is yoki are qo'ying, keyin javob bilan solishtiring.

1. There ___ a shop near here. 2. There ___ three cats. 3. There ___ some milk in the fridge. 4. How many books ___ there? 5. There ___ many people at the party.

Javoblar: 1. is (birlik: a shop) · 2. are (ko'plik: three cats) · 3. is (sanalmaydigan: milk) · 4. are (ko'plik: books) · 5. are (ko'plik: many people).

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

• there /ðeə/ "ðeə" (th tovushli; their/they're bilan bir xil eshitiladi — 10-dars).
• there's /ðeəz/ "ðeəz", there are tez nutqda "ðeərə".
• isn't "iznt", aren't "a:nt".
• Is there...? "iz ðeə" (ohang ko'tariladi ).

Topshiriq: There is / There are / Is there? / Are there? ni ayting; "There's a problem. Are there any questions?" ni mashq qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya: There's a problem (muammo bor), Is there any...? (... bormi?), There's no... (umuman yo'q — There's no time).

7. O'qish matni — xonani tasvirlash

This is my room.                       — Bu mening xonam.
There is a bed near the window.        — Deraza yonida karavot bor.
There is a desk and a chair.           — Stol va stul bor.
On the desk, there is a computer.      — Stolda kompyuter bor.
There are many books on the shelf.     — Tokchada ko'p kitob bor.
There aren't any pictures on the wall. — Devorda rasmlar yo'q.
There is a small carpet on the floor.  — Polda kichik gilam bor.
It is a nice, quiet room.              — Bu chiroyli, tinch xona. (it — endi aniq)

Topshiriq: matndagi there is/are va it is ni belgilang; nega farqlanganini ayting. So'ng o'z xonangizni shunday tasvirlang.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• is/are ni otga qarab tanlamaslik: There is two books. There are a problem. Sabab: o'zbekcha "bor" birlik/ko'plikka bir xil. There are two books. There is a problem.

• there ni tushirish yoki "have" ishlatish: Is a book on the table. In my room have a bed. There is a book... There is a bed in my room. Sabab: o'zbekcha/ruscha "bor/yest" mantig'ini to'g'ridan tarjima. Bu ikki xatoni alohida ajratib olish kerak. Birinchisi — there ni tashlab yuborish: o'zbekchada "bor" gapi egaga muhtoj emas ("stolda kitob bor"), lekin inglizchada gap egasiz bo'la olmaydi, shuning uchun bo'sh o'rinni to'ldirib turadigan there SHART. Ikkinchisi — "bor" ni have deb tarjima qilish. have — "ega bo'lish, egalik qilish" (I have a car — mening mashinam bor, men unga egaman). Lekin biror joyda narsa mavjud deyish uchun have emas, there is/are kerak. Solishtiring: I have a book (menda kitob bor — egalik) va There is a book on the table (stolda kitob bor — mavjudlik). "Xonamda karavot bor" degani sizga tegishli emas, xonada shunchaki mavjud — shu sabab There is a bed in my room, "my room has a bed" emas.

• there is/are ni it is/they are bilan aralashtirish: It is a book on the table (birinchi marta "bor" ma'nosida). There is a book on the table. (mavjudlik there is).

• inkor/savolda some: There aren't some chairs. Is there some Wi-Fi? There aren't any chairs. Is there any Wi-Fi? (inkor/savol any).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. there is yoki there are?

___ a book on the table.        ___ two windows in the room.
___ some water in the bottle.   ___ many people in the street.
___ a problem.                  ___ four seasons in a year.

Mashq 2. Inkor qiling: There is a TV in my room. ___ There are some chairs here. ___

Mashq 3. Savol tuzing + qisqa javob (Yes): There is a bank near here. ___ ? — Yes, ___. There are any cafes. ___ ? — Yes, ___.

Mashq 4. there is/are yoki it is/they are? ___ a cat in the garden. ___ black. In my bag, ___ two books. ___ new.

Mashq 5. To'g'rilang: There is two books., Is a problem., There are a chair., There aren't some seats.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga: Stolda kitob bor. = ___ Xonamda televizor yo'q. = ___ Yaqin atrofda bank bormi? = ___ To'rt fasl bor. = ___

Mashq 7. "How many ... are there?" savolini tuzing: (students / in the class) = ___ (rooms / in your house) = ___

Mashq 8. there is/are yoki have? To'g'ri variantni tanlang: ___ a bed in my room. (xonada karavot mavjud) I ___ a new phone. (menda telefon bor — egalik)

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: there is/are bilan joyni (xona, uy, shahar) ravon tasvirlay olish.

Vazifa:

1. Yozish: o'z xonangiz yoki uyingizni 8 ta gap bilan tasvirlang (There is... There are... There isn't...) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Savol mashqi: men bir joyda (mehmonxona/kafe) ekanimni tasavvur qiling — Is there...? Are there any...? bilan 5 ta savol bering, men javob beraman.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• is (birlik) va are (ko'plik) otga qarab to'g'ri tanlangan.
• Kamida bitta inkor (There isn't / aren't any) bor.
• there is/are va it is/they are aralashmagan.
• Joy predloglari ishlatilgan (on the table, in the room — 18-dars).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: There is / There are / There is / There are / There is / There are. Mashq 2: There isn't a TV in my room. / There aren't any chairs here. Mashq 3: Is there a bank near here? — Yes, there is. / Are there any cafes? — Yes, there are. Mashq 4: There is a cat... It is black. / In my bag, there are two books. They are new. Mashq 5: There are two books. / There is a problem. / There is a chair. / There aren't any seats. Mashq 6: There is a book on the table. / There isn't a TV in my room. / Is there a bank near here? / There are four seasons. Mashq 7: How many students are there in the class? / How many rooms are there in your house? Mashq 8: There is a bed in my room. / I have a new phone.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

"bor / yo'q" = there is / there are
  there is  + birlik/sanalmaydigan   (There's a book)
  there are + ko'plik                 (There are books)
  INKOR:  there isn't / there aren't (any)
  SAVOL:  Is there...? / Are there any...?   javob: Yes, there is/are
  SANOQ:  How many ... are there?  (Nechta ... bor?)
  QISQA:  there is  there's (og'zaki juda keng)
  there is/are = mavjudlik (birinchi marta) ≠ it is/they are (aniq narsa)
  "bor" ≠ have: mavjudlik  there is/are; egalik  have

Asosiy nuqtalar:

• there is (birlik) / there are (ko'plik) — otga qarab.
• Inkor: isn't/aren't (+ any); savol: Is/Are there (+ any).
• there is/are (bor) ≠ it is (o'sha narsa).

Bog'lanish: there is/are keyingi darsda joy predloglari (in/on/under) bilan birga ishlaydi (There is a book on the table); A2 da some/any/much/many miqdor so'zlari, o'tgan zamonda there was/were ga aylanadi.

Keyingi dars — A1 — 18-dars: Predloglar — joy (in, on, under, next to) va vaqt (at, in, on). Endi narsalar qayerda ekanini aniq aytishni o'rganamiz — on the table, in the box, under the bed, next to the door.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (there is/there are, Unit 37); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "There is / There are".