A2 — 5-dars: Past Simple — inkor (didn't), savol (did) va hikoya qilish

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 5-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

So'nggi uch darsda o'tgan zamonni qurdingiz: was/were (holat), -ed (to'g'ri fe'l), irregular (went, saw). Bu darsda o'tgan zamonning inkor va savol tomonini to'liq avtomatlashtiramiz va eng muhim — bir necha gapni hikoya qilib bog'lash ko'nikmasini beramiz.

Bu darsda uchta yangi, muhim narsani ochamiz:

1. was/were va did/didn't ni qachon ishlash (eng ko'p chalkashiladigan nuqta!).
2. Inkor savollar (Didn't you...?) va ularga javob.
3. Hikoya bog'lovchilari (first, then, after that, finally) — voqeani ketma-ket aytish.

Real hayotda nega kerak: o'tmish haqida ravon, bog'lik gapirish — intervyu ("Tell me about a project you worked on"), kundalik suhbat ("What did you do at the weekend?"), hikoya. Alohida gaplar emas, bog'lik hikoya — native bo'lishning belgisi.

O'xshatish: so'nggi darslarda o'tgan zamon "g'ishtlarini" yasadingiz (was, worked, went). Bugun ularni bog'lab, devor quramiz — ya'ni alohida gaplarni jonli hikoyaga aylantiramiz.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• A2 2-dars (was/were): holat — I was tired.
• A2 3-dars (-ed): to'g'ri fe'l — I worked. Inkor: I didn't work.
• A2 4-dars (irregular): I went, I saw. Inkor: I didn't go.
• Tez mashq: inkor qiling: I went out. ___ (I didn't go out). She worked. ___ (She didn't work).

3. Grammatika — chuqur tushuntirish

3.1. To'liq tizim — bir jadvalda (to'g'ri + noto'g'ri fe'l)

O'tgan zamonning butun tizimini bir joyda ko'ramiz:

Oltin qoida — eng muhim: inkor va savolda ikkala fe'l turi ham BIR XIL ishlaydi — didn't / Did + SOF fe'l (V1). To'g'ri-noto'g'ri farqi faqat ijobiyda (worked vs went). Inkor/savolda esa hamma fe'l sof: didn't work, didn't go, Did you see?, Did you play? Bu — yodda tutiladigan eng foydali soddalik!

Eng ko'p o'zbekcha xato — V2 ni saqlab qolish: did/didn't o'tganlik ma'nosini o'zi ko'taradi, shuning uchun asosiy fe'l V1 ga qaytadi. Ma'no ikki marta o'tganlikni ko'rsatmaydi: didn't went (ikki o'tganlik) didn't go . Yana misollar:

text

 I didn't saw it.       I didn't see it.
 She didn't came.       She didn't come.
 Did you went home?     Did you go home?
 Did they bought it?    Did they buy it?

Sabab (o'zbekcha mantiq): o'zbekchada "bormadim"da o'tganlik qo'shimchasi bitta. Inglizchada ham o'tganlik bitta joyda — didda. Asosiy fe'l esa har doim sof, lug'at shakli (V1).

Mini-mashq (V1): to'g'rilang. 1. I didn't understood. didn't understand. 2. Did she found it? Did she find it? 3. We didn't left early. didn't leave.

3.2. was/were va did/didn't — qaysi birini qachon? (eng ko'p xato!)

Bu — A2 ning eng chalkashadigan nuqtasi. O'tgan zamon inkor/savolda ikki xil tizim bor:

(a) to be (was/were) — o'z inkor/savoliga EGA (did kerak EMAS):

IJOBIY:  I was tired.
INKOR:   I wasn't tired.        (wasn't — "didn't be" EMAS!)
SAVOL:   Were you tired?        (Were — "Did you be" EMAS!)

(b) Oddiy fe'l (work, go) — did/didn't TALAB qiladi:

IJOBIY:  I worked.
INKOR:   I didn't work.         (didn't — "I worked not" EMAS)
SAVOL:   Did you work?

Qanday ajratish: gapda was/were bormi? — bo'lsa, inkor/savol ham was/were bilan (wasn't, Were you). Harakat fe'li (work, go, see) bormi? — bo'lsa, did/didn't bilan.

text

 Were you at home?       Did you be at home?
 Did you go home?        Were you go home?
 I wasn't happy.          I didn't happy.
 I didn't see her.        I wasn't see her.

Native test: "Were you...?" (holat/sifat/joy: tired, happy, at home, a student) vs "Did you...?" (harakat: go, eat, work, see). Sifat/holat was/were; harakat did.

was/were did'ni ISHLATMAYDI: to be (was/were) o'zi to'liq fe'l — unga did umuman kerak emas. Did you were tired? (ikkita fe'l — did va were birga kelmaydi) Were you tired? . Xuddi shu inkorda: I didn't be there I wasn't there . Qoida: bir gapda did va was/were birga turmaydi.

Mini-mashq (was/were vs did): to'ldiring. 1. ___ you at school yesterday? Were. 2. ___ you go to school yesterday? Did. 3. I ___ (not) hungry. wasn't. 4. I ___ (not) eat. didn't. 5. ___ she happy? Was.

3.3. Wh- savollar — to'liq (ikki tizim)

to be:        Where were you?  Why was he late?  How was it?
oddiy fe'l:   Where did you go?  What did you do?  Why did they leave?

Ega haqida savol (do/did yo'q — 4-dars):

Who called you?       Who went with you?      What happened?

Nozik nuqta (Who — ega sifatida): ega haqida so'raganda did ishlatilmaydi va fe'l o'tgan shaklda (V2) qoladi: Who came? (kim keldi?) — Who did come? EMAS. Bu yerda fe'l ikkiga bo'linmaydi. Lekin Who to'ldiruvchi bo'lsa, odatdagidek did keladi: Who did you see? (kimni ko'rdingiz?). Farqni sezing: Who came? (kim = ega, did yo'q) Who did you see? (kim = to'ldiruvchi, did bor).

Mini-mashq (ega-savol): to'g'ri shaklni tanlang. 1. Who ___ the window? (break) broke (ega — did yo'q, V2). 2. Who ___ you last night? (call) called (ega). 3. Who ___ you ___ at the party? (see) did ... see (Who = to'ldiruvchi).

3.4. Inkor savollar (Negative questions) — "...madi-mi?"

Didn't you...? / Weren't you...? — bu inkor savol. U hayron qolish, eslatish yoki tasdiq kutish ma'nosini beradi:

Didn't you see the email?     — Emailni ko'rmadingizmi? (hayron: ko'rgan bo'lishingiz kerak edi)
Weren't you at the meeting?   — Yig'ilishda emasmidingiz? (tasdiq kutish)
Why didn't you call me?       — Nega menga qo'ng'iroq qilmadingiz?

Javob nozikligi: inkor savolga javob berish o'zbeklar uchun chalkash. Ingliz tilida faktga qarab javob beriladi, savolga emas:

text

Didn't you go? (Bormadingizmi?)
  - Ha, bordim  "Yes, I did." (yes = bordim)
  - Yo'q, bormadim  "No, I didn't." (no = bormadim)

O'zbekchada "ha, bormadim" deymiz; inglizchada esa bordim = Yes, bormadim = No — har doim faktga qarab. Bu — keyingi darajalarda ham muhim.

3.5. Qisqa javoblar va "echo" — suhbatni jonlashtirish

Native nutqda savolga faqat "Yes/No" emas, qisqa javob + qo'shimcha beriladi:

Did you have a good weekend?
   Yes, I did. It was great!     (faqat "Yes" emas)
   No, I didn't, really.

Echo savollar (qiziqish bildirish): suhbatdoshning gapiga "Did you?", "Was it?" deb javob berib, qiziqish bildiriladi:

A: I went to Paris last summer.
B: Oh, did you? Nice!           — Voy, bordingmi? Zo'r!
A: It was amazing.
B: Was it? I'd love to go.       — Shundaymi? Men ham borgim keladi.

3.6. Hikoya bog'lovchilari (sequencing) — voqeani ketma-ket aytish

Alohida gaplarni jonli hikoyaga aylantirish uchun bog'lovchi so'zlar kerak. Bu — A2 da yozish va gapirish sifatini keskin oshiradi:

First, I woke up at seven. Then I had a quick breakfast.
After that, I took the bus to work. Finally, I arrived just in time.
— Avval 7 da uyg'ondim. Keyin tezgina nonushta qildim.
  Shundan keyin avtobusda ishga bordim. Nihoyat, vaqtida yetib bordim.

Native siri: hikoyada vaqt so'zi (ago, last week) boshda, bog'lovchi (then, after that) har gap boshida turadi va vergul bilan ajratiladi: "Then, I...". Bu yozuvga tartib va ravonlik beradi.

4. Misollar (to'liq tizim)

was/were vs did (yonma-yon):

Were you tired? — Yes, I was.        (holat)
Did you sleep well? — Yes, I did.    (harakat)
I wasn't at home.                    (holat — wasn't)
I didn't stay home.                  (harakat — didn't)

Inkor savollar:

Didn't you like the film? — Yes, I did! / No, I didn't.
Weren't you scared?       — No, I wasn't.
Why didn't you tell me?   — I forgot, sorry.

Hikoya (bog'lovchilar bilan):

Last Saturday was a great day. First, I met my friends in the morning.
Then we went to a cafe and had breakfast. After that, we watched a film.
In the end, I got home late but happy.
— O'tgan shanba zo'r kun bo'ldi. Avval ertalab do'stlarim bilan ko'rishdim.
  Keyin kafega borib nonushta qildik. Shundan keyin film ko'rdik.
  Oxirida uyga kech, lekin xursand qaytdim.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

(a) didn't / wasn't / weren't — eshitib ajratish:

didn't /ˈdɪdnt/ "didnt"    wasn't /ˈwɒznt/ "woznt"    weren't /wɜːnt/ "wə:nt"

Tez nutqda oxirgi t yutiladi: "I didn' know", "He wasn' there".

(b) Did you "didja" (bog'lanish):

Did you go?    "dɪdʒə gəʊ" ("didja go")
Did you eat?   "dɪdʒə iːt"

Bu — native nutqda doimiy: did + you "didja". Tanib oling.

(c) Inkor savol ohangi: Didn't you see it? — ohang ko'tariladi (), ajablanish bilan.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "Did you go? Did you see it? Didn't you know?" ni "didja"/"didn'tcha" bilan ayting. So'ng hikoya bog'lovchilarini (First... Then... After that... Finally...) ovoz chiqarib mashq qiling.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali) — hikoya va vaqt so'zlari

Kollokatsiya: first of all (avvalo), in the end (oxir-oqibat), at first (dastlab — keyin o'zgargan), the next day (ertasi kuni), a few days later (bir necha kundan keyin). Bu iboralar hikoyani ravon qiladi.

7. Dialog va o'qish matni

Dialog — "What happened?" (qiziqish bilan suhbat):

A: How was your weekend? Did you do anything special? — Dam olish qanday? Biror maxsus narsa qildingmi?
B: Actually, yes! I went hiking in the mountains.     — Aslida, ha! Tog'ga sayrga chiqdim.
A: Oh, did you? Wasn't it cold?                       — Voy, chiqdingmi? Sovuq emasmidi?
B: A little, but the views were amazing.              — Ozgina, lekin manzaralar ajoyib edi.
A: Nice! Did you go alone?                            — Zo'r! Yolg'iz bordingmi?
B: No, I didn't. Two friends came with me.            — Yo'q. Ikki do'stim men bilan keldi.
A: Why didn't you invite me?!                         — Nega meni taklif qilmading?!
B: Sorry! I didn't know you liked hiking. Next time!  — Kechir! Sayrni yoqtirishingni bilmasdim. Keyingi safar!

O'qish matni — "A day that went wrong" (hikoya, bog'lovchilar bilan):

Last Monday started badly.                  — O'tgan dushanba yomon boshlandi.
First, I woke up late because my alarm didn't ring. — Avval, kech uyg'ondim, chunki budilnigim jiringlamadi.
Then I missed the bus, so I had to walk.    — Keyin avtobusga kech qoldim, shuning uchun piyoda yurdim.
After that, it started to rain, and I didn't have an umbrella. — Shundan keyin yomg'ir yog'a boshladi, soyabonim yo'q edi.
I arrived at work wet and 30 minutes late.  — Ishga ho'l va 30 daqiqa kech keldim.
But then something good happened.            — Lekin keyin yaxshi narsa bo'ldi.
My manager wasn't angry — she just smiled and gave me a coffee. — Menejerim jahli chiqmadi — kulib, menga kofe berdi.
In the end, the day wasn't so bad after all. — Oxir-oqibat, kun unchalik yomon o'tmadi.

Topshiriq: matnda was/were va did/didn't qayerda ishlatilganini ajrating (nega wasn't angry lekin didn't have?). So'ng o'z "yomon yoki yaxshi kuningiz" haqida bog'lovchilar bilan 8 gaplik hikoya yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• was/were ni did bilan aralashtirish: Did you be tired? I didn't was there. Sabab: ikki tizimni farqlamaslik. Were you tired? I wasn't there. (to be o'z inkor/savoliga ega — wasn't/Were).

• Harakat fe'lini was bilan: Were you go home? I wasn't see her. Did you go home? I didn't see her. (harakat did/didn't).

• Inkor savolga o'zbekcha mantiq bilan javob: Didn't you go? — Yes, I didn't. Faktga qarang: bordim Yes, I did; bormadim No, I didn't.

• Hikoyada bog'lovchisiz alohida gaplar: I woke up. I had breakfast. I went to work. (quruq). First, I woke up. Then I had breakfast. After that, I went to work. (ravon).

• didn't/Did dan keyin V2: I didn't went. Did you saw? I didn't go. Did you see? (sof fe'l — 4-dars).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. was/were yoki did/didn't? (to'g'ri inkorni tanlang):

1. I ___ (not) tired. (holat)
2. I ___ (not) go out. (harakat)
3. She ___ (not) at home.
4. We ___ (not) see the film.
5. They ___ (not) happy.

Mashq 2. Savol tuzing (was/were yoki did):

1. (you / tired?)  ___
2. (you / sleep well?)  ___
3. (she / at the party?)  ___
4. (they / enjoy it?)  ___

Mashq 3. Inkor savol tuzing:

(you / see / the email)  ___ ?
(she / at the meeting)  ___ ?
(why / you / not / call me)  ___ ?

Mashq 4. Bog'lovchi qo'shib, hikoya qiling (first/then/after that/finally):

woke up  had breakfast  went to work  came home
 ___

Mashq 5. To'g'rilang: Did you be at home?, I didn't was ready., Were you go out?, Didn't you went?, I woke up. I left. I arrived. (bog'lovchi qo'shing)

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Charchagan emasmidingiz? = ___
2. Yig'ilishda edingizmi? = ___
3. Nega menga aytmadingiz? = ___
4. Avval uyg'ondim, keyin nonushta qildim. = ___
5. U yerda emas edim. = ___
6. Filmni ko'rmadingizmi? = ___

Mashq 7. O'tgan kuningiz (yoki dam olish) haqida 8–10 gaplik bog'lik hikoya yozing: bog'lovchilar (first, then, after that, finally) + kamida 3 ta was/were + 3 ta harakat fe'li.

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: o'tgan zamonda ravon, bog'lik hikoya qilish; was/were va did ni to'g'ri ajratish.

Vazifa:

1. Hikoya: o'tgan dam olish yoki esda qolarli kun haqida 10 gaplik bog'lik hikoya yozing (bog'lovchilar bilan) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Suhbat o'yini: "Mening sayohatim haqida so'ra" deb yozing — men Did you...? Were you...? Why didn't you...? deb so'rayman (was/were va did aralash), siz to'g'ri javob berasiz.
3. Inkor savol: menga 4 ta inkor savol bering (Didn't you...? Weren't you...?).

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• was/were (holat) va did/didn't (harakat) to'g'ri ajratilgan.
• Kamida 4 ta hikoya bog'lovchisi (first, then, after that, finally).
• Inkor savolga faktga qarab javob (Yes, I did / No, I didn't).
• didn't/Did + sof fe'l (V1).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. wasn't · 2. didn't · 3. wasn't · 4. didn't · 5. weren't. Mashq 2: 1. Were you tired? · 2. Did you sleep well? · 3. Was she at the party? · 4. Did they enjoy it? Mashq 3: Did you see the email? / Were you at the meeting? / Why didn't you call me? Mashq 4: First, I woke up. Then I had breakfast. After that, I went to work. Finally, I came home. Mashq 5: Were you at home? / I wasn't ready. / Did you go out? / Didn't you go? / First, I woke up. Then I left. Finally, I arrived. Mashq 6: 1. Weren't you tired? · 2. Were you at the meeting? · 3. Why didn't you tell me? · 4. First, I woke up, then I had breakfast. · 5. I wasn't there. · 6. Didn't you see the film?

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

O'tgan zamon — inkor/savol (TO'LIQ tizim)
  to be:       I wasn't / Were you?        (was/were o'z inkor/savoliga ega)
  oddiy fe'l:  I didn't go / Did you go?    (did/didn't + SOF fe'l)
  AJRATISH: holat/sifat  was/were | harakat  did/didn't
  Inkor savol: Didn't you...? / Weren't you...?   javob FAKTGA qarab (Yes I did/No I didn't)
  Hikoya: First... Then... After that... Later... Finally... Suddenly...
  Echo: "Oh, did you? / Was it?" (qiziqish)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Inkor/savolda to'g'ri va noto'g'ri fe'l bir xil: didn't/Did + sof.
2. was/were (holat) va did/didn't (harakat) — aralashtirmang!
3. Inkor savol (Didn't you...?) — javob faktga qarab.
4. Hikoya bog'lovchilari voqeani ravon, bog'lik qiladi.
5. Qisqa javob + echo suhbatni jonlashtiradi.

Bog'lanish: o'tgan zamon (Past Simple) endi to'liq — bugun unga ravonlik qo'shdik. Keyingi dars Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing) ni beradi — u Past Simple bilan birlashib (when/while), hikoyaga "fon va voqea" qatlami qo'shadi. Was/were (2-dars) + -ing (1-dars) — ikkisi birlashadi.

Keyingi dars — A2 — 6-dars: Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing) — when va while. "Men ovqat qilayotganimda telefon jiringladi" kabi gaplar — o'tmishda bir vaqtda davom etgan harakat va uni bo'lgan voqea. Hikoyaga jonli "fon" qo'shamiz.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Past simple negatives/questions, Units 12–13; short answers Unit 51); Cambridge Dictionary (past simple; negative questions); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (questions, negative questions, answers); British Council LearnEnglish — "Past simple — questions and negatives".