A2 — MAXSUS DARS: "Shopping & money" — xarid va pul (funksional til + lug'at)
A2 — ELEMENTAR · Maxsus dars (oraliq) · funksional til + keng lug'at
1. Bu dars nima va nega muhim
Bu — ikkinchi maxsus (funksional) dars: grammatika emas, balki xarid va pul mavzusining real tili. Do'konda, bozorda, onlayn — har birimiz har kuni xarid qilamiz. Bu darsda narx so'rash, kiyimni o'lchab ko'rish, savdolashish, to'lov, qaytarish kabi har bir vaziyat uchun tayyor iboralar va keng lug'atni olasiz.
Bu — bevosita A2-14 (how much, too expensive, enough) ning amaliy davomi: o'sha grammatika aynan shu yerda ishlaydi.
Real hayotda nega hal qiluvchi:
- Sayohat: chet elda do'kon/bozorda xarid — eng birinchi kerak bo'ladigan til.
- Onlayn: "out of stock", "free delivery", "add to cart" — global savdo tili.
- Kundalik: narx so'rash, savdolashish, qaytarish — universal ko'nikma.
- Pul lug'ati (afford, discount, refund, owe) — moliya, ish, hayotda doim.
Asosiy tushuncha — vaziyat tili: har xarid vaziyatining o'z tayyor iboralari bor — siz ularni o'ylab topmaysiz, tanib, ishlatasiz. "Can I try this on?" "How much is it?" "I'll take it." "Keep the change." Bu darsda vaziyat bo'yicha guruhlangan ibora banklarini butun holda yodlang.
Madaniy nuqta: G'arbda do'kon/supermarketda narx qat'iy — savdolashilmaydi (faqat bozor, ikkinchi qo'l, ba'zi mamlakatlarda). O'zbekiston bozorida esa savdolashish — odat. Bu darsda ikkalasi uchun ham til bor. Yana: "I'm just looking, thanks" — sotuvchi yordamini xushmuomala rad etish (qarab yurganda).
2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)
- A2-14: How much is it? too expensive, cheap enough, not enough money — bugun amaliyotda.
- A2-13: some bread, a few apples, a bottle of water — xaridda doim.
- A1-11 (this/that): How much is this/these? — narsani ko'rsatib.
- A1-12 (sonlar/narx): narx aytish — bugun kengaytiramiz.
- Tez mashq: How ___ is it? (much). How ___ apples? (many).
3. Vaziyatlar va ibora banklari (asosiy qism)
3.1. DO'KONDA — kirish, qarash, so'rash
Sotuvchi (shop assistant):
Can I help you? / Are you looking for anything in particular? — Yordam beraymi? / Biror narsa qidiryapsizmi?
Are you being served? — Sizga xizmat ko'rsatilyaptimi?
Let me know if you need anything. — Biror narsa kerak bo'lsa, ayting.Xaridor (customer):
I'm just looking/browsing, thanks. — Shunchaki qarayapman, rahmat. (yordamni rad etish)
Do you have...? / Have you got...? — ... bormi?
I'm looking for a ... — ... qidiryapman.
Where can I find the ...? — ...ni qayerda topaman?
Do you have this in a different colour/size? — Bu boshqa rang/o'lchamda bormi?3.2. NARX so'rash
How much is this/it? — Bu qancha turadi?
How much are these? — Bular qancha?
How much does it cost? — Qancha turadi?
What's the price of...? — ...ning narxi qancha?
Is this on sale? — Bu chegirmadami?
How much do I owe you? — Sizga qancha qarzdorman? (= qancha to'layman)
That's a bit pricey/expensive. — Bu biroz qimmat-ku.cost/price/spend farqi: How much does it cost? (narsa qancha turadi) | the price is... (narx — ot) | I spent $50 (men 50 dollar sarfladim) | How much did you pay for it? (qancha to'ladingiz — pay for, "pay" yolg'iz emas).
3.3. KIYIM — o'lchov, o'lchab ko'rish
Can I try this on? — Buni o'lchab ko'rsam bo'ladimi?
Where's the fitting room/changing room? — Kiyinish xonasi qayerda?
What size are you? — I'm a medium / a size 40. — O'lchamingiz necha? — O'rtacha / 40-o'lcham.
Do you have it in a bigger/smaller size? — Kattaroq/kichikroq o'lchamda bormi?
It doesn't fit. / It's too tight/loose. — Mosga kelmayapti. / Juda tor/keng.
It fits perfectly. / It suits you. — Aynan mos. / Sizga yarashadi.
Is it in stock? / It's out of stock. — Mavjudmi? / Tugab qolgan.3.4. QAROR — olaman / olmayman
I'll take it. / I'll take two. — Olaman. / Ikkita olaman.
I'll take this one. — Shuni olaman.
I'll think about it. — O'ylab ko'raman. (yumshoq rad)
I'll leave it for now. — Hozircha olmayman.
It's not quite what I'm looking for. — Bu men qidirayotgan narsa emas.
Maybe another time. — Balki boshqa safar.3.5. SAVDOLASHISH (bargaining — bozor/sayohat)
Can you give me a discount? — Chegirma bera olasizmi?
Is that your best price? — Bu eng so'nggi narxmi?
That's too expensive — can you do it cheaper? — Juda qimmat — arzonroq bo'lmaydimi?
Can you knock a bit off? — Biroz tushira olasizmi?
I'll give you 50,000. — 50,000 beraman.
Come on, meet me halfway. — Qani, o'rtasiga kelaylik.
OK, it's a deal. / Deal! — Mayli, kelishdik!Madaniy nuqta: savdolashish — bozorda odat (do'st-bozor), lekin supermarket/do'konda odatda yo'q (narx qat'iy). G'arbda savdolashish faqat bozor, mashina, ko'chmas mulk, ikkinchi qo'l narsalarda.
3.6. TO'LOV (paying)
Sotuvchi:
How would you like to pay? — Qanday to'laysiz?
Cash or card? — Naqdmi yoki kartami?
That comes to / That'll be 120,000. — Jami 120,000 bo'ldi.
Do you need a bag? / Would you like a receipt? — Paket kerakmi? / Chek kerakmi?
Here's your change. — Mana qaytimi.Xaridor:
Can I pay by card? — Karta bilan to'lasam bo'ladimi?
Do you take cards? — Karta qabul qilasizmi?
By card, please. / In cash. — Karta bilan. / Naqd.
Here you are. / Here you go. — Mana.
Keep the change. — Qaytimi o'zizda qolsin.
Can I have a receipt, please? — Chek bera olasizmi?3.7. QAYTARISH va shikoyat (returns & complaints)
I'd like to return this. — Buni qaytarmoqchiman.
Can I get a refund? — Pulimni qaytara olasizmi?
Can I exchange it for another one? — Boshqasiga almashtira olamanmi?
It's faulty/broken/damaged. — Bu nuqsonli/singan/shikastlangan.
It doesn't work. — Ishlamaydi.
Do you have the receipt? — Chekingiz bormi?
Can I get my money back? — Pulimni qaytara olamanmi?
I bought this yesterday, but... — Buni kecha oldim, lekin...3.8. ONLAYN xarid (modern)
add to cart/basket — savatga qo'shmoq checkout — to'lovga o'tmoq
place an order — buyurtma bermoq track my order — buyurtmamni kuzatmoq
free delivery/shipping — bepul yetkazib berish
out of stock / in stock — tugagan / mavjud
on sale / 20% off — chegirmada / 20% arzon
return policy — qaytarish siyosati refund — pul qaytarish3.9. Grammatika xaridda ishlaydi (too/enough + comparatives)
Xarid — bu 14-dars (too/enough) va 10-dars (comparatives) grammatikasi eng ko'p qo'l keladigan joy. O'sha qoidalarni endi do'kon tilida ko'ring: qoidani alohida emas, aynan xarid vaziyatida eslab qolasiz.
too + sifat / too much + ot (haddan ziyod — salbiy):
It's too expensive. — Bu juda qimmat (imkonimdan tashqari).
This shirt is too tight/big. — Bu ko'ylak juda tor/katta.
That's too much for me. — Bu men uchun juda ko'p.too vs very: very expensive = juda qimmat (lekin balki olaman); too expensive = shu qadar qimmatki, ololmayman (salbiy natija bor). Xaridda too ko'pincha "yo'q" degani.
enough (yetarli — sifatdan KEYIN, otdan OLDIN):
It's not big enough. — Bu yetarlicha katta emas. (sifat + enough)
This one is cheap enough. — Bunisi yetarlicha arzon.
I don't have enough money. — Menda yetarli pul yo'q. (enough + ot)
Do you have enough cash? — Naqd pulingiz yetarlimi?comparatives (10-dars) — ikki mahsulotni solishtirish:
Do you have a cheaper one? — Arzonrog'i bormi?
This one is better quality. — Bunisi sifatliroq.
Have you got a bigger size? — Kattaroq o'lcham bormi?
The blue one is nicer than the red. — Ko'gi qizilidan chiroyliroq.
Is there anything less expensive? — Arzonrog'i bormi? (less + long sifat)xarid solishtiruvi — tayyor qolip: "Do you have a [comparative] one?" — bu qolipni yodlang: cheaper / smaller / bigger / better / lighter one. Sotuvchidan boshqa variant so'rashning eng tabiiy yo'li. Uzun sifatlar: a more comfortable one, a less expensive one.
superlative (eng — tanlovda):
Which is the cheapest? — Qaysi biri eng arzon?
This is the best deal. — Bu eng yaxshi kelishuv.4. Pul va xarid lug'ati (keng — Anki)
4.1. Joylar va odamlar
| English | O'zbekcha |
|---|---|
| supermarket / grocery store | supermarket / oziq-ovqat do'koni |
| market / bazaar | bozor |
| (shopping) mall / shopping centre | savdo markazi |
| pharmacy / chemist's (BrE) | dorixona |
| bakery / butcher's | nonvoyxona / qassobxona |
| shop assistant / cashier / customer | sotuvchi / kassir / xaridor |
4.2. Pul — otlar
| English | O'zbekcha |
|---|---|
| cash | naqd pul |
| card (debit/credit) | karta |
| change | qaytim / mayda pul |
| coins / notes (bills AmE) | tangalar / pullar (qog'oz) |
| price / cost | narx |
| discount / sale / offer | chegirma / aksiya |
| bargain / good value | arzon (yaxshi narx) / qulay |
| receipt / bill | chek / hisob |
| refund | pul qaytarish |
| budget | byudjet |
| currency / exchange rate | valyuta / kurs |
4.3. Pul — fe'llar (kollokatsiya muhim!)
| English | O'zbekcha | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|
| buy / sell | sotib olmoq / sotmoq | |
| pay (for) | to'lamoq | pay for something |
| spend (on) | sarflamoq | spend money on |
| cost | turmoq | It costs $50. |
| afford | qurbi yetmoq | I can't afford it. |
| save (up) | tejamoq/yig'moq | save for a car |
| owe | qarzdor bo'lmoq | I owe you $10. |
| lend borrow | qarz bermoq qarz olmoq | (3.9 — chalkashlik!) |
| charge | haq olmoq | They charged me $5. |
lend vs borrow — eng ko'p chalkashlik:
- lend = qarz/vaqtincha bermoq (sizdan boshqaga): Can you lend me $10? (Menga 10$ qarz ber.)
- borrow = qarz/vaqtincha olmoq (boshqadan sizga): Can I borrow your pen? (Ruchkangizni olsam bo'ladimi?) Mantiq: lend — beruvchi; borrow — oluvchi. O'zbekcha "qarz" ikkalasi uchun — shuning uchun chalkashadi.
4.4. Sifatlar (narx)
expensive / pricey / overpriced — qimmat / qimmat / haddan qimmat
cheap (ba'zan salbiy = sifatsiz) / inexpensive / affordable / reasonable — arzon / arzon / hamyonbop / o'rinli
a bargain / a good deal / great value — arzon topilma / yaxshi kelishuv / qulay
a rip-off (juda qimmat, aldov) — qimmatchilik/aldovcheap nozikligi: cheap ba'zan salbiy ("arzon — demak sifatsiz") ma'noni beradi. Maqtab aytganda affordable, inexpensive, reasonable, good value ishlating: "It's good value" (yaxshi narx) — "It's cheap" dan iliqroq.
4.5. Pul idiomlari (kirish)
It costs a fortune / an arm and a leg. — Juda qimmat (boylik turadi).
It's a rip-off. — Qimmatchilik / aldov.
It's a steal! / a real bargain. — Juda arzon (tekinga!).
to be broke — puli yo'q, kambag'al.
to tighten your belt — kamroq sarflamoq.
Money doesn't grow on trees. — Pul daraxtda o'smaydi (tejab sarfla).5. Talaffuz bo'limi
(a) Jim harfli so'zlar:
receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ "risi:t" — "p" JIM! (NOT "ri-sept")(b) Boshqa:
bargain /ˈbɑːɡɪn/ "ba:gin" discount /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ (ot) "diskaunt"
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ refund /ˈriːfʌnd/ (ot) "ri:fand"
cash /kæʃ/ "kesh" change /tʃeɪndʒ/ "cheynj"(c) "How much is it?" bog'langan: "hau-mach-iz-it" "haumachizit".
Topshiriq (shadowing): receipt ni "risi:t" deb ayting ("p" jim); "How much is it?", "Can I try this on?", "Keep the change." ni tabiiy ohangda mashq qiling. Youglish: "how much is it", "can I try this on".
6. To'liq dialoglar (input — ko'p amaliyot)
Dialog 1 — kiyim sotib olish (o'lchov, narx, to'lov):
Assistant: Hi, can I help you? — Salom, yordam beraymi?
You: Yes, I'm looking for a jacket. — Ha, kurtka qidiryapman.
Assistant: What size are you? — O'lchamingiz necha?
You: Medium. Do you have this one in blue? — O'rtacha. Bu ko'k rangda bormi?
Assistant: Let me check... Yes, here you go. The fitting room is over there. — Qaray... Ha, mana. Kiyinish xonasi anavi yoqda.
You: (later) It fits perfectly. How much is it? — (keyin) Aynan mos. Qancha turadi?
Assistant: It's 250,000 so'm, but it's 20% off today. — 250,000 so'm, lekin bugun 20% chegirma.
You: Great, I'll take it. Can I pay by card? — Zo'r, olaman. Karta bilan to'lasam bo'ladimi?
Assistant: Of course. That comes to 200,000. Would you like a receipt? — Albatta. Jami 200,000. Chek kerakmi?
You: Yes, please. Thank you! — Ha, iltimos. Rahmat!Dialog 2 — bozorda savdolashish:
You: How much is this bag? — Bu sumka qancha?
Seller: 300,000 so'm. Best quality! — 300,000 so'm. Eng sifatli!
You: Hmm, that's a bit expensive. Can you give me a discount? — Hmm, biroz qimmat. Chegirma bera olasizmi?
Seller: For you... 280,000. — Siz uchun... 280,000.
You: Come on, that's still too much. I'll give you 230,000. — Qani, baribir ko'p. 230,000 beraman.
Seller: 260,000, and that's my final price. — 260,000, oxirgi narxim.
You: OK, let's meet in the middle — 250,000? — Mayli, o'rtasiga kelaylik — 250,000?
Seller: Deal! It's a bargain. — Kelishdik! Arzon topdingiz.Dialog 3 — qaytarish:
You: Hi, I'd like to return these headphones. They don't work. — Salom, bu quloqchinni qaytarmoqchiman. Ishlamaydi.
Assistant: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have the receipt? — Afsus. Chekingiz bormi?
You: Yes, here it is. Can I get a refund? — Ha, mana. Pulimni qaytara olamanmi?
Assistant: Of course. Or would you prefer to exchange them? — Albatta. Yoki almashtirishni xohlaysizmi?
You: A refund, please. — Pulni qaytaring, iltimos.
Assistant: No problem. I'll put it back on your card. — Muammosiz. Kartangizga qaytaraman.Dialog 4 — o'lcham/rang muammosi (too/enough + comparative amalda):
You: Excuse me, do you have these shoes in a bigger size? — Kechirasiz, bu tuflini kattaroq o'lchamda topsam bo'ladimi?
Assistant: What size do you need? — Necha o'lcham kerak?
You: A 43. This 42 is too small. — 43. Bu 42 juda kichik.
Assistant: Let me check... I'm afraid we're out of 43 in black. — Qaray-chi... Afsuski, qora rangda 43 tugagan.
You: Do you have them in brown, then? — Unda jigarrang bormi?
Assistant: Yes, here you go. — Ha, mana.
You: (tries on) These fit. Are they comfortable enough for walking? — (o'lchaydi) Bu mos. Yurish uchun yetarlicha qulaymi?
Assistant: They're one of our most comfortable models. — Bu eng qulay modellarimizdan biri.
You: Great. Is there a cheaper one, though? These are a bit pricey. — Zo'r. Lekin arzonrog'i bormi? Bular biroz qimmat-ku.
Assistant: This pair is 30% off — it's better value. — Bu juftlik 30% chegirmada — narxi qulayroq.
You: Perfect, I'll take them. — Ajoyib, olaman.Dialog 5 — kassada (to'lov, chek, qaytim):
Cashier: Is that everything? — Hammasi shumi?
You: Yes, that's all. — Ha, shu.
Cashier: That comes to 145,000 so'm. How would you like to pay? — Jami 145,000 so'm. Qanday to'laysiz?
You: In cash. Here you are — 150,000. — Naqd. Mana — 150,000.
Cashier: Here's your change — 5,000. Do you need a bag? — Mana qaytim — 5,000. Paket kerakmi?
You: No, thanks, I've got one. Can I have the receipt? — Yo'q, rahmat, bor. Chek bera olasizmi?
Cashier: Of course. Here you go. Have a nice day! — Albatta. Mana. Kuningiz xayrli o'tsin!Topshiriq: har dialogda vaziyatni belgilang (narx/savdolashish/to'lov/qaytarish). So'ng o'zingiz biror narsa sotib olish (yoki qaytarish) dialogini yozing (kamida 8 replika).
Rol o'yin mashqi (javob bilan): quyidagi o'zbekcha replikalarni inglizchada ayting, so'ng pastdagi namunaga solishtiring.
- "Kechirasiz, bu ko'ylakni o'lchab ko'rsam bo'ladimi?"
- "Bu juda tor. Kattaroq o'lchamda bormi?"
- "Qancha turadi? — Chegirmadami?"
- "Olaman. Karta bilan to'lasam bo'ladimi?"
- "Buni qaytarmoqchiman — nuqsonli. Chekim mana."
Namuna javoblar: 1. Excuse me, can I try this shirt on? · 2. This is too tight. Do you have a bigger size? · 3. How much is it? — Is it on sale? · 4. I'll take it. Can I pay by card? · 5. I'd like to return this — it's faulty. Here's my receipt.
7. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar
lend / borrow chalkashligi: Can you borrow me money? / Can I lend your pen? Can you lend me money? (siz menga bering) / Can I borrow your pen? (men sizdan olay).
pay (for): I paid the jacket. / How much did you pay the jacket? I paid for the jacket. (pay for something).
How much cost?: How much cost this? How much does it cost? / How much is it?
make shopping: I make shopping every Saturday. I go shopping / do the shopping. (make emas).
cheap ni doim maqtov sifatida: This restaurant is cheap. (ba'zan salbiy). Maqtaganda: It's good value / affordable / reasonable.
receipt talaffuzi: "ri-sept". receipt = "risi:t" (p jim).
price/cost/spend aralashtirish: The price costs 50. It costs 50. / The price is 50. / I spent 50.
8. Mashqlar
Mashq 1. Vaziyatga mos ibora (narx / o'lchab ko'rish / to'lov / qaytarish / savdolashish):
1. "Can I try this on?"
2. "Can you give me a discount?"
3. "I'd like a refund, please."
4. "How much is it?"
5. "Cash or card?"Mashq 2. lend yoki borrow?
1. Can I ___ your charger?
2. Can you ___ me 10,000?
3. I ___ him my car yesterday.
4. She wants to ___ a book from the library.Mashq 3. To'g'ri fe'l (pay/spend/cost/afford/save):
1. How much did you ___ for it?
2. I can't ___ a new phone right now.
3. This watch ___ a fortune.
4. I'm trying to ___ money for a trip.
5. I ___ too much on clothes.Mashq 4. Dialogni to'ldiring:
A: Hi, can I ___ you?
B: Yes, ___ much is this?
A: It's 80,000, but it's 25% ___ today.
B: Great. Can I ___ by card?
A: Of course. Would you like a ___?Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang:
Can you borrow me a pen?, How much cost this?, I paid the jacket., I make shopping on Sundays., receipt = "ri-sept"
Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:
1. Bu qancha turadi? = ___
2. Buni o'lchab ko'rsam bo'ladimi? = ___
3. Karta bilan to'lasam bo'ladimi? = ___
4. Ruchkangizni olsam bo'ladimi? = ___
5. Pulimni qaytara olamanmi? = ___9. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)
Maqsad: xarid vaziyatlarida (narx, o'lchov, to'lov, savdolashish, qaytarish) ravon, tabiiy muloqot qila olish.
Vazifa:
- Rol o'yini (do'kon): "Do'konda kiyim olaman" deb yozing — men sotuvchi bo'laman. Narx so'rang, o'lchab ko'ring, qaror qiling, to'lang. To'liq dialog.
- Savdolashish: "Bozordaman" deb yozing — men sotuvchiman, siz narxni tushirishga harakat qilasiz (kamida 4 marta savdolashing).
- Qaytarish: nuqsonli narsani qaytarmoqchisiz — men do'kon xodimiman. Muammoni tushuntiring, pul yoki almashtirish so'rang.
"Tayyor" mezonlari:
- How much is it? / Can I try this on? / Can I pay by card? to'g'ri.
- lend/borrow, pay for, spend on to'g'ri ishlatilgan.
- Savdolashish iboralari (discount, best price, deal) ishlatilgan.
- Qaytarish: refund/exchange/receipt to'g'ri.
10. Javoblar kaliti
Mashq 1: 1. o'lchab ko'rish · 2. savdolashish · 3. qaytarish · 4. narx · 5. to'lov. Mashq 2: 1. borrow · 2. lend · 3. lent · 4. borrow. Mashq 3: 1. pay · 2. afford · 3. costs · 4. save · 5. spend. Mashq 4: help / how / off / pay / receipt. Mashq 5: Can you lend me a pen? / How much does it cost? (How much is this?) / I paid for the jacket. / I go shopping on Sundays. / receipt = "risi:t". Mashq 6: 1. How much is it? (How much does it cost?) · 2. Can I try this on? · 3. Can I pay by card? · 4. Can I borrow your pen? · 5. Can I get a refund? (Can I get my money back?)
11. Xulosa va keyingi dars
Tez ma'lumotnoma (ibora banki):
NARX: How much is it/does it cost? | It's on sale | a bit pricey
KIYIM: Can I try this on? | What size? | It doesn't fit | too tight/loose
QAROR: I'll take it | I'll think about it | not what I'm looking for
SAVDO: Can you give me a discount? | Is that your best price? | It's a deal!
TO'LOV: Cash or card? | by card/in cash | Keep the change | Can I have a receipt?
QAYTARISH: I'd like to return this | Can I get a refund? | It's faulty | exchange
PUL: pay FOR | spend ON | cost | afford | save | owe | lendborrow
cheap (salbiy) vs affordable/good value | receipt = "risi:t" (p jim)Asosiy nuqtalar:
- Vaziyat tili: How much is it? / Can I try this on? / I'll take it.
- To'lov: Cash or card? / by card / Keep the change / receipt.
- Savdolashish: discount, best price, deal (bozorda).
- lend (bermoq) borrow (olmoq); pay for, spend on.
- cheap — ba'zan salbiy; maqtab: good value/affordable.
Bog'lanish: xarid/pul tili butun hayot uchun; B1 da onlayn xarid, shikoyat xati (formal), narx/byudjet muhokamasi kengayadi. lend/borrow, afford, spend on — moliya va ish tilining asosiy so'zlari.
Keyingi dars — A2 — 16-dars: Object pronouns (me, him, her, us, them). Grammatikaga qaytamiz: I see him. She called me. Give it to them. — ega olmoshlari (I, he) bilan to'ldiruvchi olmoshlari (me, him) farqi.
Manba
Cambridge English (functional language: shopping, money); Oxford Learner's (collocations: shopping, money, lend/borrow); British Council LearnEnglish — "Shopping", "Buying things"; English Vocabulary in Use (money, shopping units).
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Izoh yozish uchun kiring.
- Hozircha izoh yo'q. Birinchi bo'ling!