A2 — 8-dars: Kelajak — "will" va "going to vs will"

A2 — ELEMENTAR · 8-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

O'tgan darsda kelajakning bir usuli — be going to (reja/dalil) ni o'rgandingiz. Bugun ikkinchi katta usul — will ni o'rganamiz va eng muhimi: going to bilan will ni qachon ishlashni to'liq ajratamiz. Bu — ingliz tilidagi kelajakning eng nozik va eng ko'p xato qilinadigan farqi.

will — bu modal fe'l (xuddi can kabi — A1-20). U kelajakni bir necha xil niyat bilan ifodalaydi: shu zahoti qabul qilingan qaror (The phone's ringing — I'll get it!), va'da (I'll always help you), taklif (I'll carry that for you), dalilsiz bashorat/fikr (I think it will rain).

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Shu damdagi qaror: "I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed." (do'konda, restoranda: "I'll have the chicken.")
• Va'da/taklif (juda muhim): "I'll call you when I land." "I'll help you with the bug." — ishda har kuni.
• Bashorat/fikr: "AI is going to change everything" yoki "I think AI will change everything."
• Rad etish (won't): "The car won't start." "He won't listen."

Asosiy tushuncha — will = "shu damda tug'ilgan" kelajak: A2-7 da going to = oldindan otilgan o'q (reja allaqachon bor) edi. will esa — mana hozir, gapirayotgan paytda tug'iladigan qaror, va'da yoki fikr. Telefon jiringladi I'll get it! (hozir qaror qildim, oldindan rejam yo'q edi). Mana shu — will va going to ning butun farqi: qaror qachon qilingan — oldinmi (going to) yoki hozirmi (will).

O'xshatish: ikki odam restoranda. Biri menyuni uydan o'qib kelgan: "I'm going to have the steak" (reja bor). Ikkinchisi menyuni endi ochdi va: "Hmm... I'll have the steak too" (shu zahoti qaror). Bir xil ovqat, lekin biri rejali (going to), ikkinchisi shu damdagi (will). Butun farq — shunda.

2. Avvalgi darsdan takror (spiral)

• A1-20 (can — modal): can dan keyin sof fe'l, -s yo'q, do/does kerakmas. will ham aynan shunday modal!
• A2-7 (be going to): reja/dalil. Bugun will bilan to'liq solishtiramiz 3.6-bob.
• A2-7 (gonna): og'zaki qisqartma. will da esa 'll va won't.
• Tez mashq: can bilan: He ___ swim (can — modal, -s yo'q). Bugun will ham xuddi shunday: He ___ help (will).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Tuzilma — will + V1 (modal, barcha shaxsga bir xil)

will — modal fe'l, shuning uchun: undan keyin sof fe'l (V1), -s yo'q, do/does kerakmas, barcha shaxs uchun bir xil:

EGA + will + asosiy fe'l (SOF — V1)
  I / you / he / she / it / we / they  +  will  +  go

Oltin qoida: will hech qachon o'zgarmaydi: he will go (he wills ), will to go (), Do you will? (). Modal — sof fe'l, to'siz, -s'siz, do'siz (xuddi can).

3.2. Qisqartma — 'll (juda muhim, doim ishlatiladi)

Og'zaki va norasmiy yozuvda will deyarli har doim 'll bo'lib qisqaradi:

I will  I'll      you will  you'll     he will  he'll
she will  she'll  it will  it'll       we will  we'll
they will  they'll

I'll call you later.      — Keyinroq qo'ng'iroq qilaman.
It'll be fine.            — Yaxshi bo'ladi.
They'll understand.       — Ular tushunadi.

3.3. Inkor — won't (will not)

will + not  will not  won't  (/wəʊnt/ "wcount")

I won't tell anyone.       — Hech kimga aytmayman. (va'da)
He won't come.             — U kelmaydi.
It won't work.             — Bu ishlamaydi.
Don't worry, it won't happen again. — Xavotir olma, bu boshqa takrorlanmaydi.

3.4. Savol — Will + ega + V1

Will you help me?         Yes, I will. / No, I won't.   — Yordam berasanmi?
Will it rain tomorrow?     Probably.                     — Ertaga yomg'ir yog'adimi?
What will you do?         — Nima qilasan?
When will they arrive?    — Qachon kelishadi?

3.5. will ning FOYDALANISHLARI (har biri alohida holat)

1-HOLAT: shu damda qabul qilingan qaror (spontaneous decision) — gapirayotgan paytda, oldindan rejasiz:

(Telefon jiringlaydi) — I'll get it!         — Men olaman!
"It's cold in here." — "OK, I'll close the window." — Sovuq ekan. — Mayli, derazani yopaman.
I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed.            — Charchadim. Yotsam kerak.
(Menyuni ko'rib) — I'll have the soup, please. — Sho'rva olaman.

Bu — going to dan eng katta farqi: bu qaror hozir tug'ildi (oldindan reja yo'q edi). going to bu yerda g'alati bo'lardi.

2-HOLAT: bashorat / fikr (dalilsiz — opinion) — kelajak haqida o'ylaganda, ishonganda (ko'rinib turgan dalil emas, balki fikr):

I think it'll rain tomorrow.       — O'ylaymanki, ertaga yomg'ir yog'adi.
You'll love this film.             — Bu film sizga yoqadi.
AI will change the world.          — Sun'iy intellekt dunyoni o'zgartiradi.
She'll be a great doctor.          — U zo'r shifokor bo'ladi.
Don't worry — you'll be fine.       — Xavotir olmang — hammasi yaxshi bo'ladi.

Ko'pincha: I think, I believe, I expect, I'm sure, I bet, probably, definitely, maybe, perhaps bilan.

3-HOLAT: va'da (promise) — will / won't:

I'll always be there for you.      — Doim yoningda bo'laman.
I promise I won't be late.          — Va'da beraman, kechikmayman.
I'll pay you back next week.         — Keyingi hafta qaytaraman.

4-HOLAT: taklif (offer) — yordam taklifi:

I'll carry that for you.            — Buni siz uchun ko'taraman.
I'll give you a hand.               — Yordam beraman.
That bag looks heavy — I'll take it. — Sumka og'irga o'xshaydi — men olaman.

5-HOLAT: iltimos (request) — Will you...?:

Will you open the door, please?     — Iltimos, eshikni ochasizmi?
Will you marry me?                   — Menga turmushga chiqasanmi?

6-HOLAT: rad etish / qaysarlik (refusal — won't) — odam yoki narsa "rad etadi", "ko'nmaydi":

He won't listen to me.              — U meni eshitmaydi (eshitishni xohlamaydi).
The car won't start.                — Mashina yurmayapti (o't olmayapti).
My laptop won't turn on.            — Noutbukim yoqilmayapti.

Bu — narsa/odam "rozi bo'lmasligini" bildiradi (shunchaki kelajak emas, "ko'nmaydi").

3.6. GOING TO vs WILL — to'liq farq (bu darsning yuragi!)

Ikkalasi ham kelajak, lekin niyat boshqa. Ikki asosiy holatda farqlanadi:

(A) QAROR — qachon qilingan?

(B) BASHORAT — nimaga asoslangan?

Solishtiring (qaror):
  A: I'm thirsty.
  B: I'll get you some water.   (B shu damda qaror qildi  will)

  A: Why are you wearing an apron?
  B: I'm going to cook dinner.  (B oldindan rejalashtirgan  going to)

Solishtiring (bashorat):
  I think our team will win.            (fikr  will)
  Our team is playing brilliantly — they're going to win. (dalil  going to)

KATTA HOLAT — qoidasiz vaziyatlar (ikkalasi ham bo'ladigan joylar): ko'p kundalik gapda ikkalasi ham qabul qilinadi va farq juda kichik — "It will be a great year / It's going to be a great year." Boshlovchi uchun sodda qoida:

• Reja bormi (oldindan)? going to.
• Hozir qaror qildimmi? will.
• Dalil ko'rinibmi? going to. Faqat fikrmi? will.
• Va'da/taklif/iltimosmi? doim will (going to EMAS): "I'll help you" (), "I'm going to help you" — bu reja, taklif emas.

3.7. HOLAT: First Conditional kirish (will + if) — oldindan ko'rsatma

will ko'pincha if (agar) bilan keladi — bu 1-shart gap (B1-7 da chuqur, hozir tanishing):

If it rains, I'll stay home.        — Agar yomg'ir yog'sa, uyda qolaman.
I'll call you if I need help.        — Yordam kerak bo'lsa, qo'ng'iroq qilaman.

Diqqat: if dan keyin Present (rains), asosiy gapda will (I'll stay). If it will rain ().

3.8. shall — I va we bilan taklif/maslahat (Shall I…? / Shall we…?)

will ning yaqin qarindoshi — shall. U bugungi inglizchada asosan I va we bilan, savol shaklida ishlatiladi va ikki foydali vazifasi bor:

(1) Taklif qilish / yordam so'rash — Shall I…? (ma'nosi: "…qilaymi?", "…qilay-a?"):

Shall I open the window?        — Derazani ochaymi?
Shall I carry your bag?         — Sumkangizni ko'taraymi?
It's dark. Shall I turn on the light? — Qorong'i ekan. Chiroqni yoqaymi?

(2) Birgalikda taklif / maslahat so'rash — Shall we…? (ma'nosi: "…qilaylikmi?"):

Shall we go?                    — Ketaylikmi?
Shall we have lunch now?        — Endi tushlik qilaylikmi?
Where shall we meet?            — Qayerda uchrashamiz?

*Farq — Shall I…? va Will you…?:* Shall I help you? — men yordam taklif qilaman ("yordam beraymi?"); Will you help me? — sizdan yordam so'rayman ("yordam berasizmi?"). Kim ish qilishiga qarab tanlang.

Diqqat: kundalik gapda shall kelajak fe'li sifatida deyarli ishlatilmaydi (I shall go eskirgan/rasmiy — o'rniga I'll go). Boshlovchi uchun eslab qolish kifoya: shall faqat Shall I…? / Shall we…? savollarida. Amerika inglizchasida uning o'rniga ko'pincha Should I…? / Should we…? ishlatiladi.

3.9. HOLAT: Present Simple — jadval kelajagi (The train leaves at 6) — kirish

Ba'zan kelajakni Present Simple (oddiy hozirgi zamon) bilan ham aytamiz — lekin faqat rasmiy jadval, dastur yoki jadvalga bog'liq voqea haqida gapirganda (poyezd, samolyot, kino, dars, ish vaqti):

The train leaves at 6 o'clock.     — Poyezd soat 6 da jo'naydi. (jadval)
The film starts at 8.              — Kino soat 8 da boshlanadi.
Our English class begins on Monday. — Ingliz dars dushanba kuni boshlanadi.
The shop opens at 9 tomorrow.       — Do'kon ertaga soat 9 da ochiladi.

Nega will emas? Chunki bu — shaxsiy qaror emas, balki belgilangan, o'zgarmas jadval (poyezd jadvalini men o'zgartira olmayman). Shuning uchun going to yoki will emas, oddiy Present Simple ishlatiladi.

Solishtiring: The train leaves at 6 (jadval — Present Simple) ≠ I think the train will be late (mening fikrim/bashoratim — will). Bu — kirish; B1 da kengroq ko'riladi.

4. Misollar (holatlar bo'yicha)

SHU DAMDAGI QAROR:

"We're out of milk." — "OK, I'll buy some."   — Sut tugabdi. — Mayli, olaman.
This is hard. I'll ask for help.               — Bu qiyin. Yordam so'rayman.
"The doorbell's ringing." — "I'll go."         — Eshik qo'ng'irog'i chalinyapti. — Men boraman.

BASHORAT/FIKR:

I'm sure you'll pass the exam.                 — Imtihondan o'tasiz, ishonchim komil.
In ten years, everyone will speak some English. — O'n yilda hamma ozgina inglizcha gapiradi.
Don't call him now — he'll be asleep.          — Hozir qo'ng'iroq qilmang — u uxlab yotgan bo'ladi.

TAKLIF (Shall I…?):

Shall I get you a coffee?                      — Sizga qahva olib kelaymi?
Shall we start now?                            — Endi boshlaylikmi?

VA'DA / TAKLIF:

I won't let you down.                          — Sizni umidsizlantirmayman.
You look tired — I'll drive.                    — Charchaganga o'xshaysan — men haydayman.

RAD ETISH (won't):

The door won't open.                           — Eshik ochilmayapti.
She won't change her mind.                      — U fikrini o'zgartirmaydi.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

(a) 'll qisqartma — juda yengil:

I'll /aɪl/ "ayl"   he'll /hiːl/ "hi:l"   it'll /ˈɪtl/ "itl"
we'll /wiːl/ "wi:l"   they'll /ðeɪl/ "ðeyl"

Tez nutqda 'll deyarli yutiladi: "I'll see you" "ayl-si-yu".

(b) won't vs want — MINIMAL PAIR (juda muhim!):

won't /wəʊnt/ "wcount" (will not)   vs   want /wɒnt/ "wont" (xohlamoq)

Bu ikkisini chalkashtirmang! "I won't go" (bormayman) ≠ "I want to go" (borgim keladi). Talaffuzda farq: won't — "ou" diftong (wəʊ); want — qisqa "o" (wɒ).

(c) will weak form: urg'usiz will /əl/, /l/: "What will you do?" "wɒt-əl-yu-du:".

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I'll", "he'll", "it'll", "won't" ni ayting; won't /wəʊnt/ va want /wɒnt/ ni ketma-ket ayting (farqni his qiling). "Don't worry, it'll be fine." ni mashq qiling. Youglish: "won't", "I'll be".

6. Yangi so'zlar (kengaytirilgan Anki jadvali) — bashorat, va'da, fikr

Tayyor iboralar (chunks — native doim ishlatadi):

• I'll be right back. — "Hozir qaytaman."
• I'll see what I can do. — "Imkonimni ko'raman."
• I'll let you know. — "Xabar beraman."
• We'll see. — "Ko'ramiz." (qaror kechiktirilganda)
• It won't happen again. — "Bu boshqa takrorlanmaydi." (uzr)
• You'll be fine. / It'll be OK. — "Hammasi yaxshi bo'ladi."
• Time will tell. — "Vaqt ko'rsatadi."
• I bet you (that)… — "Aniq aytaman..."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (ko'proq input)

Dialog — shu damdagi qaror, taklif, va'da:

A: Ugh, this bag is so heavy.                 — Uh, bu sumka juda og'ir.
B: Here, I'll carry it for you.               — Mana, men ko'taraman.
A: Thanks! By the way, are you coming to the party tonight? — Rahmat! Aytgancha, bugun bazmga kelasanmi?
B: Hmm, I'm not sure... OK, you know what — I'll come! — Hmm, bilmadim... Mayli, bilasanmi — kelaman!
A: Great! It'll be fun, I promise.            — Zo'r! Qiziq bo'ladi, va'da beraman.
B: Will there be many people?                 — Ko'p odam bo'ladimi?
A: Probably. But don't worry, you'll know some of them. — Ehtimol. Lekin xavotir olma, ba'zilarini tanaysan.
B: OK. I'll be there around eight.            — Mayli. Sakkizlarda boraman.

O'qish matni — "What will the future be like?" (bashorat — texnologiya):

Nobody knows exactly what the future will bring, but we can make some predictions. — Kelajak nima keltirishini hech kim aniq bilmaydi, lekin ba'zi bashoratlar qilsa bo'ladi.
I think technology will change our lives even more.    — Menimcha, texnologiya hayotimizni yanada o'zgartiradi.
Many jobs will disappear, but new ones will appear.    — Ko'p kasblar yo'qoladi, lekin yangilari paydo bo'ladi.
People will probably work from anywhere in the world.  — Odamlar, ehtimol, dunyoning istalgan joyidan ishlaydi.
Learning languages will still be important — maybe even more. — Til o'rganish baribir muhim bo'ladi — balki yanada ko'proq.
I'm sure that people who keep learning will always find opportunities. — Ishonchim komilki, o'rganishda davom etganlar doim imkoniyat topadi.
The future won't be easy, but it will be exciting.     — Kelajak oson bo'lmaydi, lekin qiziqarli bo'ladi.

Topshiriq: matnda will/won't ni belgilang. So'ng "10 yildan keyin dunyo/hayotim qanday bo'ladi?" mavzusida 6 ta bashorat yozing (I think... will...).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Shu damdagi qaror uchun going to: (telefon jiringladi) "I'm going to answer it." Sabab: going to va will farqini sezmaslik. I'll answer it. (hozir qaror will). Eng muhim farq!

• Reja uchun will (going to tabiiyroq): (apron kiygan) "I will cook dinner." I'm going to cook dinner. (oldindan reja going to).

• Va'da/taklif uchun going to: "I'm going to help you" (taklif ma'nosida). I'll help you. (taklif/va'da doim will).

• will dan keyin -s / to: He will comes. / I will to go. He will come. / I will go. (modal — sof fe'l, to'siz).

• do/does bilan: Do you will help? / He doesn't will come. Will you help? / He won't come. (modal — do/does kerakmas).

• won't va want talaffuzini aralashtirish. won't /wəʊnt/ (kelajak inkor), want /wɒnt/ (xohlamoq).

• if dan keyin will: If it will rain, I'll stay home. If it rains, I'll stay home. (if Present, asosiy gap will).

• Jadval uchun will: The train will leave at 6 (o'zgarmas jadval haqida). The train leaves at 6. (rasmiy jadval Present Simple). will — bashorat/qaror uchun.

• *Taklif uchun will I…?:* "Will I open the window?" (yordam taklif qilmoqchi bo'lganda). Shall I open the window? (o'z yordamimni taklif Shall I…?).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. will ('ll) yoki won't bilan to'ldiring:

Don't worry, I ___ help you.        The car is old — it ___ start.
I promise I ___ tell anyone.        I think it ___ be a great day.
He ___ listen — he's too stubborn.  I'm sure you ___ pass.

Mashq 2. will yoki going to? (vaziyatga qarab):

1. A: I'm cold. B: I ___ (close) the window. (shu damda qaror)
2. Look at those clouds! It ___ (rain). (dalil)
3. I've decided — I ___ (study) medicine. (oldindan reja)
4. A: This is heavy. B: I ___ (carry) it for you. (taklif)
5. I think our team ___ (win) the match. (fikr)

Mashq 3. Savol tuzing + qisqa javob:

(you / help / me)  ___ ? — Yes, ___.
(it / rain / tomorrow)  ___ ?
(what / you / do / after the course)  ___ ?

Mashq 4. Reaksiya yozing (I'll... bilan, shu damdagi qaror/taklif):

"The phone is ringing."  ___
"I'm thirsty."  ___
"This bag is heavy."  ___
"It's dark in here."  ___

Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang: He will comes tomorrow., Do you will help me?, (telefon) I'm going to get it!, If it will rain, I'll stay., I want go home. (kelajak inkor: bormayman)

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Yordam beraman. = ___
2. Hech kimga aytmayman. (va'da) = ___
3. Menimcha, ertaga yomg'ir yog'adi. = ___
4. Mashina yurmayapti. = ___
5. Agar vaqtim bo'lsa, qo'ng'iroq qilaman. = ___

Mashq 7. Shall I…? / Shall we…? bilan taklif tuzing:

1. (deraza ochish — taklif) ___ ?
2. (birgalikda ketish) ___ ?
3. (sumkangizni ko'tarish — taklif) ___ ?

Mashq 8. will yoki Present Simple (jadval)? To'g'ri shaklni tanlang:

1. The train ___ (leave) at 7 tomorrow. (rasmiy jadval)
2. I think it ___ (be) a nice day. (fikr/bashorat)
3. The film ___ (start) at 9. (kino jadvali)

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — shu damdagi qaror/taklif (will): vaziyatga darrov reaksiya:

"It's hot in here."        I'll open the window.
"There's no bread."         I'll ___ .       (buy / get some)
"I don't understand this."  I'll ___ .       (help / explain)
"Someone's at the door."    I'll ___ .       (get it / answer it)

Drill B — bashorat (will + I think): mavzu beriladi, fikr-bashorat ayting:

(English in 5 years)   I think I'll be fluent in English in five years.
(technology)           I think ___ .
(your career)          I think ___ .

Drill C — will yoki going to (tanlash): to'g'risini ayting + nega:

A: Why have you got your running shoes on?
B: I ___ (go) for a run.         "I'm going to go" (reja — kiyingan)

A: We need more chairs.
B: OK, I ___ (bring) some.       "I'll bring some" (shu damda qaror)

Model javoblar (Drill A): I'll get some. / I'll help you (with it). / I'll get it. So'ng o'zingizning reaksiyalaringiz bilan ayting va "tekshir" deb yuboring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: I'll / won't / won't / will ('ll) / won't / will ('ll). Mashq 2: 1. I'll close (will) · 2. is going to rain · 3. I'm going to study · 4. I'll carry (will) · 5. will win. Mashq 3: Will you help me? — Yes, I will. / Will it rain tomorrow? / What will you do after the course? Mashq 4: (namuna) I'll get it. / I'll get you some water. / I'll carry it (for you). / I'll turn on the light. Mashq 5: He will come tomorrow. / Will you help me? / (telefon) I'll get it! / If it rains, I'll stay. / I won't go home. Mashq 6: 1. I'll help you. · 2. I won't tell anyone. · 3. I think it'll rain tomorrow. · 4. The car won't start. · 5. I'll call you if I have time. (If I have time, I'll call you.) Mashq 7: 1. Shall I open the window? · 2. Shall we go? · 3. Shall I carry your bag? Mashq 8: 1. leaves (jadval Present Simple) · 2. will be ('ll be — fikr/bashorat) · 3. starts (jadval Present Simple).

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

will = modal kelajak fe'li (will + V1 sof; barcha shaxsga bir xil)
  IJOBIY:  I'll go | she'll go     (qisqartma 'll)
  INKOR:   won't (will not) + V1   (won't /wəʊnt/ ≠ want /wɒnt/)
  SAVOL:   Will + ega + V1?        (Will you help? — Yes, I will)
  FOYDALANISH: 1) shu damdagi qaror  2) bashorat/fikr (dalilsiz)
               3) va'da  4) taklif  5) iltimos  6) rad etish (won't)
  GOING TO vs WILL:
    qaror oldin  going to | qaror hozir  will
    bashorat dalildan  going to | bashorat fikrdan  will
    va'da/taklif/iltimos  DOIM will
  shall: Shall I…? (taklif/yordam) · Shall we…? (birgalikda) — faqat I/we savol
  jadval kelajagi: Present Simple (The train leaves at 6)
  if + Present, ... will... (If it rains, I'll stay) — 1-shart (B1)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. will + V1 — modal (sof fe'l, -s yo'q, do'siz); qisqartma 'll, inkor won't.
2. will foydalanishlari: shu damdagi qaror, bashorat/fikr, va'da, taklif, iltimos, rad etish.
3. going to vs will: qaror oldinmi (going to) yoki hozirmi (will); dalildanmi (going to) yoki fikrdanmi (will).
4. Va'da/taklif/iltimos — doim will.
5. won't /wəʊnt/ ≠ want /wɒnt/.

Bog'lanish: will — kelajakning ikkinchi ustuni va birinchi modallardan (can dan keyin). U B1 da 1-shart gap (If…will), modallar (might, may), va Future Continuous/Perfect uchun asos bo'ladi. Kelajak tizimi endi to'liq: going to (reja/dalil), will (qaror/fikr/va'da), Present Continuous (uchrashuv).

Keyingi dars — A2 — 9-dars: MAXSUS DARS — "Making plans" (kelajak shakllarini birlashtiruvchi funksional til). Grammatikadan qisqa tanaffus: barcha kelajak shakllarini (going to / will / Present Continuous) real suhbatda birlashtiramiz — taklif qilish, rozi bo'lish, uchrashuv belgilash, rad etish — tayyor iboralar bilan.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (will, Units 21–22; will vs going to Unit 23); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (will, shall; future); Cambridge Dictionary (will; future: will and going to); British Council LearnEnglish — "'will' and 'be going to'".