A2 — 32-dars (qo'shimcha, YAKUNIY): as soon as/until, might, So do I/Neither do I, undovlar, fikr, sayohat

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 32-dars (A2 ni to'liq yopuvchi dars)

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu — A2 ning eng oxirgi darsi: qolgan barcha mayda, lekin muhim A2 mavzularni bir joyda yopamiz — vaqt bog'lovchilari (as soon as, until), might (ehtimol), So do I / Neither do I (qisqa rozilik), undov gaplar (What a…! How…!), fikr bildirish (I think, In my opinion), va sayohat lug'ati. Shundan keyin A2 mutlaqo to'liq.

I'll call you as soon as I arrive. (Yetib borishim bilan qo'ng'iroq qilaman.) It might rain later. (Keyinroq yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin.) "I love coffee." — "So do I!" (Men ham!) What a beautiful day! (Qanday go'zal kun!)

Real hayotda nega kerak: bu mavzular — tabiiy, "native" nutqning ziravorlari: rozilik bildirish (So do I), his-tuyg'u (How nice!), ehtimol (might), fikr (In my opinion), sayohat. Ularsiz nutq quruq va "kitobiy" bo'ladi.

Asosiy tushuncha — A2 ning "pardozi": bu dars yangi katta grammatika emas, balki o'rganganni tabiiyroq, ravonroq qiluvchi mayda, lekin kundalik vositalar. Har biri kichik, lekin ularsiz A2 to'liq emas.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A2-28 (if + present): vaqt bog'lovchilarida ham aynan shu qoida (will emas, present).
• A2-8 (will): might — will dan kamroq aniq.
• A2-6 (when/while): bugun as soon as, until qo'shamiz.
• A2-30 (Me neither): bugun So do I / Neither do I.
• Tez mashq: "I'll call you when I ___ (arrive)" (arrive — present, A2-28).

3. Grammatika va funksiyalar — chuqur tushuntirish

3.1. Vaqt bog'lovchilari: as soon as, until, by the time (+ when/before/after)

Vaqt bog'lovchilari ikki voqeani vaqt bo'yicha bog'laydi:

when (…ganda) | while (…ayotganda) | as soon as (…ishi bilan, zahoti)
before (…dan oldin) | after (…dan keyin) | until (…gacha) | by the time (…gacha, vaqtga)

I'll text you as soon as I land.        — Qo'nishim bilan yozaman.
Wait here until I come back.            — Men qaytguncha shu yerda kutib turing.
Finish it before you leave.             — Ketishdan oldin tugatib qo'ying.

ENG MUHIM QOIDA — vaqt bog'lovchisidan keyin WILL EMAS! (xuddi if — A2-28 kabi): kelajak haqida gapirilsa ham, vaqt bog'lovchisidan keyin Present:

text

 I'll call you when I ARRIVE.         ...when I will arrive.
 I'll wait until you FINISH.           ...until you will finish.
 As soon as he ARRIVES, we'll start.   As soon as he will arrive...

until vs by: until = "…gacha (davomli)" — biror vaqtgacha davom etadi: I'll wait until 5. (5gacha kutaman). by = "…gacha (eng kech)" — biror nuqtaga qadar: Finish it by 5. (5gacha tugating — eng kech). "Stay until Friday" (juma kungacha) vs "Send it by Friday" (jumagacha — eng kech).

before / after ham xuddi shu qoidada: kelajak haqida bo'lsa ham, before/after dan keyin Present (will emas):

text

 I'll wash my hands before I EAT.         ...before I will eat.
 After the film FINISHES, we'll go home.  After the film will finish...

Diqqat: before/after dan keyin ba'zan Present Perfect ham keladi (after I've finished) — ma'nosi deyarli bir xil, A2 da oddiy Present yetadi.

Tartib erkin (vergulga e'tibor): vaqt bo'lagi gap boshida ham, oxirida ham kelaveradi. Boshida bo'lsa — vergul qo'yiladi: "As soon as I arrive, I'll call you." (vergul bor). Oxirida bo'lsa — vergul yo'q: "I'll call you as soon as I arrive." Ma'no bir xil.

3.2. might / might not — EHTIMOL ("balki, mumkin")

might + sof fe'l = "balki, …ishi mumkin" — will dan kam aniq (50/50 ehtimol):

might + V1 (modal):  I might go to the party. (boraman ham, bormay ham)
might not + V1:      She might not come. (kelmasligi mumkin)

It might rain later, so take an umbrella.   — Keyinroq yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin, soyabon oling.
I'm not sure, but he might know.             — Aniq emas, lekin u bilishi mumkin.
We might go to Italy next year.              — Keyingi yil Italyaga borishimiz mumkin.

Aniqlik darajasi: will (aniq: It will rain) > going to (dalil: It's going to rain) > might/may (ehtimol: It might rain). might = may (ehtimol) — deyarli bir xil; might biroz kam aniq. Diqqat: might — modal (sof fe'l, -s yo'q, to'siz): he might go (he mights ).

3.3. So do I / Neither do I — qisqa ROZILIK (yordamchi bilan)

Birovning gapiga rozilik bildirish — Me too/neither dan tabiiyroq, "yordamchi fe'l" bilan:

Ijobiy gapga rozilik So + yordamchi + ega:

"I like coffee."      "So do I."     (men ham — like  do)
"I'm tired."           "So am I."     (to be  am)
"I went there."        "So did I."    (past  did)
"I can swim."          "So can I."    (can  can)
"I've finished."       "So have I."   (have  have)

Inkor gapga rozilik Neither/Nor + yordamchi + ega:

"I don't like tea."    "Neither do I." / "Nor do I."   (= men ham yo'q)
"I'm not hungry."      "Neither am I."
"I can't swim."         "Neither can I."

Tuzilma: So/Neither + yordamchi + ega (teskari tartib! So do I, NOT So I do). Yordamchi asl gapga mos: likedo, amam, wentdid, cancan, havehave. Norasmiy: "Me too" (ijobiy), "Me neither" (inkor) — oddiy, lekin So do I tabiiyroq/to'g'riroq. Rozi bo'lmaslik: "I like it." — "I don't." (men yo'q); "I'm not tired." — "I am!" (men charchaganman). Yordamchini "echo" qilish — asosiy fokus: javobdagi yordamchi asl gapdagi yordamchini takrorlaydi (aks-sado). Agar asl gapda yordamchi ko'rinmasa (Present/Past Simple), do/does/did olinadi: "I get up early." "So do I." · "He works hard." "So does she." · "They left." "So did we." Modal/to be/have bo'lsa — o'sha o'zi qaytadi: "I should go." "So should I." "I" shart emas: ega har qanday bo'lishi mumkin: "So does my brother." / "Neither do my parents." So do I ≠ So I do: "So do I" = "men ham" (rozilik). "So I do!" (teskari EMAS) = "rostdan ham shunday ekan!" (o'zini o'zi tan olish, boshqa ma'no). A2 da rozilik uchun doim teskari tartib: So + yordamchi + ega.

3.4. Undov gaplar: What a…! / How…! (his-tuyg'u)

His-tuyg'u (hayrat, zavq, achinish) ni kuchli ifodalash:

What + (a/an) + sifat + ot!:

What a beautiful day!       — Qanday go'zal kun! (birlik ot  a/an)
What an amazing idea!        — Qanday ajoyib fikr!
What lovely flowers!         — Qanday chiroyli gullar! (ko'plik  a yo'q)
What nice weather!           — Qanday yaxshi ob-havo! (sanalmaydigan  a yo'q)

How + sifat/ravish!:

How nice!                    — Qanday yaxshi!
How beautiful!               — Qanday go'zal!
How kind of you!             — Qanday mehribonsiz!
How quickly time flies!      — Vaqt qanday tez o'tadi!

Tanlash: ot bor What (a)…; faqat sifat How…. "What a beautiful!" ( — ot yo'q) "How beautiful!" yoki "What a beautiful day!".

3.5. Fikr bildirish (giving opinions)

Fikr boshlash:
  I think (that)… / I believe… / I feel…    — Menimcha…
  In my opinion… / Personally… / If you ask me… — Mening fikrimcha…
  I'd say…                                    — Aytardimki…
Rozilik:
  I agree (with you). / You're right. / Exactly! / That's true. — Roziman.
  I think so. / I suppose so.                 — Shekilli / shunday.
Rad/ikkilanish:
  I disagree. / I don't agree. / I'm not sure about that. — Rozi emasman.
  I see your point, but… / Yes, but…          — Fikringizni tushunaman, lekin…
  I don't think so.                           — Menimcha unday emas.

In my opinion, learning a language is the best investment. — Menimcha, til o'rganish — eng yaxshi sarmoya.
"This film is great." — "I agree, but the ending was weak." — Roziman, lekin oxiri bo'sh edi.

I think + inkor: "menimcha … emas" odatda think da inkor: "I don't think it's true" (, "I think it isn't true" dan tabiiyroq).

3.6. Sayohat va transport lug'ati

Transport turlari:

bus, train, plane, ship, ferry, taxi, the underground/metro/subway, tram, bike
by bus/train/plane/car/taxi  (lekin: ON FOOT — piyoda!)

Joylar:

station, airport, platform, gate, bus stop, ticket office, check-in, departure/arrival

Harakatlar (kollokatsiya):

catch / miss a bus/train  — ulgurmoq / kech qolmoq
get on / get off (a bus, train, plane)  — chiqmoq / tushmoq (A1-18)
board the plane  — samolyotga chiqmoq      take off / land  — uchmoq / qo'nmoq
check in (luggage)  — ro'yxatdan o'tmoq    change (trains)  — almashtirmoq
book / buy a ticket  — chipta olmoq        a single / return ticket  — bir tomonlama / borish-qaytish

We caught the early train and changed at the next station. — Erta poyezdga ulgurdik va keyingi bekatda almashtirdik.
I'd like a return ticket to London, please.                — Londonga borish-qaytish chiptasi bersangiz.
The plane takes off at six and lands at nine.              — Samolyot 6 da uchadi, 9 da qo'nadi.

4. Misollar (mavzu bo'yicha)

VAQT:    Call me as soon as you're free. / Wait until the rain stops.
MIGHT:   I might be late — there's a lot of traffic.
SO/NEITHER: "I love this song." — "So do I!" / "I don't eat meat." — "Neither do I."
UNDOV:   What a surprise! / How exciting! / What a long day!
FIKR:    In my opinion, it's too expensive. / I agree with you.
SAYOHAT: We missed the bus, so we took a taxi to the station.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

as soon as  "əz-su:n-əz"   until /ənˈtɪl/ "əntil"   might /maɪt/ "mayt"
neither /ˈnaɪðə/ yoki /ˈniːðə/   "So do I"  "sou-du-ay"
What a...  "wɒt-ə" (bog'lanib: "wodə")   How...  "hau"
platform /ˈplætfɔːm/   luggage /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/ "lagij"

So/Neither do I: urg'u yordamchida: "So DO I", "Neither CAN I" — rozilikni ta'kidlaydi.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "as soon as, until, might, So do I, Neither do I, What a day!, How nice!" ni ayting. "I'll call you as soon as I arrive. It might rain." ni mashq qiling.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks): as soon as possible (ASAP) · It might be worth… · So am I / Me too · What a shame! (Afsus!) · How come? (Qanday qilib?) · I couldn't agree more (To'liq roziman) · catch a flight · miss the train.

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — rozilik, ehtimol, fikr:

A: I think we should leave early tomorrow.            — Menimcha ertaga erta chiqsak kerak.
B: So do I. The roads might be busy.                   — Men ham. Yo'llar band bo'lishi mumkin.
A: Exactly. As soon as we're ready, let's go.          — Aynan. Tayyor bo'lishimiz bilan ketaylik.
B: Good plan. By the way, what a beautiful morning!    — Yaxshi reja. Aytgancha, qanday go'zal tong!
A: It really is. Although it might rain later, I think. — Rostdan ham. Garchi keyinroq yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin shekilli.
B: Maybe. But I don't think it'll be heavy.            — Balki. Lekin kuchli bo'lmaydi deb o'ylayman.
A: I hope you're right. I don't like driving in the rain. — Haq bo'lsangiz yaxshi. Yomg'irda haydashni yoqtirmayman.
B: Neither do I! Let's wait until it clears.            — Men ham! Ochilguncha kutaylik.

O'qish matni — "A travel day" (sayohat + vaqt bog'lovchilari):

We had to catch an early flight, so we got up at four. — Erta reysga ulgurishimiz kerak edi, shuning uchun to'rtda turdik.
By the time we reached the airport, it was already busy. — Aeroportga yetganimizda, u allaqachon gavjum edi.
We checked in our luggage and waited until they called our gate. — Yukimizni topshirdik va darvozamizni e'lon qilguncha kutdik.
"What a long queue!" I said, but it moved quickly.       — "Qanday uzun navbat!" dedim, lekin u tez harakatlandi.
The plane took off on time and landed three hours later. — Samolyot o'z vaqtida uchdi va uch soatdan keyin qo'ndi.
As soon as we got off, we took a taxi to the hotel.      — Tushishimiz bilan mehmonxonaga taksida ketdik.
It might not have been a relaxing day, but it was exciting! — Dam oladigan kun bo'lmagandir, lekin hayajonli edi!

Topshiriq: matnda vaqt bog'lovchilari (as soon as, by the time, until), might, undov (What a…!) ni belgilang. So'ng o'z sayohat kuningiz haqida 6 gap yozing (sayohat lug'ati + vaqt bog'lovchilari bilan).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Vaqt bog'lovchisidan keyin will: I'll call you when I will arrive. Wait until I will come. …when I arrive. …until I come. (vaqt bog'lovchi Present, A2-28 kabi).

• So I do / Me too do: "I like it." — "So I do." "So do I." (So + yordamchi + ega — teskari tartib).

• What/How aralashtirish: How a nice day! / What nice! What a nice day! (ot bor What a); How nice! (faqat sifat How).

• might + to / -s: It mights rain. / It might to rain. It might rain. (modal — sof fe'l, -s yo'q, to'siz).

• on foot o'rniga "by foot": I go to work by foot. …on foot. (faqat on foot; qolgani by bus/car).

• "I think it isn't" (tabiiyroq inkor think da): odatda: "I don't think it's…" (inkorni think ga ko'chirish tabiiyroq).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Fe'lni to'g'ri shaklga (vaqt bog'lovchisidan keyin — will EMAS):

1. I'll call you as soon as I ___ (get) home.
2. Wait here until I ___ (come) back.
3. By the time you ___ (read) this, I'll be gone.
4. We'll start as soon as everyone ___ (be) ready.

Mashq 2. So + yordamchi + I yoki Neither + yordamchi + I?

1. "I'm tired."  "___ ."
2. "I don't like horror films."  "___ ."
3. "I went to the gym."  "___ ."
4. "I can't swim."  "___ ."
5. "I love pizza."  "___ ."

Mashq 3. What a…! yoki How…!

1. ___ beautiful day! (ot bor)
2. ___ nice! (faqat sifat)
3. ___ amazing view! (ot bor)
4. ___ kind of you!

Mashq 4. might bilan ifodalang (ehtimol):

1. Maybe it will rain.  It ___ .
2. Perhaps she won't come.  She ___ .

Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang: I'll call when I will arrive., "I like it." — "So I do.", How a nice day!, It mights rain., I go by foot.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Yetib borishim bilan qo'ng'iroq qilaman. = ___
2. Keyinroq yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin. = ___
3. "Men charchaganman." — "Men ham." = ___
4. Qanday go'zal kun! = ___
5. Menimcha, bu juda qimmat. = ___

Mashq 7. Fe'lni to'g'ri shaklga (before/after/until — will EMAS):

1. After I ___ (finish) work, I'll go home.
2. I'll read a book before I ___ (go) to bed.
3. Don't leave until the teacher ___ (say) so.
4. As soon as the rain ___ (stop), we'll go out.

Mashq 8. So/Neither + yordamchi + (turli ega) — qavsdagi egaga moslang:

1. "I like tea."  "___ (my sister)."
2. "He can't drive."  "___ (I)."
3. "They went home early."  "___ (we)."
4. "She works from home."  "___ (my brother)."

Mashq 9. Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring (might / So do I / What a / In my opinion — mos so'z):

1. I'm not sure, but it ___ snow tonight.
2. "I don't eat sugar." — "___ !"
3. ___ tiny room! I can't fit my bed in it.
4. ___ , the second book is better than the first.

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — So/Neither do I: men gap aytaman, siz rozilik bildiring:

"I'm hungry."  So am I.
"I don't drink coffee."  ___
"I've been to London."  ___
"I can drive."  ___

Drill B — fikr + rozilik: mavzuga fikr bildiring:

"In my opinion, ___ ." (biror mavzu)
"I agree that ___ , but ___ ."

Drill C — sayohat (vaqt bog'lovchilari):

"As soon as I arrive, I'll ___ ."
"I'll wait until ___ ."

Model javoblar (Drill A): Neither do I. / So have I. / So can I. So'ng o'zingiz haqingizda: nima yoqtirasiz/yoqtirmaysiz — har bir gapga So do I / Neither do I qolipida qisqa rozilik javobi tuzing va o'zingizni tekshiring (yordamchi asl gapga mos kelyaptimi?).

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. get · 2. come · 3. read · 4. is. Mashq 2: 1. So am I. · 2. Neither do I. · 3. So did I. · 4. Neither can I. · 5. So do I. Mashq 3: 1. What a · 2. How · 3. What an · 4. How. Mashq 4: 1. It might rain. · 2. She might not come. Mashq 5: I'll call when I arrive. / "So do I." / What a nice day! / It might rain. / I go on foot. Mashq 6: 1. I'll call you as soon as I arrive. · 2. It might rain later. · 3. "I'm tired." — "So am I." · 4. What a beautiful day! · 5. In my opinion, it's too expensive. Mashq 7: 1. finish · 2. go · 3. says · 4. stops. (hammasi Present — vaqt bog'lovchisidan keyin will yo'q). Mashq 8: 1. So does my sister. · 2. Neither can I. · 3. So did we. · 4. So does my brother. (yordamchi asl gapga mos: likedoes, can'tcan, wentdid, worksdoes). Mashq 9: 1. might · 2. Neither do I · 3. What a · 4. In my opinion.

12. Xulosa

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

VAQT BOG'LOVCHILARI: when/while/as soon as/until/before/after/by the time
    keyin WILL EMAS (Present): "as soon as I ARRIVE" | until (davomli) vs by (eng kech)
MIGHT + V1 = ehtimol (will>going to>might/may aniqlik); might not | modal (sof fe'l)
SO + yordamchi + I (ijobiy rozilik) | NEITHER/NOR + yordamchi + I (inkor rozilik)
   "I like..."  So do I | "I'm..."  So am I | "I can't..."  Neither can I
UNDOV: What (a/an) + (sifat) + OT! | How + sifat/ravish!
FIKR: I think/In my opinion/Personally | I agree/disagree | I don't think so
SAYOHAT: catch/miss, get on/off, board, take off/land, change, single/return ticket; ON foot

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Vaqt bog'lovchisi (as soon as/until) keyin Present (will emas).
2. might — ehtimol (modal, sof fe'l).
3. So do I / Neither do I — yordamchi + ega (teskari).
4. What a…! (ot bor) / How…! (sifat).
5. Fikr (In my opinion) + sayohat lug'ati (on foot, return ticket).

A1 va A2 — MUTLAQO, TO'LIQ YAKUNLANDI!

Bu — A2 ning chinakam oxirgi darsi. Uchta auditdan so'ng, hech bir A1-A2 mavzu, qoida, lug'at yoki funksiya qolmadi.

A1 (24 dars): alifbo · to be · Present Simple · artikllar · ko'plik · barcha olmoshlar
   · sonlar/vaqt · so'roq · there is/are · predloglar · sifatlar · can · imperatives · have
A2 (32 dars): Present/Past Continuous · Past Simple (4 dars) · kelajak (going to/will)
   · taqqoslash · miqdor · barcha modallar (can/could/may/might/should/must/have to/used to)
   · phrasal verbs · bog'lovchilar · conditional (0/1) · verb+-ing/to · -ed/-ing sifatlar
   · noaniq olmoshlar · vaqt bog'lovchilari · So do I/undovlar/fikr · "What...like?"/tasvirlash
   + 4 MAXSUS funksional/reading dars (plans · shopping · daily life · phone/directions/health)

Jami: A1 (24) + A2 (32) = 56 dars. Endi siz mutlaq, hech qoldiqsiz A2 darajasida.

Keyingi bosqich (siz tayyor bo'lganda) — B1 — 1-dars: Present Perfect. A2/B1 ko'prigi: Have you ever…? I've never… — o'tmishni hozir bilan bog'lash. B1 ni boshlash uchun ayting.

A2 to'liq tugadi. B1 hozircha boshlanmaydi (siz aytganingizcha).

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (when/as soon as/until — future, Unit 25; might Units 29–30; so/neither do I, Unit 51; What…!/How…!); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (time conjunctions; might; so am I; exclamations; opinions); Cambridge English A2 Key; British Council LearnEnglish.