B2 — 30-dars: Emphasis — cleft sentences + emphatic do

B2 — YUQORI O'RTA · 30-dars · (kengaytirilgan chuqurlik)

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Ba'zan gapning bir qismini alohida ta'kidlash kerak: "Aynan Jon qo'ng'iroq qildi" (boshqa hech kim emas), "Menga kerakli narsa — tinchlik", "Men chindan ham sizni sevaman". Ingliz tili buni maxsus tuzilmalar bilan beradi: cleft sentences (ajratma gaplar — It was John who.../ What I need is...) va emphatic do (I do love you). Bu vositalar gapni kuchli, aniq va ta'sirli qiladi.

B2-29 da inversiya orqali ta'kidni ko'rdik; bu darsda boshqa ta'kid vositalarini o'rganamiz. "Cleft" so'zi "bo'lingan" degani — bitta oddiy gapni ikkiga "bo'lib", bir qismni urg'uga chiqaramiz. Bu — yozma va og'zaki inglizning kundalik vositasi, lekin to'g'ri ishlatish nozik mahorat talab qiladi. IELTS Speaking/Writing va C1 ga ko'prik.

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Ta'kid (kim/nima): "It was her who suggested it." (aynan u)
• Ta'kid (nima): "What I really want is to travel."
• Tuzatish: "It wasn't me who broke it!"
• Kuchaytirish: "I did tell you — you just forgot!"

ASOSIY tushuncha — gapni "bo'lib", bir qismni nurga chiqarish. Oddiy gap hammasini teng beradi. Cleft tuzilma esa bitta elementni projektor ostiga qo'yadi:

Oddiy	Cleft (ta'kidlangan)
John called yesterday.	It was John who called yesterday. (KIM)
	It was yesterday that John called. (QACHON)
	What John did was call. (NIMA QILDI)
I love you.	I do love you. (HAQIQATAN)

O'xshatish — "projektor": oddiy gap — yorug' xona (hamma narsa teng ko'rinadi). Cleft tuzilma — qorong'i sahnada bitta projektor: u faqat ta'kidlanayotgan elementni yoritadi. "It was John..." — projektor Jonga qaratilgan (boshqalar emas, aynan Jon). Tinglovchi diqqati o'sha yerga boradi.

Til fakti: cleft sentences ingliz tilida ma'lumot tarkibini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladi. Ingliz tilida so'z tartibi qattiq (SVO), shuning uchun urg'uni o'zgartirish uchun maxsus tuzilma kerak. O'zbek tilida urg'u so'z tartibi va intonatsiya bilan erkin beriladi ("buni Jon qildi"), inglizda esa cleft konstruksiyasi bilan.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B2-29 (inversion): ta'kidning bir usuli. Bugun cleft + emphatic do.
• B2-18 (relative clauses): who/that/what — cleft'ning yuragi.
• B2-30 (what = the thing that): nominal relative. Bugun cleft'da.
• Tez mashq: "John called" ta'kid: It was John who called.

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. It-cleft — It + be + X + that/who...

It + is/was + [TA'KID] + that/who + qolgan gap

It was Maria who won the prize. (odam  who/that)
It was in Paris that they met. (joy  that)
It's the noise that bothers me. (narsa  that)
It wasn't me who said that. (inkor — tuzatish)

It + be ta'kidlanayotgan element zamoniga moslashadi (It is / It was). Odam who/that; narsa/joy/vaqt that.

3.2. Wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft) — What + ... + be + ...

What + [gap] + is/was + [TA'KID]

What I need is a holiday.           (= I need a holiday — ta'kid: holiday)
What he wants is respect.
What surprised me was her honesty.
What we did was call the police.    (harakat ta'kidi  was + (to) call)
What happened was (that) the car broke down.

What-clause = "the thing that" (ta'kidlash uchun gap boshiga). Asosiy ma'no be dan keyin keladi (urg'u shu yerda). Harakat ta'kidi: What I did was (to) call.

3.3. Boshqa cleft modellari

The person who... : The person who helped me was a stranger.
The reason (why)...: The reason (why) I left was the noise.
The place where...: The place where we met was a café.
The thing (that)...: The thing (that) I love is the freedom.
All (that)...      : All I want is peace. (= the only thing)

All I want is... = "yagona narsa" (the only thing). Kuchli cheklov ma'nosi.

3.4. Emphatic do/does/did — fe'lni ta'kidlash

EGA + do/does/did + V1 (asos shakl)

I do love you! (chindan ham)
She does work hard. (haqiqatan)
He did call — you just missed it. (qo'ng'iroq qildi-ku!)
Do sit down. (iltimos, o'tiring — muloyim ta'kid)

Vazifalari:

1. Tasdiqni kuchaytirish: I do believe you.
2. Inkorni rad etish / tuzatish: "You didn't tell me." — "I did tell you!"
3. Qarama-qarshilik: I don't like tea, but I do like coffee.
4. Muloyim taklif (buyruqda): Do come in! / Do have a seat. do/does/did + V1 (asos shakl): did call (NOT did called).

3.5. Fronting — gap qismini boshga chiqarish (ta'kid)

That film, I really enjoyed. (= I really enjoyed that film)
His attitude, I can't stand.
Money, he has plenty of.

Obyekt yoki boshqa elementni gap boshiga chiqarish — norasmiy ta'kid. (Inversiya emas — fe'l tartibi o'zgarmaydi.)

4. Native nozikliklari va qo'shimcha qoidalar

• It-cleft tuzatish uchun ideal: "It was YOU who started it, not me!" — aybni aniqlash/tuzatish.
• Wh-cleft yangi ma'lumotni oxiriga qo'yadi: What matters is the result — eng muhim so'z (result) oxirda, urg'u ostida.
• emphatic do — faqat tasdiqda: I do like it , lekin inkorda yo'q (I don't... — do allaqachon bor).
• "It is ... that" — boshqa cleft'lardan farq. Bu yerda it "soxta ega" (dummy) — tarjima qilinmaydi.
• Cleft + inversiya birga (kuchli): Never have I seen... / What I have never seen is... — turli vositalar.
• "The thing is..." / "The point is..." — og'zaki ta'kid kirituvchilari: The thing is, I can't afford it.

5. Ko'p misollar

IT-CLEFT:    It was the weather that ruined our trip.
             It's you who I want to thank.
WH-CLEFT:    What I admire is her courage.
             What we need is more time.
             What he did was (to) ignore me.
THE...:      The reason I called was to apologise.
             All I ask is honesty.
EMPHATIC DO: I do appreciate your help.
             She did warn us.
             Do be careful!
FRONTING:    Chocolate, I can resist. Cake, I cannot.

6. Holat/case yechimlari (kengaytirilgan)

1. "Aynan Maria mukofotni yutdi." (kim)

• It was Maria who won the prize. (odam who/that).

2. "Menga kerakli narsa — dam olish."

• What I need is a rest. (wh-cleft).

3. "Buni men aytmadim!" (tuzatish)

• It wasn't me who said that.

4. "Men chindan ham sizga aytdim — siz unutdingiz."

• I did tell you — you just forgot. (emphatic did + V1).

5. "Meni bezovta qiladigan narsa — shovqin."

• It's the noise that bothers me. / What bothers me is the noise.

6. "Men so'ragan yagona narsa — halollik."

• All I ask is honesty. (the only thing).

7. "U qilgan ish — meni e'tiborsiz qoldirish edi."

• What he did was (to) ignore me. (harakat ta'kidi).

8. "Iltimos, kiring." (muloyim ta'kid)

• Do come in. (emphatic do — muloyim taklif).

7. Kengaytirilgan lug'at + kollokatsiya (ta'kid kirituvchilari)

Tayyor iboralar:

• That's exactly what I mean. — Aynan shuni nazarda tutyapman.
• It's not you, it's me. — Siz emas, men aybdorman.
• What matters most is... — Eng muhimi — ...

8. Dialog

A: I heard the project failed. Was it your fault? B: No! It was the deadline that killed us, not the team. We did work hard — incredibly hard. A: So what went wrong? B: What ruined everything was the last-minute change. It wasn't us who decided that — it was management. A: Did you tell them it was risky? B: Of course I did warn them. The thing is, no one listened. All we asked for was more time. A: That's frustrating. B: What frustrates me most is that we did everything right. It's the system that failed, not the people. Believe it or not, I'd do it all again.

Tahlil: It was the deadline that killed (it-cleft), We did work (emphatic), What ruined everything was (wh-cleft), It wasn't us who (it-cleft inkor), I did warn (emphatic), The thing is (kirituvchi), All we asked for was (all-cleft), What frustrates me most is... we did everything... It's the system that (cleft + emphatic). To'liq ta'kid tizimi.

9. O'qish — graded matn (kengaytirilgan)

It's not what you know

People often say that success depends on talent. But what really matters, research suggests, is persistence. It's not the most gifted who succeed — it's those who refuse to give up.

Consider Edison. What made him great wasn't genius alone; it was his willingness to fail. He did fail — thousands of times. But what he understood was that each failure brought him closer.

The thing is, talent without effort rarely wins. All that separates the successful from the rest, in many cases, is the courage to keep going. It's persistence, not perfection, that builds great things.

So the next time you feel like quitting, remember: what counts isn't how clever you are. What counts is whether you do get back up.

Savollar: (1) Matndan 3 ta wh-cleft (What...is/was) toping. (2) "It's those who refuse to give up" — qaysi tuzilma? (3) "He did fail" — did nima qiladi? (4) "All that separates... is the courage" — all qanday ma'no beradi?

10. Keng tarqalgan xatolar (L1 ta'siri) — kengaytirilgan

Asosiy tuzoqlar (4 ta): (1) it-cleft: odamwho/that, narsa/vaqt/joythat; (2) wh-cleft birlik fe'l (What I need is); (3) emphatic do/does/did + V1 (asos shakl); (4) All (that)... (NOT all what).

11. Chuqur tahlil — qo'shimcha faktlar va nozikliklar

B2 dan C1 ga ko'prik.

(a) It-cleft — fe'l mosligi. It was they who were late — it be odatda 3-shaxs birlik (it was), lekin ergash gapdagi fe'l ta'kidlangan otga moslashadi (who were). Rasmiy: It is I who am; og'zaki: It's me who is.

(b) Wh-cleft — faqat "what" emas. Where I want to go is Japan (joy), Why he left was a mystery (sabab), The way she sang was beautiful (usul), (The) one thing I hate is lies. Turli wh-so'zlar bilan.

(c) "What...is" — fe'l ta'kidi uchun "do" qo'shiladi. What he did was (to) ruin it / What you should do is (to) apologise. Harakat ta'kidlanganda — do + (to) V1.

(d) Reverse wh-cleft. A holiday is what I need (= What I need is a holiday). Ta'kidlangan element boshda — yana bir variant.

(e) Emphatic do — o'tmishda "did". "You never call." — "I did call yesterday!" (did call = qo'ng'iroq qildim-ku). Inkorni rad etishda kuchli.

(f) Fronting vs inversion farqi. Fronting: element boshda, lekin fe'l tartibi oddiy (That, I like). Inversion: yordamchi + ega o'rin almashadi (Never have I). Ikki boshqa hodisa.

(g) "It is X that" — ta'kid yoki noaniq? Cleft (It was John that called — ta'kid) ni It = "vaziyat" (It is clear that... — oddiy) bilan adashtirmang. Cleft'da that dan keyin "to'liqsiz" gap (ega/obyekt yetishmaydi).

(i) It-cleft nafaqat ot, balki sabab/vaziyat/ergash gapni ham ta'kidlaydi. It was because it rained that we cancelled (sabab), It was only when I left that I understood (vaqt-shart), It was not until midnight that he called (inkor + vaqt). Bu — akademik inshoda sababiy bog'lanishni kuchli ta'kidlash usuli va IELTS Writing'da yuqori baho beruvchi tuzilma. Diqqat: it was because... that dan keyin butun ergash gap keladi, oddiy ot emas.

(j) Register. Cleft tuzilmalar — og'zaki HAM, yozma HAM tabiiy (inversiyadan kamroq rasmiy). What I think is... — kundalik nutqda juda keng tarqalgan; It was... who — tuzatish/ta'kid uchun universal.

C1 ko'prik: cleft + emphatic do + fronting — fikrni aniq joylashtirish va ta'kid darajasini boshqarish vositalari. Yozuvchi qaysi so'zga e'tibor kerakligini cleft bilan ko'rsatadi. IELTS va akademik insho da ular fikrni "boshqarilgan va aniq" qiladi.

12. Mashqlar (drills) + production

A. It-cleft bilan ta'kidlang (qavsdagi qismni):

1. (Tom) broke the vase. It ___
2. I met her (in London). It ___
3. (The traffic) made us late. It ___

B. Wh-cleft bilan qayta yozing:

1. I need a break. What ___
2. Her smile impressed me. What ___
3. He apologised. (harakat ta'kidi) What he did ___

C. Emphatic do/does/did qo'shing:

1. I ___ (love) this song! (ta'kid)
2. "You forgot." — "I ___ (not forget)! I ___ (remind) you yesterday."
3. ___ (sit) down, please. (muloyim)

D. Xatoni tuzating:

1. It was John which helped me.
2. What I want are some answers.
3. I did called you twice.
4. All what I need is rest.

E. Production: O'zingiz haqida bir muhim fikrni 3 xil ta'kid bilan ifodalang (it-cleft, wh-cleft, emphatic do).

Amaliy topshiriq: Maqsad: ta'kidni cleft va emphatic do bilan. Vazifa: "What really matters to me" — 6 gaplik matn. Mezon: (1) 1 it-cleft (It is/was ... that/who); (2) 1 wh-cleft (What ... is); (3) 1 emphatic do/does/did; (4) 1 All (that)... is yoki The reason...; (5) fe'l mosligi to'g'ri.

13. Javoblar kaliti

A: 1. It was Tom who/that broke the vase · 2. It was in London that I met her · 3. It was the traffic that made us late

B: 1. What I need is a break · 2. What impressed me was her smile · 3. What he did was (to) apologise

C: 1. do love · 2. did not forget "I didn't forget! I did remind you" · 3. Do sit down

D: 1. It was John who/that helped me · 2. What I want is some answers · 3. I did call you · 4. All (that) I need is rest

O'qish: (1) What really matters... is persistence; What made him great wasn't genius; What he understood was...; what counts is... (har qaysi 3 tasi) · (2) it-cleft (It's those who...) · (3) did tasdiqni kuchaytiradi (chindan ham muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi) · (4) all = yagona narsa (the only thing that separates).

Tez ma'lumotnoma

IT-CLEFT:  It + is/was + [TA'KID] + that/who + qolgan gap
  It was John WHO called. (odamwho/that)
  It was yesterday THAT I saw him. (vaqt/joy/narsathat)

WH-CLEFT:  What + [gap] + is/was + [TA'KID]   ( BIRLIK fe'l)
  What I need IS a holiday.
  What he did WAS (to) call. (harakat  (to) V1)

OTHER:  The reason (why)... · The thing (that)... · All (that)... is (=yagona)

EMPHATIC DO/DOES/DID + V1 (asos shakl):
  I DO love you. · She DID warn us. · Do sit down. (muloyim)
   tasdiq kuchaytirish / inkorni rad etish

 wh-cleft  birlik fe'l · do+V1 (did call, NOT did called) · All (that), NOT all what

Bog'lanish

• Oldingi: B2-29 (inversion), B2-18 (relative clauses), B2-30 (what = nominal relative).
• Keyingi: B2-31 (Linking words & discourse markers).
• Aloqador: B2-22 (ta'kid), B2-27 (focus adverbs).

Manba

Swan Practical English Usage (emphasis, cleft sentences); Murphy English Grammar in Use (Unit 117); Cambridge Advanced; Quirk A Comprehensive Grammar (cleft, focus); Oxford Practical English Usage.