A2 — 7-dars: Kelajak — "be going to" (reja va bashorat)

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 7-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

So'nggi besh darsda o'tmishni (was/were, Past Simple, Past Continuous) puxta o'rgandingiz. Endi vaqt o'qida oldinga — kelajakka o'tamiz! Kelajak haqida gapirishning eng muhim, eng ko'p ishlatiladigan usuli — be going to (… moqchi / … adi).

Bu tuzilma ikki narsani bildiradi: (1) oldindan o'ylangan reja/niyat — I'm going to start a new course (Yangi kurs boshlamoqchiman); (2) hozirgi dalilga asoslangan bashorat — Look at those clouds — it's going to rain! (Anavi bulutlarga qara — yomg'ir yog'adi!).

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Rejalarni aytish: "What are you going to do this weekend?" — "I'm going to relax."
• Maqsad/karyera (intervyu!): "I'm going to specialize in backend development." "We're going to launch in March."
• Bashorat: "This project is going to be huge." "It's going to be a long day."
• Niyat bildirish: "I'm going to learn English to a native level" — aynan siz!

Asosiy tushuncha — ingliz tilida "kelajak zamoni" YO'Q (bitta emas!): o'zbekchada kelajak bitta qo'shimcha (-aman: boraman) bilan beriladi. Ingliz tilida esa kelajakni ifodalashning bir nechta usuli bor, har biri boshqa niyat bilan: be going to (reja/dalil), will (keyingi dars), Present Continuous (kelishilgan uchrashuv — A2-1), va hatto Present Simple (jadval — The train leaves at 9). Bugun eng keng tarqalganidan — be going to dan boshlaymiz. Qaysi birini qachon ishlash — A2-8 da to'liq ajratamiz.

O'xshatish: be going to — bu "yo'lga chiqqan o'q". Reja allaqachon otilgan (qaror qabul qilingan), endi nishonga qarab uchyapti. Shuning uchun: o'ylangan reja (otilgan o'q) yoki ko'rinib turgan natija (o'q nishonga yaqinlashyapti — it's going to hit). will esa — hali otilmagan o'q (shu zahoti qaror).

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror (spiral)

• A1-5 (to be): am/is/are — be going to ning birinchi qismi aynan shu.
• A2-1 (Present Continuous): I'm working tuzilmasi. be going to ham am/is/are bilan boshlanadi — shakli o'xshash, lekin keyin "going to + fe'l" keladi.
• A2-1 (kelajak reja — Present Continuous): I'm meeting Tom at 5 (kelishilgan). Bugun be going to (niyat) bilan solishtiramiz 3.7-bob.
• Tez mashq: am/is/are to'ldiring: I ___, she ___, they ___ (am/is/are). Bugun bularga "going to + fe'l" qo'shamiz.

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Tuzilma — am/is/are + going to + V1 (sof fe'l)

Formula uch qismdan iborat:

EGA + am/is/are + going to + asosiy fe'l (SOF — V1)

  I        am   going to  start.
  He/She/It is  going to  start.
  You/We/They are going to start.

To'liq jadval:

Oltin qoida: be going to dan keyin fe'l har doim sof (V1) — going to start (going to starts , going to starting ). Va to be (am/is/are) shart: I going to (), I am going to ().

Diqqat — "going to go" mumkinmi? Ha, grammatik to'g'ri: I'm going to go to the party. Lekin og'zaki nutqda ko'pincha go/come takrorini kamaytirib, Present Continuous ishlatiladi: I'm going to the party (A2-1). Ikkalasi ham to'g'ri.

3.2. 1-MA'NO: oldindan o'ylangan reja / niyat (intention)

Eng asosiy ma'no — gapirishdan oldin qaror qilingan reja, niyat, maqsad:

I'm going to start a new job next month.   — Keyingi oy yangi ishga kirmoqchiman.
We're going to move to a bigger flat.       — Kattaroq kvartiraga ko'chmoqchimiz.
She's going to study medicine.              — U tibbiyotni o'qimoqchi.
They're going to get married in summer.     — Yozda turmush qurishmoqchi.
I'm going to learn English to a high level. — Inglizchani yuqori darajagacha o'rganmoqchiman.

Kalit: bu qaror ALLAQACHON qabul qilingan (hozir o'ylab topilmagan). Shuning uchun o'zbekcha "…moqchiman / …maqchi" bilan to'g'ri keladi.

3.3. 2-MA'NO: hozirgi DALILga asoslangan bashorat (prediction from evidence)

Hozir ko'rinib, sezilib turgan belgiga qarab kelajakni bashorat qilish. Ya'ni dalil hozir ko'z oldingizda:

Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.   — Anavi qora bulutlar! Yomg'ir yog'adi. (bulutlar — dalil)
She's going to have a baby. (qorni katta)         — U farzandli bo'ladi. (ko'rinib turibdi)
Watch out! You're going to fall!                   — Ehtiyot bo'ling! Yiqilasiz! (hozir muvozanat yo'q)
Our team is 4-0 up — we're going to win!           — Jamoamiz 4-0 oldinda — yutamiz! (hisob — dalil)
I don't feel well. I think I'm going to be sick.   — O'zimni yomon his qilyapman. Ko'nglim ayniydi shekilli.

Kalit: will dan farqi — bu yerda bashorat dalilga asoslangan (men shunchaki o'ylamayapman, ko'ryapman/sezyapman). will — fikr/taxmin (A2-8).

3.4. 3-MA'NO: tez orada bo'ladigan ish (imminent)

Bir narsa mana hozir, shu zahoti bo'lmoqchi bo'lsa:

Hurry up! The train is going to leave!   — Shoshiling! Poyezd jo'nab ketadi!
Be careful — the glass is going to fall! — Ehtiyot bo'ling — stakan tushadi!
I'm going to sneeze!                      — Aksirmoqchiman!

3.5. Inkor — am/is/are + not + going to

I'm not going to argue with you.         — Siz bilan tortishmoqchi emasman.
He isn't going to come.                   — U kelmoqchi emas.
We aren't going to give up.               — Taslim bo'lmoqchi emasmiz.
It isn't going to work.                    — Bu ishlamaydi. (bashorat — dasturchi!)

3.6. Savol — am/is/are ni oldinga

Are you going to call him?        Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Is she going to accept the offer?  Yes, she is.
What are you going to do?         — Nima qilmoqchisiz?
When are they going to arrive?    — Qachon kelishadi?
How are you going to fix it?      — Buni qanday tuzatmoqchisiz?

3.7. KATTA HOLAT: be going to vs Present Continuous (kelajak) — nozik farq

A2-1 da Present Continuous kelishilgan uchrashuv uchun edi (I'm meeting Tom at 5). Endi be going to niyat uchun. Farqi:

I'm going to see a doctor. (niyat — hali vaqt olmaganman)
I'm seeing the doctor at 4. (kelishilgan — uchrashuv belgilangan)

Native nozikligi: ko'p hollarda ikkalasi ham to'g'ri keladi va farq juda kichik: "I'm going to meet / I'm meeting my friends this weekend." Ikkalasi ham tabiiy. Aniq vaqt/joy belgilangan bo'lsa — Present Continuous tabiiyroq; umumiy niyat bo'lsa — going to.

3.8. HOLAT: was/were going to — "amalga oshmagan reja" (future in the past)

Bu — juda foydali, ko'p ishlatiladigan tuzilma: o'tmishda rejalashtirilgan, lekin bajarilmagan (yoki o'zgargan) ish. "…moqchi edim, lekin…":

I was going to call you, but I forgot.        — Sizga qo'ng'iroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin unutdim.
We were going to travel, but the flight got cancelled. — Sayohat qilmoqchi edik, lekin reys bekor bo'ldi.
She was going to quit, but they gave her a raise. — U ishdan ketmoqchi edi, lekin maoshini oshirdi.

Bu — afsus, o'zgargan reja, bahona uchun ajoyib. be going to ning was/were (o'tgan) shakli.

3.9. Vaqt so'zlari (kelajak signallari)

tomorrow (ertaga), tonight (bugun kechqurun), soon (tez orada)
next week/month/year (keyingi hafta/oy/yil)
this weekend/evening, in a few minutes/days (bir necha daqiqa/kundan keyin)
later (keyinroq), in the future (kelajakda), one day / someday (bir kun)

4. Misollar (ma'no bo'yicha guruhlangan)

REJA / NIYAT:

I'm going to save money this year.        — Bu yil pul yig'moqchiman.
We're going to start a business.          — Biznes boshlamoqchimiz.
He's going to apply for the job.          — U ishga ariza bermoqchi.
Are you going to watch the game tonight?  — Bugun o'yinni ko'rmoqchimisan?

DALILGA ASOSLANGAN BASHORAT:

The sky is grey — it's going to snow.     — Osmon kulrang — qor yog'adi.
He's driving too fast — he's going to crash! — U juda tez haydayapti — to'qnashadi!
This is going to be a great year.         — Bu zo'r yil bo'ladi.

INKOR / SAVOL:

I'm not going to lie to you.              — Sizga yolg'on gapirmoqchi emasman.
She isn't going to like this.             — Bu unga yoqmaydi.
What time are you going to leave?         — Soat nechada ketmoqchisiz?

WAS GOING TO (amalga oshmagan):

I was going to help, but I ran out of time. — Yordam bermoqchi edim, lekin vaqtim yetmadi.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

(a) "going to" "gonna" (eng muhim native xususiyat!): og'zaki nutqda going to deyarli har doim /ˈɡənə/ "gonna" bo'lib qisqaradi:

I'm going to call  "I'm gonna call" "aym gonə ko:l"
What are you going to do?  "Whatcha gonna do?" "wɒtʃə gonə du:"

Diqqat: gonna faqat fe'l oldidan keladigan going to da: I'm gonna go. Agar going to dan keyin joy kelsa (harakat ma'nosida), gonna ishlatilmaydi: I'm going to London "going to" (gonna EMAS). Va yozuvda gonna yozmang (faqat og'zaki/qo'shiq/chat).

(b) "going to" zaif (rasmiyroq): /ˈɡəʊɪŋ tə/ "gouiŋ tə" — to zaif "tə".

(c) qisqartmalar: I'm /aym/, he's /hi:z/, they're /ðeə/, isn't /iznt/, aren't /a:nt/.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I'm going to..." ni avval to'liq, keyin "I'm gonna..." deb ayting. "What are you gonna do?" ni tez nutqda mashq qiling. Youglish: "gonna", "going to".

6. Yangi so'zlar (kengaytirilgan Anki jadvali) — reja, niyat, kelajak

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• I'm going to give it a try / a go. — "Bir urinib ko'raman."
• It's going to be fine / OK / alright. — "Hammasi yaxshi bo'ladi." (tinchlantirish)
• What are you going to do (about it)? — "Nima qilmoqchisiz (bu haqda)?"
• I was going to + V, but… — "…moqchi edim, lekin…" 3.8-bob.
• I'm about to + V — "Endigina …moqchiman" (I'm about to start.).
• Things are going to change. — "Narsalar o'zgaradi." Kollokatsiya: make a plan, set a goal, apply for a job, save money, give up, make a decision, change your mind.

7. O'qish matni va dialog (ko'proq input)

Dialog — "New year, new plans" (rejalar):

A: So, what are you going to do this year?      — Xo'sh, bu yil nima qilmoqchisan?
B: A lot! First, I'm going to get serious about English. — Ko'p narsa! Avval, inglizchani jiddiy olmoqchiman.
A: Nice! How are you going to do that?           — Zo'r! Buni qanday qilmoqchisan?
B: I'm going to study every day and practise speaking. I'm not going to skip days. — Har kuni o'qib, gapirishni mashq qilmoqchiman. Kunlarni o'tkazmoqchi emasman.
A: That's a good plan. Are you going to take a test? — Yaxshi reja. Test topshirmoqchimisan?
B: Yes, I'm going to take IELTS in autumn. And then I'm going to apply for remote jobs. — Ha, kuzda IELTS topshirmoqchiman. Keyin masofaviy ishlarga ariza bermoqchiman.
A: It's going to be a busy year for you!          — Sen uchun band yil bo'ladi!
B: Definitely. But I'm going to make it work.     — Aniq. Lekin uddasidan chiqaman.

O'qish matni — "My five-year plan" (maqsad/karyera — intervyu uchun):

I have a clear plan for the next few years.       — Keyingi bir necha yilga aniq rejam bor.
First, I'm going to become a confident English speaker. — Avval, inglizchada ishonchli gapiruvchi bo'lmoqchiman.
This year, I'm going to finish this course and reach a high level. — Bu yil shu kursni tugatib, yuqori darajaga yetmoqchiman.
Next, I'm going to build a strong portfolio of projects. — Keyin, loyihalardan kuchli portfolio yaratmoqchiman.
After that, I'm going to apply for international companies. — Shundan keyin, xalqaro kompaniyalarga ariza bermoqchiman.
It isn't going to be easy, and I'm going to make mistakes. — Oson bo'lmaydi, va xato qilaman.
But I'm not going to quit. I'm going to keep going until I succeed. — Lekin taslim bo'lmayman. Muvaffaqiyatga erishgunimcha davom etaman.

Topshiriq: matnda har be going to ni belgilang — qaysi niyat (reja), qaysi bashorat (it isn't going to be easy)? So'ng o'zingizning kelajak rejangiz (bu yil yoki 5 yil) haqida 8 gap yozing — be going to bilan.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• to be ni tushirish: I going to study. He going to come. Sabab: o'zbekcha "…moqchi" da yordamchi yo'q. I'm going to study. He's going to come. (am/is/are shart).

• going to dan keyin -s yoki -ing: He's going to comes / coming. He's going to come. (sof fe'l — V1).

• "will" va "going to" ni reja uchun aralashtirish (spontan vs rejali): (rejani aytganda) "I will study tonight" o'rnida — to'g'ri, lekin going to tabiiyroq qaror oldindan bo'lsa. (To'liq farq — A2-8.)

• Yozuvda "gonna": I'm gonna call you (rasmiy matnda). Yozuvda I'm going to call you; gonna faqat og'zaki/norasmiy.

• "going to" ni harakat "bormoq" bilan chalkashtirish: I'm going to home (uyga bormoqchiman ma'nosida). Bu yerda ikki narsa: I'm going home (uyga ketyapman/ketmoqchiman — harakat) yoki I'm going to + fe'l. "to home" baribir noto'g'ri (home — to'siz, A1-18).

• was going to ni hozirgi bilan: I am going to call you but I forgot (o'tg'an reja). I was going to call you, but I forgot. (amalga oshmagan reja — o'tgan shakl).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. be going to ga qo'ying (to'g'ri shakl):

I ___ (start) a new course.       She ___ (not / come) tonight.
They ___ (move) next month.       We ___ (save) money.
He ___ (apply) for the job.       It ___ (rain) — look at the sky!

Mashq 2. Reja (niyat) yoki bashorat (dalil)? — har gapni belgilang:

1. I'm going to learn to drive this summer.
2. Be careful! You're going to drop it!
3. We're going to visit Italy next year.
4. The clouds are black — it's going to rain.
5. She's going to start her own company.

Mashq 3. Savol tuzing + qisqa javob:

(you / watch / the match)  ___ ? — Yes, ___.
(she / accept / the offer)  ___ ? — No, ___.
(what / you / do / tomorrow)  ___ ?

Mashq 4. Inkorga aylantiring:

I'm going to argue.  ___
He's going to come.  ___
They're going to give up.  ___

Mashq 5. was/were going to bilan to'ldiring ("amalga oshmagan reja"):

1. I ___ (call) you, but I forgot.
2. We ___ (travel), but the trip got cancelled.
3. She ___ (quit), but they gave her a raise.

Mashq 6. Xatoni to'g'rilang: I going to study., He's going to comes., I'm gonna call you (rasmiy xat)., She going to not come., I am going to call you but I forgot.

Mashq 7. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Bu yil pul yig'moqchiman. = ___
2. Yomg'ir yog'adi — bulutlarga qarang! = ___
3. Nima qilmoqchisiz? = ___
4. Taslim bo'lmayman. = ___
5. Sizga qo'ng'iroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin unutdim. = ___

Mashq 8 (production): o'zingizning 5 ta rejangizni yozing (I'm going to…) — kamida bittasi inkor (I'm not going to…).

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — niyat (intention): "I'm going to ___ (next year)" — berilgan mavzudan reja yasang:

(English)   I'm going to reach a high level in English.
(money)     ___
(travel)    ___
(health)    ___

Drill B — bashorat (dalildan): vaziyat beriladi, going to bilan bashorat qiling:

The sky is full of black clouds.   It's going to rain.
He hasn't studied at all.          He's going to ___ the exam.   (fail)
They are winning 5-0.              They're going to ___ .        (win)
She is driving very fast on ice.   She's going to ___ .          (crash / have an accident)

Drill C — amalga oshmagan reja: "I was going to ___, but ___":

(call you / forgot)       I was going to call you, but I forgot.
(go out / it rained)      ___
(buy it / too expensive)  ___

Model javoblar (Drill A):

• I'm going to save money every month.
• I'm going to travel to a new country.
• I'm going to get fit / exercise more.

So'ng o'zingizning 4 ta haqiqiy rejangiz bilan ayting/yozing va "tekshir" deb yuboring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: am going to start / isn't going to come / are going to move / are going to save / is going to apply / is going to rain. Mashq 2: 1. reja · 2. bashorat (dalil) · 3. reja · 4. bashorat (dalil) · 5. reja. Mashq 3: Are you going to watch the match? — Yes, I am. / Is she going to accept the offer? — No, she isn't. / What are you going to do tomorrow? Mashq 4: I'm not going to argue. / He isn't going to come. / They aren't going to give up. Mashq 5: 1. was going to call · 2. were going to travel · 3. was going to quit. Mashq 6: I'm going to study. / He's going to come. / I'm going to call you. / She isn't going to come. / I was going to call you, but I forgot. Mashq 7: 1. I'm going to save money this year. · 2. It's going to rain — look at the clouds! · 3. What are you going to do? · 4. I'm not going to give up. · 5. I was going to call you, but I forgot.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

be going to = am/is/are + going to + V1 (sof fe'l)   ("…moqchi / …adi")
  IJOBIY:  I'm going to start | She's going to come
  INKOR:   'm not / isn't / aren't going to + V1
  SAVOL:   Am/Is/Are + ega + going to + V1?   (What are you going to do?)
  MA'NOLAR: 1) reja/niyat (oldindan qaror)  2) dalilga asoslangan bashorat
            3) tez orada (imminent)
  was/were going to = amalga oshmagan reja (I was going to call, but...)
  Talaffuz: "going to"  "gonna" (og'zaki; yozuvda EMAS)
  vs Present Continuous (A2-1): going to = niyat | PC = kelishilgan uchrashuv

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. be going to + V1 — kelajak reja/niyat va dalilga asoslangan bashorat.
2. to be (am/is/are) shart; fe'l sof (going to come).
3. Reja (oldindan qaror) vs bashorat (hozirgi dalil) — ikki ma'no.
4. was going to — amalga oshmagan o'tgan reja.
5. Og'zaki gonna; Present Continuous (uchrashuv) bilan nozik farq.

Bog'lanish: be going to — kelajakning birinchi usuli. Keyingi dars will ni beradi va going to vs will ni to'liq ajratadi (eng muhim kelajak farqi). Kelajak haqida gapirish B1 da yana kengayadi (Present Continuous, Present Simple jadval uchun). be going to — niyat/reja ifodalashning asosiy vositasi bo'lib qoladi.

Keyingi dars — A2 — 8-dars: Kelajak — "will" va "going to vs will". Endi kelajakning ikkinchi katta usuli — willni o'rganamiz: shu zahoti qabul qilingan qaror (I'll help you!), va'da, taklif, dalilsiz bashorat — va eng muhimi, will bilan going to ni qachon ishlashni to'liq ajratamiz.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (be going to, Units 20, 23); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (going to, future); Cambridge Dictionary (be going to; future); British Council LearnEnglish — "'going to'".