B2 — 32-dars: Concession (yon berish — although/despite/whereas/however)

B2 — YUQORI O'RTA · 32-dars · (kengaytirilgan chuqurlik)

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Hayotda ko'p narsa kutilmagan bo'ladi: "Qiyin bo'lishiga qaramay, men muvaffaqiyat qozondim", "U boy bo'lsa-da, baxtsiz", "Qancha urinmasangiz ham, foydasi yo'q". Bu — concession (yon berish), ya'ni kutilgan natijaga zid holatlarni ifodalash. Ingliz tilida buning juda ko'p, nozik vositalari bor: although, even though, despite, whereas, however hard, no matter what, much as.

B2-31 da qarama-qarshilikning asoslarini ko'rdik; bu darsda uni chuqur va boy o'rganamiz — concession'ning barcha shakllari, ularning nozik farqlari va kuchaytirilgan shakllari (however hard you try, no matter what happens, much as I'd like to). Bu tuzilmalar yozuv va nutqni nozik, ishonarli va boy qiladi — IELTS band 7-8 va C1 ga ko'prik.

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Kutilmagan natija: "Although he studied hard, he failed."
• Yon berish + o'z fikri: "While I understand your point, I disagree."
• Kuchli yon berish: "No matter how hard I try, it's never enough."
• Rasmiy: "Despite numerous setbacks, the project succeeded."

ASOSIY tushuncha — concession = "A bo'lsa-da, kutilmagan B". Concession ikki qismni bog'laydi: birinchi qism (yon beriladigan fakt) "B kutilardi" deydi, lekin ikkinchi qism (kutilmagan natija) "lekin B emas" deydi:

Yon berish (fakt)	Kutilmagan natija
Although it was raining (yomg'ir uyda qolish kutilardi)	we went out (lekin chiqdik)
Despite his wealth (boy baxtli kutilardi)	he's miserable (lekin baxtsiz)
However hard I tried (qattiq urindim muvaffaqiyat kutilardi)	I failed (lekin yiqildim)

O'xshatish — "lekin"ning kuchli shakli: oddiy but — ikki gapni teng qarshi qo'yadi. Concession esa "kutilgan mantiqni buzadi": "yomg'ir yog'sa, odam uyda qoladi" — bu kutilgan mantiq. Although it rained, we went out — bu mantiqni buzadi ("yog'di, lekin baribir chiqdik"). Concession — "kutilganga zid" signal beradi.

Til fakti: ingliz tilida concession uchun ~15 dan ortiq tuzilma bor, va ular register va kuch bo'yicha farqlanadi: though (og'zaki) although (neytral) even though (ta'kid) despite (rasmiy) notwithstanding (juda rasmiy). Bu boylik — fikrni aniq darajada ifodalash imkonini beradi.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B2-31 (linking words): although/however/despite — uch tur. Bugun concession to'liq + kuchaytirilgan.
• A2-19 (although kirish): asos.
• B2-7 (even if): shartli yon berish — bugun even though bilan farqlash.
• B2-29 (inversion): much as / hard as bilan bog'liq.
• Tez mashq: "It was hard. I finished." Although it was hard, I finished.

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. although / though / even though + GAP

Although / Though / Even though + EGA + fe'l

Although it was expensive, I bought it.
I bought it, although it was expensive. (vergul o'rtada)
Even though he apologised, I was still angry. (kuchliroq)

even though = although + ta'kid ("hatto ... bo'lsa ham"). even though ≠ even if: even though (haqiqiy fakt), even if (faraziy — B2-7): Even though it's raining (yog'yapti) vs Even if it rains (yog'sa ham).

3.2. despite / in spite of + OT / -ing / the fact that

Despite / In spite of + OT yoki V-ing yoki "the fact that" + gap

Despite the rain, we went out.            (+ ot)
Despite being tired, I finished.          (+ -ing)
Despite the fact that it was raining, ... (+ the fact that + gap)
In spite of his efforts, he failed.       (in spite OF)

KALIT: despite/in spite of — keyin gap kelmaydi! Faqat ot/-ing/the fact that. Despite it was raining Despite the rain / Despite being... / Despite the fact that it was raining. despite = in spite of (ma'no bir xil; despite — bir so'z, in spite of — uch so'z).

3.3. while / whereas — to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qarama-qarshilik

While I agree with the idea, I doubt its success.
Tom is outgoing, whereas his brother is shy.
Whereas the north is industrial, the south is rural.

while/whereas — ikki narsani solishtirib qarshi qo'yadi (concession + taqqoslash). whereas faqat shu ma'noda (vaqt emas); while ham vaqt, ham qarama-qarshilik.

3.4. however / no matter — KUCHAYTIRILGAN yon berish

However + sifat/ravish + ega + fe'l:
  However hard I try, I can't do it. (qancha urinmay)
  However rich you are, money can't buy health.

No matter + how/what/who/where/when:
  No matter how hard I try, ... (qancha urinmay)
  No matter what happens, I'll support you. (nima bo'lsa ham)
  No matter who you are, rules apply.

However + sifat = no matter how + sifat = "qanchalik ... bo'lsa ham". Bu — kuchli, cheksiz yon berish. However bu yerda "lekin" emas, "qanchalik ... bo'lsa ham"!

3.5. even so / nevertheless / nonetheless — ravish (yangi gap)

It was risky. Even so, we tried.          (shunga qaramay)
He's difficult. Nevertheless, I respect him. (baribir)
The plan failed. Nonetheless, we learnt a lot.

Bular — B2-31 dagi however kabi ulagich ravishlar (yangi gap, nuqta/; bilan). even so = "shunga qaramay", nevertheless/nonetheless = "baribir" (rasmiy).

3.6. Maxsus/adabiy shakllar — much as / as / for all

Much as I'd like to help, I can't. (juda xohlasam ham)
Tired as I was, I kept going. (= Although I was tired — adabiy inversiya)
Try as I might, I couldn't open it. (qancha urinmay)
For all his money, he's unhappy. (boyligiga qaramay)

Adjective + as + ega + fe'l = adabiy yon berish: Tired as I was = "garchi charchagan bo'lsam ham". Much as = "juda ... sa ham". For all = "...ga qaramay".

4. Native nozikliklari va qo'shimcha qoidalar

• though oxirda (og'zaki ravish): It's expensive. I'll buy it, though. (= lekin — gap oxirida).
• although/though — vergul o'rni. Gap boshida vergul o'rtada (Although X, Y). Gap o'rtasida vergulsiz (Y although X).
• "albeit" (juda rasmiy) = although + qisqa: He agreed, albeit reluctantly. (garchi istamay).
• even though faqat HAQIQAT bilan; even if — FARAZ: I'll go even if it rains (yog'sa ham — faraziy) vs I went even though it rained (yoqqaniga qaramay — fakt).
• whilst = while (BrE rasmiy/eski).
• Concession + inversiya (B2-29): Hard as he tried... / Strange though it may seem... — adabiy.

5. Ko'p misollar (toifa bo'yicha)

ALTHOUGH/THOUGH: Although she was nervous, she gave a great speech.
EVEN THOUGH:     Even though I'd studied, I forgot everything.
DESPITE/IN SPITE: Despite the difficulties, they succeeded.
                 In spite of being warned, he continued.
WHILE/WHEREAS:   While I respect him, I disagree. / She's calm, whereas I panic.
HOWEVER/NO MATTER: However tired you are, finish the job.
                   No matter what they say, ignore them.
EVEN SO:         The odds were against us. Even so, we won.
ADABIY:          Much as I admire her, I won't agree. / Try as he might, he failed.

6. Holat/case yechimlari (kengaytirilgan)

1. "Qiyin bo'lishiga qaramay, men tugatdim." (3 usul)

• Although it was hard, I finished. (bog'lovchi)
• Despite the difficulty, I finished. (predlog + ot)
• Despite being tired, I finished. (predlog + -ing)

2. "Yomg'irga qaramay, biz chiqdik."

• Despite the rain, we went out. / Despite the fact that it rained, ...
• Despite it rained. (despite + gap = xato!).

3. "U boy bo'lsa-da, baxtsiz." (ta'kid)

• Even though he's rich, he's unhappy. / Despite his wealth, ... / For all his money, ...

4. "Qancha urinmay, ochib bo'lmadi."

• However hard I tried, I couldn't open it. / No matter how hard I tried, ...

5. "Men sizning fikringizni hurmat qilaman, lekin rozi emasman." (yon berish)

• While I respect your view, I disagree.

6. "Yomg'ir yog'sa ham, boraman." (faraz) vs "Yoqqaniga qaramay, bordim." (fakt)

• I'll go even if it rains. (faraz) vs I went even though it rained. (fakt).

7. "Nima bo'lsa ham, men yoningizdaman."

• No matter what happens, I'm with you.

8. "Juda yoqtirsam ham, rozi bo'lolmayman." (adabiy)

• Much as I like it, I can't agree.

7. Kengaytirilgan lug'at + kollokatsiya

Tayyor iboralar:

• That may be true, but... — Bu rost bo'lishi mumkin, lekin ...
• I take your point, however... — Fikringizni tushunaman, ammo ...
• Granted, it's risky, but... — To'g'ri, xavfli-ku, lekin ...
• Be that as it may, ... — Har holda, ...

8. Dialog (munozara — yon berish)

A: I think we should cancel the launch. B: While I understand your concerns, I think we should proceed. A: But the budget is tight! B: Granted, money is short. Even so, delaying could cost us more. A: Despite the risks? B: Yes. No matter how carefully we plan, there'll always be uncertainty. Much as I'd love a perfect moment, it doesn't exist. A: Although I see your logic, I'm still nervous. B: That's fair. However tough it seems, I believe in this team. For all our challenges, we've always delivered. A: Albeit reluctantly, I'll agree. Let's do it.

Tahlil: While I understand (yon berish + o'z fikri), Granted... Even so (yon berish), Despite the risks (predlog), No matter how carefully (kuchaytirilgan), Much as I'd love (adabiy), Although I see (bog'lovchi), However tough (kuchaytirilgan), For all our challenges (ibora), Albeit reluctantly (rasmiy qisqa). To'liq concession palitra.

9. O'qish — graded matn (kengaytirilgan)

The paradox of progress

Although technology has improved our lives, it has also created new problems. Despite living longer and healthier than ever, many people feel more anxious than previous generations.

While the internet connects us globally, it can also isolate us. No matter how many "friends" we have online, loneliness is rising. Even though we have access to endless information, wisdom seems no greater.

For all its benefits, progress comes at a price. However convenient our gadgets are, they demand our constant attention. Much as we love them, they can enslave us.

Nevertheless, few of us would return to the past. Granted, life was simpler then. Even so, it was also harder, shorter, and more painful. The challenge, albeit a difficult one, is to enjoy progress without being controlled by it.

Savollar: (1) Matndan har xil concession tuzilmasidan 4 tasini toping (although, despite, no matter, etc.). (2) "However convenient our gadgets are" — however bu yerda qanday ma'no beradi? (3) "albeit a difficult one" ni although bilan yozing. (4) "For all its benefits" ma'nosi?

10. Keng tarqalgan xatolar (L1 ta'siri) — kengaytirilgan

Asosiy tuzoqlar (4 ta): (1) despite/in spite of + ot/-ing (gap emas); (2) despite — of yo'q; in spite of; (3) however + sifat + ega + fe'l (however hard I try); (4) even though (fakt) vs even if (faraz).

11. Chuqur tahlil — qo'shimcha faktlar va nozikliklar

B2 dan C1 ga ko'prik.

(a) "though" oxirda — og'zaki "lekin". Nice weather. Bit cold, though. Gap oxiridagi though = "lekin/ammo" (norasmiy ravish). Boshqa concession so'zlar bu o'rinda kelmaydi.

(b) "albeit" — faqat ibora/sifat oldidan. He agreed, albeit reluctantly / albeit with conditions. — to'liq gap olmaydi (faqat sifat/ravish/ibora). = "garchi ... bo'lsa-da".

(c) Concessive inversion (adabiy) — B2-29. Hard as/though he tried, he failed (= Although he tried hard). Strange as/though it may seem... (= Although it may seem strange). Sifat boshda + as/though — yuqori uslub.

(d) "no matter" vs "however" — bir xil ma'no. No matter how hard = However hard; No matter what = Whatever; No matter who = Whoever. no matter og'zaki/universal; however/whatever biroz rasmiyroq.

(e) "whatever/whoever/wherever" — concessive. Whatever you decide, I'll support you (= no matter what). Wherever you go, I'll follow. Bu so'zlar "-ever" bilan concession bildiradi.

(f) "while" — uch ma'no. Vaqt (while I cooked), qarama-qarshilik (while I agree, but...), va davomiylik. Kontekst ajratadi — eng ko'p qarama-qarshilik (gap boshida).

(g) "even though" + comma intonation. I trust him, even though he's let me down before — gap o'rtasida even though qo'shimcha izoh beradi. Yozma uslubda kuchli.

(h) Yon berish + o'z pozitsiyasini bildirish. Yaxshi munozarada: "While I agree that X, I believe Y" — avval raqibning fikrini tan olib (concession), keyin o'z fikrini bildirish. Bu — diplomatik, ishonarli usul (IELTS/debate).

(i) Bo'lakning o'rni — urg'u qaysi qismga tushishi. Concession'da odatda ikkinchi bo'lak asosiy fikr bo'ladi, birinchisi esa yon beriladigan fakt. Shuning uchun bo'lakni joylashtirish urg'uni o'zgartiradi: Although he's talented, he's lazy (asosiy xabar — "dangasa") va Although he's lazy, he's talented (asosiy xabar — "iqtidorli"). Ma'no zid, chunki yon berilgan qismni birinchi qo'yasiz, xulosani — oxiriga. IELTS/akademik yozuvda: chiqarmoqchi bo'lgan xulosangizni har doim ikkinchi bo'lakka qo'ying.

(j) "even though / although" bilan kelasi va o'tmish mosligi. Concession bo'lagida zamon asosiy gapga mos bo'lishi kerak: Even though it will be hard, I'll try (kelasi), Although he had failed before, he succeeded (o'tmishda ilgarilik). Yon berish bo'lagi mustaqil zamon oladi — asosiy gap bilan mantiqan bog'lanadi, lekin shakl jihatidan majburiy siljish yo'q (shart gaplardan farqi).

C1 ko'prik: concession — ishonarli munozaraning yuragi. "Raqib fikrini tan olib, keyin rad etish" (While X is true, Y is more important) — bu C1/akademik darajaning belgisi. Bir tomonlama emas, balansli fikrlash.

12. Mashqlar (drills) + production

A. To'g'ri so'zni tanlang (although / despite / however / no matter):

1. ___ being exhausted, she kept working.
2. ___ she was exhausted, she kept working.
3. ___ hard she works, it's never enough.
4. ___ what you say, I won't change my mind.

B. Concession bilan birlashtiring:

1. It was expensive. I bought it. (although)
2. He's rich. He's unhappy. (despite)
3. I respect her. I disagree. (while)
4. I tried hard. I failed. (however)

C. Xatoni tuzating:

1. Despite it was late, we continued.
2. In spite the rain, we went.
3. Although he was tired, but he finished.
4. However I tried hard, I couldn't.
5. Despite of his efforts, he lost.

D. Production: Bir munozarali mavzu (masalan "ijtimoiy tarmoqlar") haqida balansli fikr — 5 gap: raqib fikrini tan olib (While/Although), keyin o'z fikringizni bildiring. Kamida 3 xil concession tuzilmasi.

Amaliy topshiriq: Maqsad: balansli, ishonarli fikr (concession bilan). Vazifa: "Is [mavzu] good or bad?" — 6 gaplik balansli munozara. Mezon: (1) 1 although/even though (+ gap); (2) 1 despite/in spite of (+ ot/-ing); (3) 1 while/whereas; (4) 1 however + sifat yoki no matter; (5) o'z pozitsiyangiz aniq; (6) grammatika/punktuatsiya to'g'ri.

13. Javoblar kaliti

A: 1. Despite · 2. Although · 3. However · 4. No matter

B: 1. Although it was expensive, I bought it · 2. Despite being rich / Despite his wealth, he's unhappy · 3. While I respect her, I disagree · 4. However hard I tried, I failed

C: 1. Despite the late hour / being late / Although it was late · 2. In spite of the rain · 3. Although he was tired, he finished (but olib tashlanadi) · 4. However hard I tried · 5. Despite his efforts (of yo'q) / In spite of his efforts

O'qish: (1) Although technology..., Despite living..., While the internet..., No matter how..., Even though..., For all..., However convenient..., Much as... (har qaysi 4 tasi) · (2) "qanchalik qulay bo'lsa ham" (however + sifat) · (3) although it is a difficult one / although difficult · (4) "barcha foydalariga qaramay".

Tez ma'lumotnoma

CONCESSION (yon berish — "A bo'lsa-da, kutilmagan B"):
  + GAP:        although / though / even though + ega + fe'l
                while / whereas (qarama-qarshilik)
  + OT/-ing:    despite / in spite of (+ ot / -ing / the fact that)
  KUCHAYTIRILGAN: however + sifat + ega (however hard I try)
                  no matter how/what/who/where + ...
  RAVISH (yangi gap): even so, nevertheless, nonetheless, all the same
  ADABIY:       much as, [sifat] as/though I was, for all, albeit

 despite/in spite of + OT/-ing (gap EMAS) · despite (of YO'Q) · in spite OF
 although...but birga emas · even though(fakt) ≠ even if(faraz)
 however hard I try (NOT however I try hard)

Bog'lanish

• Oldingi: B2-31 (linking words), A2-19, B2-7 (even if).
• Keyingi: B2-33 (Cause & result — chuqur).
• Aloqador: B2-29 (concessive inversion), B2-30 (emphasis).

Manba

Swan Practical English Usage (concession, contrast); Murphy English Grammar in Use (Units 112–113); Cambridge B2/C1; Oxford Practical English Usage.