A2 — 1-dars: Present Continuous (hozirgi davom zamoni)

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 1-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Tabriklaymiz — siz A2 darajasiga o'tdingiz! A1 da til poydevorini qo'ydingiz; endi A2 sizni mustaqil, jonli muloqotga olib chiqadi. Va A2 ning birinchi qadami — ingliz tilidagi ikkinchi katta zamon: Present Continuous (boshqacha nomi — Present Progressive, "hozirgi davom zamoni").

Bu zamon aynan hozir, shu daqiqada sodir bo'layotgan ishni bildiradi: I am reading this lesson (Men shu darsni o'qiyapman), It is raining (Yomg'ir yog'yapti). O'zbekchada bu — "-yapti / -moqda" qo'shimchasi: o'qi*yapman, yog'yapti, kutmoqda.

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Hozirgi holatni tasvirlash: "What are you doing?" — "I'm working." (Nima qilyapsiz? — Ishlayapman.)
• Vaqtinchalik holatlar: "I'm staying at a hotel this week." (Bu hafta mehmonxonada turibman.)
• Kelajak rejalari (juda muhim!): "I'm meeting the team tomorrow at 10." (Ertaga 10 da jamoa bilan uchrashaman.)
• Dasturchi sifatida: "I'm currently working on the backend." "The build is running." "We're migrating to PostgreSQL." — standup, code review, jamoa muloqotida har kuni kerak.
• Intervyuda: "What are you working on these days?" — eng ko'p beriladigan savollardan.

Asosiy tushuncha — ASPEKT (aspect): ingliz tili harakatga ikki xil "nigoh" bilan qaraydi. Simple (oddiy) zamon harakatni tugal, butun, doimiy deb ko'radi (I work — bu mening ishim, odatim, fakt). Continuous (davomiy) zamon esa harakatni jarayon, tugamagan, vaqtinchalik deb ko'radi (I am working — hozir, shu jarayon ichidaman). Bu farq — "aspekt" deyiladi va u o'zbek tilidagi mantiqdan biroz boshqacha. Bu darsning yuragi — shu ikki nigohni ajratish.

O'xshatish: Present Simple — bu fotosurat (doimiy holat, "u dasturchi"). Present Continuous — bu video (hozir oqayotgan jarayon, "u hozir kod yozyapti"). Bir xil odam, lekin ikki xil nigoh: biri — kim u, ikkinchisi — hozir nima qilyapti.

Fakt: dunyodagi ko'p tillarda (masalan, nemis, rus tilida) "hozir bo'layotgan ish" uchun alohida majburiy zamon yo'q — ular oddiy zamonni ishlatadi. Ingliz tili esa bu farqni grammatik majburiy qiladi: "I read" va "I am reading" — ikkalasi boshqa ma'no. Bu o'zbeklar uchun nisbatan oson, chunki o'zbekchada ham "-yapti" bor. Lekin tuzoqlar boshqa joyda (quyida ko'ramiz).

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror

• 5-dars (to be): I am, you are, he/she/it is, we/they are. Present Continuous aynan shu to be ustiga quriladi — uni mukammal bilish shart.
• 14–15-dars (Present Simple): I work, he works; do/does. Bugun buni Present Continuous bilan solishtiramiz — eng muhim farq.
• 9-dars (ko'plik -s/-es/-ies): bugungi -ing imlo qoidalari shunga o'xshash mantiqqa ega (oxirgi harfga qarab o'zgarish).
• Tez mashq: to be ni to'ldiring: I ___ , she ___ , they ___ , it ___ . (am / is / are / is). Bu — bugungi zamonning "yarmi".

3. Grammatika — chuqur tushuntirish

3.1. Present Continuous nimadan tuziladi (tuzilma)

Formula juda aniq:

EGA + to be (am/is/are) + asosiy fe'l + ING

  I        am      working.
  You/We/They  are   working.
  He/She/It    is    working.

Ya'ni ikki qism: (1) to be ning to'g'ri shakli (ega bilan moslashadi) + (2) asosiy fe'lning -ing shakli (hech qachon o'zgarmaydi, hamma shaxs uchun bir xil).

To'liq jadval:

Oltin qoida: Present Continuous = to be (am/is/are) + V-ing. to be ni tushirib qoldirib bo'lmaydi! I working () — bu eng katta xato (3.10 da batafsil). Doim I am working ().

3.2. -ING qo'shishning to'liq imlo qoidalari (barcha holatlar)

Bu — A2 ning eng ko'p xato qilinadigan imlo qoidasi. Hammasini batafsil ko'ramiz:

(a) Oddiy holat — shunchaki +ing:

work  working    play  playing    read  reading
go  going        eat  eating      do  doing
study  studying  fix  fixing      teach  teaching

(b) Oxiri jim "-e" bo'lsa — "e" tushadi, +ing:

make  making     write  writing   take  taking
come  coming     drive  driving   have  having
use  using       dance  dancing   smile  smiling

Istisnolar (e tushmaydi): be being, see seeing, agree agreeing, free freeing. Bularda oxirgi "ee" yoki alohida "e" saqlanadi.

(c) Bir bo'g'inli, "undosh + unli + undosh" (CVC) bo'lsa — oxirgi undosh IKKILANADI, +ing:

run  running     sit  sitting     swim  swimming
stop  stopping   get  getting     put  putting
plan  planning   begin... (quyida) shop  shopping

Sababi: oxirgi tovush — bitta unli + bitta undosh, undan oldin urg'u. Undoshni ikkilab, qisqa unlini saqlaymiz.

Diqqat — ikkilanmaydi: agar so'z w, x, y bilan tugasa, ikkilanmaydi: fix fixing (x emas), play playing (y), snow snowing (w), show showing.

(d) Ko'p bo'g'inli — faqat urg'u OXIRGI bo'g'inda bo'lsa ikkilanadi:

beGIN  beginning   (urg'u -gin da  n ikkilanadi)
preFER  preferring (urg'u -fer da  r ikkilanadi)
forGET  forgetting
permit  permitting

Lekin urg'u birinchi bo'g'inda bo'lsa — ikkilanMAYDI:

OPen  opening      LISten  listening   HAPpen  happening
VISit  visiting    REMember  remembering

(e) Oxiri "-ie" bo'lsa — "ie" "y", +ing:

die  dying    lie  lying    tie  tying

(f) Oxiri "-c" bo'lsa — "c" "ck", +ing:

panic  panicking   picnic  picnicking   traffic  trafficking

AmE / BrE farqi (-l): so'z "-l" bilan tugasa, Britaniya inglizchasida urg'u joyidan qat'i nazar "l" ikkilanadi, Amerika inglizchasida ikkilanmaydi:

• travel BrE travelling / AmE traveling
• cancel BrE cancelling / AmE canceling
• model BrE modelling / AmE modeling Ikkalasi to'g'ri — bittasini tanlang va izchil bo'ling.

Mini-mashq (-ing imlosi): yozing, keyin tekshiring — sit ___, come ___, study ___, lie ___, travel ___ (AmE), listen ___, swim ___, write ___. Kalit: sitting (t ikkilanadi), coming (e tushadi), studying (y saqlanadi), lying (iey), traveling (AmE — ikkilanmaydi), listening (urg'u boshda — ikkilanmaydi), swimming (m ikkilanadi), writing (e tushadi).

O'zbek so'zlovchiga xos imlo tuzog'i: o'zbekchada fe'lga qo'shimcha qo'shganda o'zak deyarli o'zgarmaydi (o'qi o'qiyapman). Inglizchada esa o'zak o'zgarishi mumkin (harf tushadi yoki ikkilanadi). Shuning uchun o'zbek o'quvchi ko'pincha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri +ing qo'shib yuboradi: makeing (), runing (), geting (). Har fe'lni yozishdan oldin bir savol bering: "oxiri jim -e mi? bir bo'g'inli CVC mi? -ie mi?" — shu uch savol xatolarning 90% ini oldini oladi.

3.3. 1-foydalanish: AYNAN HOZIR sodir bo'layotgan ish

Eng asosiy ma'no — gapirayotgan paytda, shu daqiqada davom etayotgan harakat:

Look! It's raining.              — Qara! Yomg'ir yog'yapti.
Be quiet — the baby is sleeping. — Jim bo'l — chaqaloq uxlayapti.
I'm reading this lesson now.      — Men hozir shu darsni o'qiyapman.
Why are you laughing?            — Nega kulyapsiz?

Ko'pincha now, right now, at the moment, look!, listen! so'zlari bilan keladi.

3.4. 2-foydalanish: SHU KUNLARDA / VAQTINCHALIK (atrofidagi davr)

Harakat aynan shu soniyada bo'lmasligi mumkin, lekin shu davrda (bu hafta, shu kunlar) davom etmoqda:

I'm reading a great book.         — (Shu kunlar) zo'r kitob o'qiyapman. (hozir qo'limda bo'lmasa ham)
She's studying for her exams.     — U imtihonlarga tayyorlanyapti.
We're working on a new project.   — Biz yangi loyiha ustida ishlayapmiz.
He's learning to drive this month. — U bu oy haydashni o'rganyapti.

3.5. 3-foydalanish: VAQTINCHALIK holat (doimiyga qarama-qarshi)

Bu — Present Simple bilan eng nozik farq. Continuous = vaqtinchalik, Simple = doimiy:

I live in Tashkent.            — Toshkentda yashayman. (doimiy — uyim shu)
I'm living with my parents now. — Hozir ota-onam bilan turyapman. (vaqtinchalik)

He works in a bank.            — U bankda ishlaydi. (doimiy kasbi)
He's working from home today.  — U bugun uydan ishlayapti. (vaqtinchalik)

3.6. 4-foydalanish: O'ZGARAYOTGAN / RIVOJLANAYOTGAN holat (tendensiya)

Asta-sekin o'zgarib borayotgan jarayonlar uchun:

The weather is getting colder.    — Ob-havo sovub boryapti.
Prices are rising.                — Narxlar oshyapti.
My English is improving.          — Inglizcham yaxshilanyapti.
The world is changing fast.       — Dunyo tez o'zgaryapti.
More and more people are working remotely. — Tobora ko'proq odam masofadan ishlayapti.

Ko'pincha getting, becoming, rising, falling, increasing, improving, changing fe'llari bilan.

3.7. 5-foydalanish: KELAJAK REJALARI (belgilangan uchrashuvlar) — juda muhim!

Bu — ko'pchilik o'tkazib yuboradigan, lekin native nutqda juda keng ishlatiladigan ma'no. Aniq belgilangan, kelishilgan kelajak rejasi (kun/vaqt/joy ma'lum) uchun Present Continuous ishlatiladi:

I'm meeting Tom tomorrow at 5.      — Ertaga 5 da Tom bilan uchrashaman. (kelishilgan)
We're flying to London on Friday.   — Juma kuni Londonga uchamiz. (chipta bor)
She's having a party next Saturday. — Keyingi shanba bazm qilyapti.
What are you doing this weekend?    — Bu dam olishda nima qilyapsiz? (reja so'rash)

Diqqat: bu kelajak ma'nosi aniq reja uchun. Faqat istak/bashorat bo'lsa, will yoki going to (A2-7, A2-8) ishlatiladi. Farqi: I'm meeting him at 5 (kelishilgan, kalendarda bor) vs I think it will rain (bashorat). Bu — A2-8 darsda chuqur.

Fakt: korpus (katta matn bazasi) tadqiqotlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, kundalik so'zlashuvda kelajak haqida gapirilganda Present Continuous will dan ko'ra ko'proq ishlatiladi — chunki rejalar odatda kelishilgan bo'ladi. Native bo'lish uchun bu ma'noni o'zlashtiring.

3.8. 6-foydalanish: "always + V-ing" — bezovtalik/tanqid (his-tuyg'u)

always, constantly, forever, continually bilan Present Continuous takroriy ishni bildiradi — lekin his-tuyg'u (g'ashlik, tanqid, ba'zan hazil) bilan:

You're always losing your keys!     — Doim kalitlaringizni yo'qotasiz! (g'ashlik)
He's constantly complaining.        — U doim shikoyat qiladi. (tanqid)
My computer is always crashing!     — Kompyuterim doim o'chib qoladi! (jahl)
She's forever asking for money.     — U doim pul so'rayveradi.

Solishtiring: I always drink coffee in the morning (Present Simple — neytral odat) vs You're always interrupting me! (Present Continuous — g'ashlik). Bir xil "always", lekin Continuous hissiyot qo'shadi.

3.9. STATIVE fe'llar — Present Continuous'da ISHLATILMAYDIGAN fe'llar (eng muhim chuqur mavzu)

Bu — A2 ning eng nozik va eng muhim qoidasi. Ba'zi fe'llar harakat (action) emas, holat (state) ni bildiradi — ular odatda Present Continuous'da ishlatilMAYDI, hatto "hozir" bo'lsa ham. Ular stative verbs (holat fe'llari) deyiladi.

Asosiy stative fe'llar (toifalarga bo'lib):

Misollar:

 I want a coffee.         I am wanting a coffee.   (istak — holat)
 I know the answer.       I am knowing the answer. (bilim — holat)
 She loves you.           She is loving you.       (his — holat)
 This bag costs $50.      This bag is costing $50. (narx — holat)
 I understand now.        I am understanding now.  (tushunish — holat)

Sababi: bu fe'llar tugamaydigan, "jarayon" bo'lmagan holatlarni bildiradi. Holatni "video" qilib bo'lmaydi — u shunchaki bor. Shuning uchun ular oddiy Present Simple da turadi: I want, I know, I love.

"Hozir" tuzog'i (eng muhim): stative fe'lni "hozir" so'zi ham continuous'ga aylantirmaydi. Right now I want water () — "hozir" bor, lekin want baribir Simple, chunki xohlash — holat. Ya'ni qoida vaqt so'ziga emas, fe'lning ma'nosiga bog'liq: harakat (yozish, yugurish) continuous mumkin; holat (bilish, xohlash) doim Simple.

Mini-mashq (stative): to'g'ri shaklni tanlang, keyin tekshiring.

text

1. I (want / am wanting) some tea right now.
2. She (writes / is writing) an email at the moment.
3. Do you (know / are knowing) the answer?
4. This phone (costs / is costing) $200.
5. We (have / are having) dinner now.  (diqqat: qaysi ma'no?)

Kalit: 1. want (holat) · 2. is writing (harakat, hozir) · 3. know (holat) · 4. costs (holat — narx) · 5. are having (have dinner = "ovqatlanmoq" — dynamic, harakat; "ega bo'lmoq" emas).

3.10. Ikki tomonlama fe'llar — stative VA dynamic ma'no (native nozikligi)

Eng qiziq qismi: ba'zi fe'llar ikki xil ma'noda — biri holat (stative simple), ikkinchisi harakat (dynamic continuous). Ma'no o'zgaradi:

Native siri: "I'm lovin' it" (McDonald's shiori) — grammatik jihatdan "noto'g'ri" (love — stative), lekin ataylab continuous'da ishlatilgan: bu "aynan hozir, shu daqiqada zavqlanyapman" degan jonli, og'zaki effekt beradi. Native'lar ba'zan stative fe'lni ataylab continuous qiladi — ta'sir kuchaytirish uchun. Bu A2'da qoidaga amal qiling, lekin bu noziklikni tanib oling.

3.11. Inkor (negative) va savol (question)

Bularda yangi qoida YO'Q — to be (5-dars) qanday inkor/savol qilingan bo'lsa, shunday:

Inkor — to be + not + V-ing:

I am not (I'm not) working.
He is not (isn't / he's not) sleeping.
They are not (aren't / they're not) listening.

Savol — to be ni oldinga:

Am I working?
Is he sleeping?        Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
Are they listening?    Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Wh- savol — so'roq so'z + to be + ega + V-ing:

What are you doing?       — Nima qilyapsiz?
Where is she going?       — U qayoqqa ketyapti?
Why are they shouting?    — Nega baqiryapti?
What am I doing wrong?    — Nimani noto'g'ri qilyapman?

3.12. Present Continuous va Present Simple — markaziy farq (jadval)

Bu — butun darsning eng muhim jadvali. Ikkala zamonni yonma-yon qo'yamiz:

Solishtirma misollar:

I read every day.        — Har kuni o'qiyman. (odat)
I'm reading now.         — Hozir o'qiyapman. (ayni damda)

Water boils at 100°.     — Suv 100° da qaynaydi. (fakt)
Look, the water is boiling! — Qara, suv qaynayapti! (hozir)

She speaks three languages. — U uch tilda gapiradi. (qobiliyat/fakt)
She's speaking French now.  — U hozir fransuzcha gapiryapti. (ayni damda)

He always wears a suit.  — U doim kostyum kiyadi. (odat)
He's wearing jeans today. — U bugun jinsi kiygan. (bugun, vaqtinchalik)

Tezkor mini-mashq (Simple yoki Continuous?): har gapga o'zingiz javob bering, keyin pastdagi kalitni oching.

text

1. My sister ___ (work) as a nurse. (kasbi — doimiy)
2. Shh! The baby ___ (sleep). (hozir)
3. I ___ (not / understand) this rule. (holat fe'li!)
4. These days I ___ (learn) to drive. (shu kunlar, vaqtinchalik)
5. The sun ___ (rise) in the east. (doimiy haqiqat)

Kalit: 1. works · 2. is sleeping · 3. don't understand (understand — stative, Simple) · 4. am learning · 5. rises. Sabab-mantiq: doimiy fakt/odat Simple; hozir/vaqtinchalik jarayon Continuous; holat fe'li doim Simple (hatto "hozir" bo'lsa ham).

4. Misollar (shakllar bo'yicha, ko'p)

IJOBIY (hozir):

I'm writing an email.            — Email yozyapman.
The kids are playing outside.    — Bolalar tashqarida o'ynayapti.
My phone is charging.            — Telefonim quvvat olyapti.
We're having dinner.             — Kechki ovqat qilyapmiz.

INKOR:

I'm not joking.                  — Hazillashmayapman.
She isn't listening to me.       — U meni eshitmayapti.
We aren't winning this game.     — Bu o'yinda yutmayapmiz.
It's not working.                — Bu ishlamayapti. (dasturchi!)

SAVOL + qisqa javob:

Are you coming?      — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.   — Kelyapsizmi?
Is it raining?       — Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.  — Yomg'ir yog'yaptimi?
What are you doing?  — I'm cooking.                 — Nima qilyapsiz? — Ovqat qilyapman.
Why is he running?   — Because he's late.           — Nega yugiryapti? — Kechikkani uchun.

Vaqtinchalik / kelajak / tendensiya:

I'm staying with a friend this week.   — Bu hafta do'stimnikida turyapman. (vaqtinchalik)
We're launching the app on Monday.     — Dushanba ilovani chiqaramiz. (reja)
The team is growing quickly.           — Jamoa tez kengayyapti. (tendensiya)
You're always forgetting your password! — Doim parolingizni unutasiz! (g'ashlik)

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

Present Continuous talaffuzda bir necha muhim nuqta bor:

(a) -ing tovushi — /ɪŋ/, "ng" tovushi (2-darsdagi /ŋ/):

• working /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ "wə:kiŋ" — oxirida /ŋ/ (burun tovushi), "g" ALOHIDA eshitilmaydi. workin-g ( qattiq g) emas, workiŋ ().
• reading "ri:diŋ", going "gouiŋ", doing "duiŋ".

(b) Og'zaki "-in'" (g tushishi): norasmiy, tez nutqda native'lar ko'pincha -ing ni /ɪn/ ("-in'") deb aytadi:

What are you doing?  "Whatcha doin'?"   (juda norasmiy)
I'm just chilling.   "I'm just chillin'."

Bu — slang/og'zaki; yozuvda yozmang, lekin tanib oling (qo'shiqlar, filmlarda doim shunday).

(c) Qisqartmalar (doim ishlatiladi):

I am  I'm "aym"        you are  you're "yo:"
he is  he's "hi:z"     they are  they're "ðeə"
is not  isn't "iznt"   are not  aren't "a:nt"

(d) Weak form + linking — "are you" "ə yu":

What are you doing?  tez nutqda: "wɒt-ə-yu-duːɪŋ" ("wodaya doin'")
Are you coming?      "ə-yu-kʌmɪŋ"

are urg'usiz — schwa /ə/ ga aylanadi va yutiladi.

Topshiriq (shadowing): working, reading, doing, having, swimming — har birini /ŋ/ bilan ayting. So'ng "What are you doing? — I'm reading." ni avval sekin, keyin tez (weak form bilan) ayting. Youglish.com da "what are you doing" ni qidirib, native talaffuzni 5 marta takrorlang.

6. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali)

Kollokatsiya/iboralar: work on (loyiha ustida ishlamoq), look for (qidirmoq — look + for, phrasal verb!), get ready (tayyorlanmoq), these days / at the moment / right now (Present Continuous'ning "imzo" vaqt so'zlari). Butun ibora bo'lib yodlang.

7. Dialog va o'qish matni

Dialog — telefonda (jonli nutq):

A: Hi Bek! What are you doing?            — Salom Bek! Nima qilyapsan?
B: Hey! I'm working on the new feature. Why? — Salom! Yangi funksiya ustida ishlayapman. Nima edi?
A: We're having a quick meeting in 10 minutes. Are you joining? — 10 daqiqada tezkor yig'ilish bor. Qo'shilasanmi?
B: Sorry, I can't right now — the build is running and I'm fixing a bug. — Kechir, hozir bo'lmaydi — build ketyapti va men xatoni tuzatyapman.
A: No problem. By the way, how's the project going? — Muammosiz. Aytgancha, loyiha qanday ketyapti?
B: It's going well! The team is growing and we're learning a lot. — Yaxshi ketyapti! Jamoa kengayyapti, ko'p narsa o'rganyapmiz.
A: Great. Oh, are you coming to the standup tomorrow at 10? — Zo'r. Ha, ertaga 10 dagi standupga kelyapsanmi?
B: Yes, I'm meeting the new designer there too.  — Ha, u yerda yangi dizayner bilan ham uchrashaman.

O'qish matni — "A busy week" (band hafta):

This week is really busy for me.            — Bu hafta men uchun juda band.
I'm preparing for an important interview,    — Muhim intervyuga tayyorlanyapman,
so I'm studying English every evening.       — shuning uchun har kechqurun inglizcha o'qiyapman.
My English is slowly improving — I'm understanding more and more. — Inglizcham asta-sekin yaxshilanyapti — tobora ko'proq tushunyapman.
At the moment, I'm also working on a side project. — Ayni damda yon loyiha ustida ham ishlayapman.
It isn't easy, but I'm enjoying it.          — Oson emas, lekin zavqlanyapman.
Next Monday I'm having the interview, and I'm feeling a bit nervous! — Keyingi dushanba intervyum bor, va biroz hayajonlanyapman!

Topshiriq: matndagi har Present Continuous fe'lni toping va uning qaysi ma'noda ekanini ayting (hozir / vaqtinchalik / tendensiya / kelajak reja). So'ng matnni o'z band haftangiz haqida qayta yozing (kamida 6 gap).

Diqqat — matnda "I'm understanding": odatda understand — stative (continuous'da ishlatilmaydi). Lekin "tobora ko'proq tushunyapman" (asta-sekin o'zgarayotgan jarayon — 3.6) ma'nosida ba'zan ishlatiladi. Bu — yana bir native nozikligi.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• to be ni tushirish: I working. She reading. They playing. Sabab: o'zbekchada "-yapti" bitta qo'shimcha (o'qiyapman), inglizchada esa ikki qism (am + reading) — yarmini tushirib qoldirish. I am working. She is reading. They are playing.

• Stative fe'lni continuous qilish: I am wanting tea. I am knowing him. She is liking it. Sabab: o'zbekchada "bilyapman, xohlayapman" deyish mumkin, shuning uchun to'g'ridan ko'chirish. I want tea. I know him. She likes it. (holat fe'llari Present Simple).

• "Hozir" uchun Present Simple ishlatish: Look! It rains. I read now. Sabab: A1 da faqat Present Simple o'rganilgani uchun, "hozir" ga ham shuni qo'llash. Look! It's raining. I'm reading now. (hozirgi harakat Continuous).

• Odat uchun Present Continuous ishlatish: I am going to work every day. He is drinking coffee every morning. Sabab: ikki zamon farqini his qilmaslik. I go to work every day. He drinks coffee every morning. (odat Present Simple).

• -ing imlosi: runing, makeing, geting, studing. running (n ikkilanadi), making (e tushadi), getting (t ikkilanadi), studying (y saqlanadi).

• Inkorda tartib: I doing not. He not is working. I'm not doing. He isn't working. (to be + not + V-ing).

• Kelajak reja uchun faqat will: I will meet him tomorrow at 5 (kelishilgan uchrashuvda). I'm meeting him tomorrow at 5. (aniq, kelishilgan reja Continuous tabiiyroq).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Fe'lni Present Continuous'ga qo'ying (-ing imlosiga e'tibor):

I ___ (write) an email.        She ___ (run) in the park.
They ___ (make) dinner.        He ___ (sit) on the sofa.
We ___ (study) English.        It ___ (begin) to rain.
The kids ___ (lie) on the grass.  I ___ (have) lunch.

Mashq 2. Present Simple yoki Present Continuous? (to'g'ri zamonni tanlang):

1. Look! It ___ (snow).
2. I ___ (go) to the gym every Monday.
3. Be quiet, the baby ___ (sleep).
4. Water ___ (boil) at 100 degrees.
5. She ___ (work) from home this week.
6. He usually ___ (drink) tea, but today he ___ (drink) coffee.

Mashq 3. Stative fe'l — xatoni to'g'rilang (yoki "to'g'ri" deb yozing):

1. I am wanting a new phone.
2. She is reading at the moment.
3. Do you understanding me?
4. I am not believing you.
5. We are having a great time.

Mashq 4. Inkor va savolga aylantiring:

He is working.  inkor: ___ / savol: ___
They are coming.  inkor: ___ / savol: ___

Mashq 5. -ing shaklini yozing: stop ___, make ___, swim ___, study ___, die ___, begin ___, open ___, fix ___

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Men hozir kod yozyapman. = ___
2. Yomg'ir yog'yaptimi? = ___
3. U bu hafta uydan ishlayapti. = ___
4. Inglizcham yaxshilanyapti. = ___
5. Ertaga 10 da jamoa bilan uchrashaman. = ___
6. Doim kalitlaringizni yo'qotasiz! (g'ashlik) = ___

Mashq 7. Matn tuzing: hozir atrofingizda (xona/ko'cha) nimalar bo'layotganini 5 gapda yozing (My brother is..., The TV is..., Outside, people are...).

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: Present Continuous'ni uchala asosiy ma'noda (hozir / vaqtinchalik / kelajak reja) va Present Simple bilan to'g'ri ajratib ishlata olish.

Vazifa:

1. "Hozir nima qilyapman": ayni damdagi vaziyatingizni 6 gapda yozing (o'zingiz, atrofingiz, ob-havo) va "tekshir" deb yuboring.
2. Simple vs Continuous: o'zingiz haqingizda 4 juft gap yozing — har juftda biri Present Simple (odat), biri Present Continuous (hozir): "I usually work in an office, but today I'm working from home."
3. Kelajak rejalari: bu hafta/dam olishdagi 3 ta aniq rejangizni Present Continuous bilan yozing ("I'm meeting... on Saturday").
4. Rol o'yini: "Telefon qilaman" deb yozing — men "What are you doing?" deb so'rayman, suhbatni Present Continuous bilan davom ettiramiz.

"Tayyor" mezonlari:

• Har gapda to be (am/is/are) + V-ing to'liq (yarmi tushmagan).
• -ing imlosi to'g'ri (running, making, studying).
• Stative fe'l continuous'da ishlatilmagan (I want, I am wanting emas).
• Present Simple (odat) va Continuous (hozir) to'g'ri ajratilgan.
• Kamida bitta kelajak reja Continuous bilan.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: am writing / is running / are making / is sitting / are studying / is beginning / are lying / am having. Mashq 2: 1. is snowing · 2. go · 3. is sleeping · 4. boils · 5. is working · 6. drinks / is drinking. Mashq 3: 1. I want a new phone (stative). · 2. to'g'ri. · 3. Do you understand me? (stative). · 4. I don't believe you (stative). · 5. to'g'ri (have a time — dynamic, "qilmoq"). Mashq 4: He isn't working. / Is he working? — They aren't coming. / Are they coming? Mashq 5: stopping, making, swimming, studying, dying, beginning, opening, fixing. Mashq 6: 1. I'm writing code now. · 2. Is it raining? · 3. He's working from home this week. · 4. My English is improving. · 5. I'm meeting the team tomorrow at 10. · 6. You're always losing your keys!

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Present Continuous = to be (am/is/are) + V-ing   ("-yapti")
  IJOBIY:  I'm working | He's working | They're working
  INKOR:   I'm not / isn't / aren't + V-ing
  SAVOL:   Am/Is/Are + ega + V-ing?   (What are you doing?)
  -ing imlo: +ing | -e tushadi (makemaking) | CVC ikkilanadi (runrunning)
            | -ieying (diedying) | urg'u oxirda bo'lsa ikkilanadi (beginbeginning)
  FOYDALANISH: 1) hozir  2) vaqtinchalik/shu kunlar  3) o'zgarish/tendensiya
               4) kelajak reja (I'm meeting him tomorrow)  5) always+ing (g'ashlik)
  STATIVE fe'llar continuous'DA EMAS: want, know, like, love, need, have(ega),
               understand, believe, see, cost, belong  Present Simple
  Simple = odat/fakt (I work) | Continuous = hozir/vaqtinchalik (I'm working)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Present Continuous = to be + V-ing; to be ni hech qachon tushirmang.
2. Beshta ma'no: hozir, vaqtinchalik, o'zgarish, kelajak reja, always+ing (g'ashlik).
3. Stative fe'llar (want, know, like...) continuous'da ishlatilmaydi Simple.
4. Simple (odat/fakt) vs Continuous (hozir/vaqtinchalik) — markaziy farq.
5. -ing imlo qoidalari (e tushadi, CVC ikkilanadi).

Bog'lanish: progressive aspekt (be + V-ing) butun kurs bo'ylab takrorlanadi — Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing, A2-6: I was working), Present Perfect Continuous (have been + V-ing, B1-4), kelajak (will be working, B1). Bugun o'rgangan -ing va aspekt mantig'i hammasining poydevori. Stative fe'llar qoidasi ham doim amal qiladi.

Keyingi dars — A2 — 2-dars: Past Simple — "to be" (was / were). Endi o'tmishga kiramiz! Birinchi qadam — to be ning o'tgan shakli: I was, you were ("edim, eding"). O'tmishda o'zingiz va holatlar haqida gapirishni boshlaysiz.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Present Continuous, Units 1, 3–4, 8, 23–25; stative verbs Unit 4); Cambridge Dictionary (grammar: present continuous, state verbs); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (progressive aspect, non-progressive verbs); British Council LearnEnglish — "Present continuous".