B2 — 14-dars: Causative (have/get something done)

B2 — YUQORI O'RTA · 14-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Hayotda biz ko'p ishni o'zimiz qilmaymiz — boshqaga qildiramiz: sochimizni sartarosh oladi, mashinani usta ta'mirlaydi, uyni quruvchilar quradi. O'zbekchada "sochimni oldirdim", "mashinani tuzattirdim" deymiz. Ingliz tilida bu — causative (have/get something done).

Bu o'zbeklar uchun chinakam tuzoq: "I cut my hair" deyish = "men o'zim sochimni oldim" (qaychi bilan!). To'g'risi: "I had my hair cut" = "sartaroshga oldirdim". Bu farq juda muhim — noto'g'ri ishlatsangiz, kulgili ma'no chiqadi.

B2 darajada causative — kundalik nutqda zarur va sizning ingliz tilingiz "pishgan"ligini ko'rsatadi.

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Xizmat: "I had my car serviced yesterday."
• Norasmiy: "I need to get my phone fixed."
• Ko'rgazma: "We're having the kitchen redone."
• Yoqimsiz hodisa: "She had her bag stolen."

ASOSIY tushuncha — "boshqa qiladi, men tashkil qilaman". Causative ikkita narsani aytadi: (1) ish bajariladi; (2) lekin men emas, boshqa odam (usta, xizmatchi) qiladi. Men shunchaki tashkil qilaman/to'layman.

Oddiy (o'zim qilaman)	Causative (boshqa qiladi)
I cut my hair. (o'zim oldim)	I had my hair cut. (oldirdim)
I repaired the car. (o'zim)	I got the car repaired. (tuzattirdim)

O'xshatish — "rejissyor": causative'da siz — rejissyor, aktyor emas. Aktyor (usta/sartarosh) harakatni bajaradi, lekin siz tashkil qilasiz. "I had the room painted" — bo'yoqchini siz yolladingiz, lekin bo'yoqni u surdi.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B2-12/13 (passive): have sth done = passiv tuzilmaga yaqin (the car was repaired + "men tashkil qildim").
• B1-27 (make/let/be allowed to): causative fe'llar — bugun have/get sb to do qo'shamiz.
• A2-4 (V3): cut, done, repaired — V3 causative'ning yuragi.
• Tez mashq: "Sartarosh sochimni oldi" I had my hair ___ (cut).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Tuzilma — have/get + OBYEKT + V3

have / get  +  NARSA (obyekt)  +  V3
                                  
 tashkil      nima qilingani     bajarilgan harakat

So'z tartibi MUHIM: have/get + NARSA + V3 (NOT have + V3 + narsa). I had cut my hair (= o'zim oldim / Past Perfect) ≠ I had my hair cut (oldirdim).

3.2. have vs get — nozik farq

Ma'no deyarli bir xil; get og'zaki nutqda ko'proq va biroz "harakat/uddalash" tuyg'usi beradi. get buyruqda ham: Get it done by Friday!

3.3. Causative — barcha zamonlarda

Present Simple:     I have my car serviced every year.
Present Continuous: I'm having my house painted right now.
Present Perfect:    I've just had my hair cut.
Past Simple:        I had my photo taken yesterday.
Future:             I'll have the documents printed.
Modal:              You should have your eyes tested.

have zamonni oladi; obyekt + V3 o'zgarmaydi.

3.4. Yoqimsiz/kutilmagan hodisa — have something done

Causative shakli boshingizga tushgan yoqimsiz voqea uchun ham (bu yerda siz tashkil qilmaysiz — sizga qilinadi):

He had his wallet stolen. (hamyoni o'g'irlandi)
She had her car broken into. (mashinasi buzib ochildi)
I had my flight cancelled. (reysim bekor qilindi)

Ikki ma'no — kontekst ajratadi:

• I had my hair cut = men xohladim (xizmat).
• I had my bag stolen = menga qilindi (yoqimsiz hodisa).

3.5. Causative + ODAM (have/get + person)

Boshqa odamga ish qildirish (narsa emas, odam):

Farq: have sb do (to siz — rasmiy/avtomatik) vs get sb to do (to bilan — ko'ndirish/harakat).

• I had the plumber fix the pipe. (yolladim, u tuzatdi)
• I got the plumber to fix the pipe. (ko'ndirdim/iltimos qildim)

4. Native nozikliklari va qo'shimcha qoidalar

• get + V3 (refleksiv) ≠ causative: get dressed/washed/lost = o'zingiz (B2-13). get sth done = boshqa qiladi. Kontekst farqlaydi.
• "have got" bilan adashtirmang: I've got a car (egalik) ≠ I had the car repaired (causative). Birinchi — have got (bor); ikkinchi — causative.
• need + V-ing / need + V3: My car needs servicing (B2-13) — causative ma'noga yaqin ("xizmat qildirilishi kerak").
• Rasmiy biznes: have sb do — I'll have my assistant send it. (avtomatik, vazifa sifatida).
• want/would like sth done: I want this done by 5. (causative-ga yaqin: bajarilishini xohlayman).
• Savol va inkor — do/did yordamchisi: have bu yerda oddiy fe'l, shu sabab savol/inkorda do/does/did kerak: Did you have your hair cut? / I didn't have the car serviced. Had you your hair cut? (bu eski/noto'g'ri). get bilan ham xuddi shunday: Where did you get it fixed?
• have + sb + V-ing (davomiy natija): have someone doing — kimnidir uzoq/takroriy holatga keltirmoq: The comedian had us laughing all night (bizni kuldirib turdi). I'll have you speaking English fluently in no time. Bu — natija davom etishini ta'kidlaydigan nozik shakl (V3 emas, V-ing).

5. Ko'p misollar

XIZMAT (xohlab):
- I had my teeth checked. / I'm getting my nails done.
- We had the carpet cleaned. / She got her dress altered.

YOQIMSIZ HODISA:
- He had his phone stolen on the bus.
- They had their flight delayed by six hours.

ODAMGA QILDIRISH:
- I'll have the team review the report. (have sb do)
- I got my friend to lend me money. (get sb to do)
- The teacher made us rewrite the essay. (make sb do)

6. Holat/case yechimlari

1. "Sochimni oldirdim." (sartaroshga)

• I had my hair cut. / I got my hair cut.
• I cut my hair. (= o'zim qaychi bilan oldim!).

2. "Mashinamni tuzattiryapman." (ustaga, hozir)

• I'm having my car repaired. (Present Continuous causative).

3. "Hamyonim o'g'irlandi." (yoqimsiz hodisa)

• I had my wallet stolen. / My wallet was stolen.

4. "Akamni menga yordam berishga ko'ndirdim."

• I got my brother to help me. (get + person + to + V1).

5. "Yordamchimga xatni yuborishni topshiraman." (rasmiy)

• I'll have my assistant send the letter. (have + person + V1, to siz).

6. So'z tartibini ko'ring:

• I had cut my hair (= Past Perfect / o'zim) ≠ I had my hair cut (causative). Tartib hal qiladi!

7. Kengaytirilgan lug'at + kollokatsiya (xizmatlar)

Tayyor iboralar:

• Where can I get this fixed? — Buni qayerda tuzattirsam bo'ladi?
• I need to have it checked. — Buni tekshirtirishim kerak.
• Can I have this gift-wrapped? — Buni sovg'a qilib o'rattirsam bo'ladimi?

8. Dialog

A: You look different! Did you do something? B: Yeah, I had my hair cut and got it coloured too. A: It looks great! Where did you go? B: That new salon. I also had my nails done while I was there. A: Treating yourself! By the way, did you sort out your car? B: Finally. I had it serviced last week, and I'm getting the windscreen replaced tomorrow — I had it cracked by a stone on the motorway. A: Oh no, that's annoying. B: Tell me about it. Anyway, I got my mechanic to give me a discount, so it wasn't too bad. And I'm having the whole thing valeted before I sell it.

Tahlil: had my hair cut, got it coloured, had my nails done, had it serviced, getting the windscreen replaced (xizmat — xohlab), had it cracked (yoqimsiz hodisa), got my mechanic to give (odamni ko'ndirish), having the whole thing valeted (xizmat). To'liq causative palitra.

9. O'qish — graded matn

The renovation

When Lena bought the old house, it was a wreck. The first thing she did was have the roof repaired — it had been leaking for years. Then she got the walls replastered and had new windows fitted.

She couldn't do it all herself, of course. She had a designer draw up plans and got a team of builders to handle the heavy work. Within months, she had transformed — sorry, she had the house transformed — into something beautiful.

Not everything went smoothly. Halfway through, she had her tools stolen from the site, and she had to have the locks changed. But in the end, it was worth it. Now she's getting the garden landscaped, and once that's done, she'll have the whole property valued.

Savollar: (1) "she had transformed" va "she had the house transformed" — farqi nima? (2) "she had her tools stolen" — bu xohlangan-mi yoki yoqimsiz hodisami? (3) Matndan 1 ta "get + person + to + V1" toping.

10. Keng tarqalgan xatolar (L1 ta'siri)

Asosiy tuzoqlar: (1) have/get + NARSA + V3 (tartib!); (2) get sb to do vs have sb do (to bor/yo'q); (3) o'zim qildim (I cut) ≠ qildirtirdim (I had it cut).

11. Mashqlar (drills) + production

A. Causative bilan qayta yozing:

1. A mechanic services my car. I ___
2. A hairdresser is cutting her hair. She ___
3. Someone stole his bike. He ___
4. A dentist checked my teeth. I ___
5. A designer will create our logo. We'll ___

B. have/get + person — to'g'ri shaklni tanlang:

1. I ___ my brother ___ (help) me move. (get + to)
2. The boss ___ his secretary ___ (book) the flights. (have)
3. They ___ him ___ (apologise). (make)

C. Xatoni tuzating:

1. I cut my hair at the salon yesterday.
2. I had repaired my phone last week (usta tuzatdi).
3. I got my friend help me.

D. Production: Yaqinda qildirtirgan 4 ta xizmatingiz haqida yozing (I had/got... done).

Amaliy topshiriq: Maqsad: causative bilan xizmat va voqealarni ifodalash. Vazifa: "Things I had done last month" (xizmatlar + bir yoqimsiz hodisa) — 6 gap. Mezon: (1) 3 ta have/get sth done (xizmat); (2) 1 ta yoqimsiz hodisa (had sth stolen/broken); (3) 1 ta get sb to do yoki have sb do; (4) so'z tartibi to'g'ri.

12. Javoblar kaliti

A: 1. have my car serviced · 2. is having her hair cut / is getting her hair cut · 3. had his bike stolen · 4. had my teeth checked · 5. have our logo created

B: 1. got / to help · 2. has / book · 3. made / apologise

C: 1. I had my hair cut at the salon · 2. I had my phone repaired · 3. I got my friend to help me

O'qish: (1) she had transformed = o'zi o'zgartirdi (Past Perfect) — matn buni tuzatib had the house transformed = ustalarga o'zgartirtirdi (causative) · (2) yoqimsiz hodisa (asboblari o'g'irlandi) · (3) got a team of builders to handle.

Tez ma'lumotnoma

CAUSATIVE (boshqa qiladi, men tashkil qilaman):
  have / get  +  NARSA  +  V3
  I had my car repaired. (tuzattirdim)

 tartib: have/get + OBYEKT + V3 (NOT have V3 obyekt)
 I cut my hair (o'zim) ≠ I had my hair cut (oldirdim)

have vs get:  have = neytral/rasmiy | get = norasmiy/harakat
Yoqimsiz hodisa:  had my bag stolen (menga qilindi)

ODAMGA QILDIRISH:
  have + sb + V1       (rasmiy: have him check it)
  get + sb + TO + V1   (ko'ndirish: get him to check it)
  make + sb + V1       (majbur)  | let + sb + V1 (ruxsat)

Bog'lanish

• Oldingi: B2-12/13 (passive), B1-27 (make/let).
• Keyingi: B2-15 (Passive reporting — It is said that.../He is said to...).
• Lug'at: [LUGAT/37-MAXSUS-kollokatsiyalar-mavzuli.md].

Manba

Murphy English Grammar in Use (Unit 46); Swan Practical English Usage (causative); Cambridge B2 First; Oxford Practical English Usage.