A2 — 31-dars (qo'shimcha): "What ... like?" va odam/narsani tasvirlash

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 31-dars (A2 to'ldirish — A1-A2 yakuni)

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu — A1-A2 ning oxirgi mavzusi. Bu darsda tasvir so'rash (What's he like? What does she look like?) va odamlar/narsalarni ta'riflash (tashqi ko'rinish + xarakter) ni o'rganasiz.

"What's your boss like?" — "He's friendly but very strict." (Boshlig'ingiz qanaqa? — Do'stona, lekin juda qattiqqo'l.) "What does she look like?" — "She's tall with curly hair." (U qanday ko'rinishda? — Baland bo'yli, jingalak sochli.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Odam haqida so'rash/aytish: "What's your new teacher like?" "He's kind and patient."
• Tasvirlash (uchrashuv, telefon): "How will I recognize you?" "I'm tall with glasses, in a blue jacket."
• Fikr/baho: "What was the film like?" "It was a bit boring."
• ***"What's he like?"* (xarakter) ≠ "What does he like?" (yoqtirishlari) — bu ikki savol o'zbeklar uchun eng chalkash juftlik.

Asosiy tushuncha — "like" = "qanaqa, o'xshash" (yoqtirish EMAS): bu darsdagi like — fe'l "yoqtirmoq" emas! Bu yerda like = "o'xshash, qanaqa". "What's he like?" = "U qanaqa (odam)?" (tasvir so'rash). Diqqat: "What is he like?" (xarakter), "What does he look like?" (tashqi ko'rinish), "What does he like?" (yoqtirishlari) — uchta butunlay boshqa savol, faqat bir so'z (does/is, look) farq qiladi.

O'xshatish: uchta savol — uchta kalit: What's he like? (umumiy tasvir — xarakter), What does he look like? (ko'z bilan — tashqi), What does he like? (yoqtirishlari — yurak). Bir so'z o'zgaradi, savol butunlay boshqa.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A1-23 (tana): hair, eyes, tall... — bugun tasvirlashda.
• A1-19 (sifatlar): tall, friendly, kind — bugun odam tasviri.
• A1-16 (so'roq so'zlar): What...? — bugun What...like?.
• A1-22 (have got): He's got blue eyes — tasvirda.
• Tez mashq: sifat ayting: tall ?, kind ?, young ? (short, unkind, old).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Uchta "like/look" savoli — eng muhim farq

Quyidagi to'rt savol o'zbeklar uchun eng chalkash to'plamdir — hammasida deyarli bir xil so'zlar bor, lekin ma'no butunlay boshqa. Jadvalni yod oling: ustunlarni yopib, o'zingizni sinang.

Bu yerdagi mantiq: like "yoqtirmoq" fe'li bo'lsa — does kerak (does he like?); like "qanaqa/o'xshash" bo'lsa — to be kerak (is he like?). look qo'shilsa — tashqi ko'rinish (does he look like?). How is he? esa umuman boshqa — hozirgi holatni so'raydi.

"What's your sister like?"      — Singlingiz qanaqa?  "She's clever and a bit shy." (xarakter)
"What does your sister look like?" — Singlingiz qanday ko'rinishda?  "She's short with long hair." (tashqi)
"What does your sister like?"   — Singlingiz nimani yoqtiradi?  "She likes drawing." (yoqtirishlari)

Eng ko'p xato: "What does he like?" (yoqtirishlari) ni "What's he like?" (xarakter) o'rniga ishlatish. like fe'l (yoqtirmoq) bo'lganda does kerak (What does he like?); like "qanaqa" bo'lganda to be (What is he like?).

3.2. "How is he?" vs "What's he like?"

How is he?       — U qalay? (HOLAT/sog'lik — vaqtinchalik): "He's fine, thanks."
What's he like?  — U qanaqa? (XARAKTER — doimiy): "He's friendly and honest."

How are you? (hozir qalaysiz?) ≠ What are you like? (siz qanaqa odamsiz?). Birinchi — holat; ikkinchi — xarakter.

3.3. look like vs be like vs look + sifat

look like + ot = tashqi o'xshashlik:    She looks like her mother. (onasiga o'xshaydi)
be like + ot = xarakter o'xshashligi:    She's like her mother. (xarakteri o'xshash)
look + SIFAT = ko'rinishi (... ko'rinadi): You look tired. (NOT "look like tired")

He looks like a footballer.  — U futbolchiga o'xshaydi. (tashqi)
He's like his father.         — U otasiga o'xshaydi. (fe'l-atvor)
He looks happy today.         — Bugun xursandga o'xshaydi. (look + sifat — A2-21)

Xato: "He looks like tired" () "He looks tired" (, look + sifat); "He looks like a teacher" (, look like + ot). Sifat look + sifat; ot look like + ot.

3.4. Tashqi ko'rinishni tasvirlash (appearance)

Bo'y (height): tall, short, medium height / average height Tana (build): slim, thin, well-built, fit, overweight, of medium build Soch (hair): long/short, straight/curly/wavy, dark/fair/blonde/grey/red, bald (kal) Yosh (age): young, old, middle-aged, in his twenties/thirties Umumiy: good-looking, handsome (erkak), pretty/beautiful (ayol), ordinary

Tuzilmalar:

He's + sifat:          He's tall and slim.
He's got + (qism):     He's got blue eyes / short brown hair.   (have got — A1-22)
He has + (qism):       She has long curly hair.
... with ...:          a tall man with a beard / a woman with glasses.
... in ...:            the man in the blue jacket / the girl in jeans.

She's tall and slim, with long dark hair and brown eyes. — U baland, nozik, uzun qora soch va jigarrang ko'zli.
He's a middle-aged man with a beard and glasses.         — U soqolli, ko'zoynakli o'rta yoshli erkak.

Yosh (age) — muhim tuzilma: yoshni ingliz tilida to be bilan aytamiz, "have" bilan emas (o'zbekcha "25 yoshda" — He's 25, "He has 25 years" emas!). Taxminiy yoshni esa in his/her ... bilan beramiz:

He's 25. / She's 40.                — Aniq yosh (to be — A1-6).
He's in his twenties.               — U yigirma yoshlarda (20-29).
She's in her early thirties.        — U o'ttizning boshlarida (30-33).
He's in his late forties.           — U qirqning oxirlarida (46-49).
young (yosh) — middle-aged (o'rta yoshli) — old / elderly (keksa) — a teenager (o'smir)

Diqqat: twenties, thirties — har doim ko'plik (-s) va egalik olmoshi bilan: in his twenties (NOT "in twenty"). early = boshi, mid = o'rtasi, late = oxiri.

3.5. Xarakterni tasvirlash (personality)

IJOBIY: friendly, kind, generous (saxiy), funny, polite, honest, hardworking,
        confident (ishonchli), patient (sabrli), clever/smart, reliable (ishonchli), easy-going (qulay)
SALBIY: shy (uyatchan), rude (qo'pol), lazy (dangasa), selfish (xudbin), arrogant (manman),
        strict (qattiqqo'l), serious, impatient (sabrsiz)

He's very kind and always helps others.        — U juda mehribon, doim yordam beradi.
She's a bit shy at first, but very friendly.    — U avval biroz uyatchan, lekin juda do'stona.
My boss is hardworking but quite strict.        — Boshlig'im mehnatkash, lekin ancha qattiqqo'l.

Mini-mashq (xarakter): o'zbekcha sifatni inglizchaga o'giring — 1) mehribon, 2) uyatchan, 3) saxiy, 4) dangasa, 5) sabrli. Javob: 1) kind, 2) shy, 3) generous, 4) lazy, 5) patient.

Mini-mashq (savolni tanlash): javobga qarab to'g'ri savolni tanlang — What's he like? / What does he look like? / What does he like? / How is he?

1. "He's short with glasses." 2) "He's very generous." 3) "He's ill today." 4) "He likes chess." Javob: 1) What does he look like? 2) What's he like? 3) How is he? 4) What does he like?

3.6. Narsa/joy/voqeani tasvirlash — "What ... like?"

"What ... like?" faqat odam emas, narsa, joy, voqea uchun ham:

"What's the weather like?"        — Ob-havo qanday?  "It's cold and windy."
"What was the film like?"          — Film qanday edi?  "It was great / a bit boring."
"What's your new flat like?"       — Yangi kvartirangiz qanaqa?  "It's small but cosy."
"What's it like living abroad?"     — Chet elda yashash qanaqa?  "It's exciting but hard."

4. Misollar (holatlar bo'yicha)

Tasvir so'rash:

What's your new colleague like?    — Yangi hamkasbingiz qanaqa?
What does the hotel look like?     — Mehmonxona qanday ko'rinishda?
What was the concert like?         — Konsert qanday edi?

Tashqi ko'rinish:

She's quite short, with curly blonde hair.   — U pastroq bo'yli, jingalak sariq sochli.
He's the tall guy with glasses.              — U ko'zoynakli baland yigit.
My brother looks like our dad.               — Akam otamizga o'xshaydi.

Xarakter:

He's friendly, but he can be a bit lazy.     — U do'stona, lekin biroz dangasa bo'lishi mumkin.
She's one of the kindest people I know.       — U men bilgan eng mehribon odamlardan biri.

Narsa/voqea:

"How was your weekend?" "Relaxing — exactly what I needed." — Dam oldim — aynan kerak narsa.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

What's he like?  "wɒts-i-layk" (bog'lanib)
What does he look like?  "wɒt-dəz-i-luk-layk"
beard /bɪəd/ "biəd"   moustache /məˈstɑːʃ/ "məsta:sh"   bald /bɔːld/ "bo:ld" (l!)
straight /streɪt/ "streyt"   blonde /blɒnd/ "blond"   slim /slɪm/ "slim"

like ohangi: "What's he LIKE?" — urg'u "like" da, ohang tushadi (tasvir savoli). like — "layk".

Topshiriq (shadowing): "What's he like? What does she look like? He's tall with dark hair. She's kind and funny." ni ayting. Youglish: "what's he like", "what does he look like".

6. So'z boyligi (Anki) — tasvirlash

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• He takes after his father. — "U otasiga tortgan / o'xshaydi."
• She's got a good sense of humour. — "Uning hazil tuyg'usi yaxshi."
• He's down to earth. — "U oddiy, manmanlik yo'q."
• in his/her thirties — "o'ttiz yoshlarda".
• He's the one with the glasses. — "U ko'zoynakli odam." (A2-30 one!)
• What's it like? — "Bu qanaqa?" (tajriba so'rash).

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — uchrashuvni tanish (telefon — A2-29):

A: Hi, I'm coming to meet you at the station. What do you look like? — Salom, bekatda uchrashగani kelyapman. Qanday ko'rinishdasiz?
B: I'm fairly tall, with short dark hair and glasses. — Ancha baland, kalta qora soch va ko'zoynakliman.
A: OK. And what are you wearing?                    — Mayli. Nima kiygansiz?
B: A grey coat and a red scarf. I'm carrying a black bag. — Kulrang palto va qizil sharf. Qora sumka ko'tarib turibman.
A: Great, I think I can see you. Are you the one near the clock? — Zo'r, ko'rsam kerak. Soat yonidagi odammisiz?
B: Yes, that's me! See you in a second.             — Ha, o'sha menman! Hozir ko'rishamiz.

O'qish matni — "My best friend" (tasvir: tashqi + xarakter):

My best friend's name is Kamol. We've known each other since school. — Eng yaqin do'stimning ismi Kamol. Maktabdan beri tanishmiz.
He's quite tall and well-built, with short black hair and a friendly smile. — U ancha baland va baquvvat, kalta qora soch va do'stona tabassumli.
People often say he looks like a sportsman, and he is — he plays football every week. — Odamlar uni sportchiga o'xshaydi deyishadi, shunday ham — har hafta futbol o'ynaydi.
But what I like most is his personality. — Lekin men eng yoqtirgani — uning fe'l-atvori.
He's kind, generous, and always honest, even when it's hard. — U mehribon, saxiy va doim halol, hatto qiyin bo'lganda ham.
He can be a bit stubborn sometimes, but nobody's perfect! — Ba'zan biroz o'jar bo'lishi mumkin, lekin hech kim mukammal emas!
He's the kind of friend everyone needs — reliable and easy-going. — U hammaga kerak bo'ladigan do'st — ishonchli va qulay.

Topshiriq: matnda tashqi ko'rinish va xarakter sifatlarini ajrating. So'ng o'z do'stingiz yoki oila a'zongiz haqida 6-8 gap yozing (tashqi + xarakter).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• "What does he like?" (xarakter ma'nosida): "He's my new boss." — "What does he like?" (qanaqa odam demoqchi). "What's he like?" (xarakter — to be). "What does he like?" = nimani yoqtiradi (boshqa savol). Eng ko'p xato!

• "How does he look like?": "What does he look like?" (What, How emas — tasvir).

• "He looks like tired": "He looks tired" (look + sifat); "He looks like a teacher" (look like + ot).

• "He has 30 years" (yosh): "He's 30 / in his thirties" (yosh — to be, A1-6).

• "How is your new flat?" (tasvir ma'nosida): "What's your new flat like?" (tasvir what...like). How is...? — holat/sog'lik.

• "a man with glasses" o'rniga "a man in glasses" — ikkalasi ham OK aslida; lekin kiyim in (in a jacket), aksessuar with (with glasses).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Qaysi savol? (What's he like? / What does he look like? / What does he like?)

1. "He's tall with brown hair."  savol: ___
2. "He's kind and funny."  savol: ___
3. "He likes football and pizza."  savol: ___

Mashq 2. look like, be like yoki look + sifat?

1. She ___ her mother. (tashqi o'xshashlik)
2. You ___ tired today. (ko'rinish — sifat)
3. What's your teacher ___ ? (xarakter)

Mashq 3. Tasvirni to'ldiring (sifat):

1. Bo'y: He's very ___ (baland).
2. Soch: She's got long ___ hair (jingalak).
3. Xarakter: My brother is ___ (mehribon) and ___ (hazilkash).

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: How does he look like?, He looks like tired., What does she like? (xarakter so'rash), He has 25 years., How is your new job? (qanaqa)

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Boshlig'ingiz qanaqa? = ___
2. U qanday ko'rinishda? = ___
3. U baland bo'yli, qora sochli. = ___
4. U mehribon va do'stona. = ___
5. U otasiga o'xshaydi. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — uchta savolni ajrating: quyidagi odam haqida uch xil savol tuzing:

(your best friend)  What's he/she like? / What does he/she look like? / What does he/she like?

Drill B — tasvirlang (tashqi + xarakter):

"My mother is ___ (tashqi) and ___ (xarakter)."
"My teacher is ___ with ___ ."

Drill C — "What's ... like?" (narsa/voqea):

"What's the weather like today?"  "It's ___ ."
"What was your weekend like?"      "It was ___ ."

Model javoblar (Drill B): My mother is short and slim, and she's very kind and patient. So'ng o'zingizga yaqin uchta odamni tasvirlang (tashqi + xarakter) va yozib chiqing, keyin o'zingizni tekshirib ko'ring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. What does he look like? · 2. What's he like? · 3. What does he like? Mashq 2: 1. looks like · 2. look · 3. like. Mashq 3: 1. tall · 2. curly · 3. kind / funny. Mashq 4: What does he look like? / He looks tired. / What's she like? / He's 25 (He's in his twenties). / What's your new job like? Mashq 5: 1. What's your boss like? · 2. What does he look like? · 3. He's tall with dark hair. · 4. He's kind and friendly. · 5. He looks like his father.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

What is he LIKE? = xarakter (He's kind and funny) — to be
What does he LOOK LIKE? = tashqi ko'rinish (tall with dark hair) — does + look like
What does he LIKE? = yoqtirishlari (football) — does + like (fe'l)
How is he? = holat/sog'lik (fine) ≠ What's he like? (xarakter)
look LIKE + ot (looks like a teacher / her mother) | look + SIFAT (looks tired)
TASHQI: tall/short, slim, hair (curly/straight, dark/fair, bald), beard, ...with/in...
XARAKTER: friendly, kind, shy, confident, hardworking, funny, strict
He's got + (hair/eyes) | a man with a beard / in a blue jacket
"What's it like?" — narsa/joy/voqea uchun ham

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. What's he like? (xarakter) ≠ What does he like? (yoqtirishlari) — eng muhim farq.
2. What does he look like? (tashqi); How is he? (holat).
3. look like + ot (resemblance); look + sifat (looks tired).
4. Tashqi: bo'y/tana/soch/yuz; xarakter: friendly/shy/...
5. He's got blue eyes; a man with/in...; What's it like? (narsa ham).

Bog'lanish: tasvirlash — hikoya, tanishuv, fikrning asosi; B1 da batafsil tavsif, seem/appear, kuchaytiruvchilar (incredibly kind), nisbiy gaplar (the man who...) bilan kengayadi.

A1 va A2 — TO'LIQ YAKUNLANDI!

Tabriklaymiz! Endi A1 va A2 mutlaqo to'liq — auditda topilgan barcha bo'shliqlar to'ldirildi:

A1 (1–24): alifboto bePresent Simpleartikllarko'plikolmoshlarsonlar/vaqt
           so'roqthere is/arepredloglarsifatlarcanimperativeshaveso'z mavzulari
A2 (1–29): Present/Past ContinuousPast Simplekelajaktaqqoslashmiqdormodallar
           phrasal verbsbog'lovchilar + 3 maxsus dars
A2 QO'SHIMCHA (24–31): pronouns (possessive/reflexive/indefinite/one)verb forms
           could/may/used toharakat predloglariconditionalfunksional
           both/either/neither"What...like?" + tasvirlash

Hech bir A1-A2 grammatika, lug'at yoki funksional mavzu qolmadi. Endi siz mustahkam, chinakam to'liq A2 darajasidasiz.

Keyingi bosqich — B1 — 1-dars: Present Perfect (I have done). Eng katta yangi zamon: o'tmishni hozir bilan bog'laydigan have/has + V3 — native nutqning yuragi.

Endi B1 bosqichi boshlanadi — birinchi mavzu Present Perfect.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (What...like?; look/look like); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (like; look like vs be like; describing people); Cambridge English (describing people — appearance/personality); British Council LearnEnglish — "Describing people", "'What's he like?'".