B2 — 37-dars: Question forms — ilg'or (subject/object, inkor savol, tags, echo)

B2 — YUQORI O'RTA · 37-dars · (kengaytirilgan chuqurlik)

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Savol berish — muloqotning yarmi. Lekin B2 darajada savollarning nozik turlari bor: "Who called you?" va "Who did you call?" (ega vs to'ldiruvchi savol — biri do siz!); "Don't you agree?" (inkor savol — rozilik kutadi); "You're coming, aren't you?" (question tag — tasdiq so'rash); "Oh, did you?" (echo savol — qiziqish bildirish). Bu nozikliklar — tabiiy, native suhbatning va xushmuomala muloqotning kaliti.

A1-16, B1-24/25 da savollarga kirdingiz. Bu darsda ularni chuqur o'rganamiz: ega/to'ldiruvchi savollar, inkor savollar va ularning funksiyasi (rozilik, hayrat, taklif), murakkab question taglar, echo savollar, va bilvosita savollar. Bu — IELTS Speaking, intervyu va kundalik tabiiy muloqot uchun hal qiluvchi.

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Aniqlik: "Who broke it?" (ega — do siz) vs "Who did you blame?" (to'ldiruvchi).
• Xushmuomalalik: "You couldn't help me, could you?" (muloyim iltimos)
• Tasdiq: "It's expensive, isn't it?" (rozilik so'rash)
• Qiziqish: "Oh, have you? Tell me more!" (echo)

ASOSIY tushuncha — savol turi tuzilishi. B2 darajada savolning vazifasi uning shaklini belgilaydi:

Savol turi	Vazifa	Misol
Ega savoli	egani so'raydi (do siz!)	Who called?
To'ldiruvchi savoli	obyektni so'raydi	Who did you call?
Inkor savol	rozilik/hayrat	Don't you agree?
Question tag	tasdiq so'rash	..., isn't it?
Echo savol	qiziqish/hayrat	Oh, did you?
Bilvosita savol	xushmuomala	Could you tell me where...?

O'xshatish — "kalit turlari": har savol turi — boshqacha kalit. To'g'ri eshikni ochish uchun to'g'ri kalit kerak. "Don't you...?" — bu "rozilikni ochuvchi" kalit (rozilik kutadi). "..., isn't it?" — "tasdiq kaliti". "Oh, really?" — "qiziqish kaliti". Noto'g'ri kalit ishlatsangiz, suhbat "g'iyqillaydi".

Til-kontrast fakti: o'zbek tilida savol asosan intonatsiya yoki -mi yuklamasi bilan beriladi ("Keldingizmi?"). Ingliz tilida esa so'z tartibi o'zgaradi (yordamchi + ega) yoki question tag qo'shiladi. Ayniqsa ega savoli (Who came?) — o'zbeklar uchun chalkash, chunki bu yerda do ishlatilmaydi (boshqa savollardan farqli).

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-24 (question tags): ..., isn't it? Bugun murakkab tags + inkor savol.
• B1-25 (indirect questions): Could you tell me where...? Bugun chuqur.
• A1-15/16 (do/does savol, so'roq so'zlar): asos.
• B2-29 (inversion): savol-tartibi bilan bog'liq.
• Tez mashq: "Someone called." savol: Who called? (ega — do siz). "You called someone." Who did you call?

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Ega savoli vs To'ldiruvchi savoli (do bormi yoki yo'qmi?)

EGA savoli (who/what = EGA):  do/does/did ISHLATILMAYDI, so'z tartibi oddiy
  Who called you?        (kim qo'ng'iroq qildi — who = ega)
  What happened?
  Who broke the window?

TO'LDIRUVCHI savoli (who/what = OBYEKT): do/does/did kerak
  Who did you call?      (siz kimga qo'ng'iroq qildingiz — who = obyekt)
  What did you see?
  Who did he blame?

KALIT: so'roq so'zi (who/what) ega bo'lsa do/did YO'Q, fe'l odatdagidek (Who came?). So'roq so'zi obyekt bo'lsa do/did kerak (Who did you see?). Bu — o'zbeklar uchun eng chalkash savol qoidasi.

3.2. Inkor savollar — funksiyasi

Don't you / Doesn't he / Isn't it / Aren't they + ...?

Don't you think it's too expensive? (rozilik so'rash)
Haven't we met before? (ehtimol-tasdiq)
Why didn't you call me? (tanbeh/sabab)

Inkor savolga javob — ehtiyot: "Don't you like it?" — agar yoqsa: "Yes (I do)."; yoqmasa: "No (I don't)." (O'zbek/rus mantiqida teskari bo'lishi mumkin — ingliz tilida faktga qarab: yoqsa Yes, yoqmasa No.)

3.3. Question tags — ilg'or (murakkab holatlar)

ASOSIY: ijobiy gap  inkor tag / inkor gap  ijobiy tag
  It's cold, isn't it? / It isn't cold, is it?

You won't tell anyone, will you? (iltimos)
This is your bag, isn't it? (tasdiq)

Ohang muhim: tushuvchi ohang = tasdiq kutish (ishonch bor); ko'tariluvchi ohang = chinakam savol (ishonch yo'q).

3.4. Echo / reply questions — qiziqish bildirish

Yordamchi + ega (qisqa) — qiziqish/hayrat:
  "I passed the exam!" — "Did you? Well done!"
  "She's getting married." — "Is she? That's great!"
  "I've never been abroad." — "Haven't you? Really?"

Echo savol = "rost-a? qiziq!" Yordamchini takrorlaysiz (zamon/shaxsga moslab): I passed Did you?; She's... Is she?. Bu — faol tinglashning, suhbatni davom ettirishning belgisi.

3.5. Bilvosita / kiritilgan savollar (B1-25 chuqur)

To'g'ridan: Where is the station?
Bilvosita:  Could you tell me where the station IS? (darak tartibi!)
            Do you know what time IT STARTS?
            I wonder if/whether HE'LL COME.

Bilvosita savolda darak tartibi (ega + fe'l), do/does/did yo'qoladi: Where does he live? ...where he lives. Savol belgisi: butun gap savol bo'lsa (Could you tell me...?) — bor; darak bo'lsa (I wonder...) — yo'q.

3.6. Question word + to-infinitive

what/where/how/whether + to + V1:
  I don't know what to do.
  Can you show me how to use it?
  We're not sure where to go.
  I can't decide whether to stay or leave.

wh-word + to-infinitive = "nima qilishni / qayerga borishni..." — bilvosita savolning qisqa shakli. why bilan ishlatilmaydi ( why to do).

4. Misollar — turi bo'yicha

EGA:        Who wants coffee? / What caused the delay? / Which team won?
TO'LDIRUVCHI: Who did you invite? / What are you doing? / Which one do you prefer?
INKOR:      Isn't it obvious? / Don't you agree? / Why didn't you say so?
TAG:        You're tired, aren't you? / Let's eat, shall we? / I'm right, aren't I?
ECHO:       "I quit my job." — "Did you?! Why?"
BILVOSITA:  Do you know where she lives? / I wonder why he left.
WH+TO:      Tell me what to say. / I don't know how to thank you.

5. Yangi so'zlar (Anki jadvali) + kollokatsiya

Kollokatsiya/chunk: Guess what? / You know what? / What's up? / What's going on? / How's it going? / What do you make of...? (nima deb o'ylaysiz?).

Native siri — savolni yumshatish: to'g'ridan-to'g'ri "What's your salary?" qo'pol; native yumshatadi: "Do you mind if I ask...?", "Can I ask you something?", "...if you don't mind me asking." Bilvosita savol (Could you tell me...?) — eng xushmuomala.

6. Dialog + o'qish matni

Dialog (suhbat — echo + tag): A: Guess what? I got the job! B: Did you?! That's amazing! In London, isn't it? A: Yeah. I'm moving next month. B: Next month? Isn't that a bit soon? Don't you need time to pack? A: I do, but I can't say no, can I? It's a dream role. B: True. So, who told you the news? A: The manager called me directly. How come you look surprised? B: I just didn't expect it so fast! You'll keep in touch, won't you? A: Of course. You know what? Let's celebrate this weekend, shall we?

Tahlil: Guess what? (qiziqtirish), Did you?! (echo), isn't it? / can I? / won't you? (taglar), Isn't that...? / Don't you...? (inkor savol — rozilik), who told you? (ega savoli — do siz!), How come? (norasmiy), shall we? (taklif tag). To'liq savol tizimi.

O'qish (graded):

The power of questions

Have you ever wondered why some people are such good conversationalists? It isn't because they talk a lot — quite the opposite. The secret, don't you think, lies in the questions they ask.

A good question shows interest. "What made you choose that?" invites a story. "How did that feel?" invites emotion. Notice that these aren't yes-or-no questions, are they? They're open.

Even small "echo" questions — "Oh, did you?", "Really?" — keep a conversation alive. They tell the speaker: I'm listening. Isn't that what we all want?

So next time you meet someone, don't ask "What do you do?" and stop there. Ask why, ask how, ask what if. Who knows what you might learn?

Topshiriq: Matndan inkor savol, question tag va echo savolni toping.

7. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar (L1 transfer)

Asosiy tuzoqlar (4 ta): (1) ega savolida do/did yo'q (Who came?); (2) tag fe'lga va inkor/ijobiyga moslashadi (aren't I); (3) bilvosita savolda darak tartibi (do siz); (4) inkor savol javobi faktga qarab (Yes=ha, No=yo'q).

8. Chuqur tahlil — qo'shimcha faktlar va nozikliklar

B2 dan C1 ga ko'prik.

(a) Predlog savolda — oxirda (stranding). What are you looking at? / Who did you go with? / Where are you from? — norasmiy ingliz tilida predlog gap oxirida. Rasmiy: At what are you looking? (eski/g'alati). Zamonaviy — stranding normal.

(b) "How come?" — darak tartibi. How come you're late? (= Why are you late? lekin darak tartibi: how come + ega + fe'l, do siz). Norasmiy, hayrat tusi bilan.

(c) Rhetorical questions — javob kutmaydi. Who cares? / What's the point? / Why bother? / Are you kidding? — bu savollar javob talab qilmaydi, fikr/his bildiradi. Who knows? = "kim biladi" (hech kim).

(d) Negative tag intonation = ma'no. You're coming, aren't you? (tushuvchi — "ishonchim komil, shunday-a") vs (ko'tariluvchi — "rostdan kelasizmi? bilmayman"). Ohang ishonch darajasini ko'rsatadi.

(e) "Question word + exactly/on earth". What exactly do you mean? / Where on earth have you been? / Who on earth is that? — exactly aniqlik so'raydi; on earth/the hell (norasmiy) hayrat/g'azab qo'shadi.

(f) Echo savol — to'liq takror (hayrat). "I'm moving to Mars." — "You're moving WHERE?" — so'roq so'zini gap oxirida urg'u bilan takrorlash = kuchli hayrat. (Wh-in-situ.)

(g) "whether vs if" savolda. Bilvosita savolda ikkalasi (I wonder if/whether he'll come), lekin whether + to-infinitive (whether to go), or not bilan (whether or not), va rasmiyda whether afzal.

(h) Tag — modal va perfect bilan. You can swim, can't you? / She's left, hasn't she? / They'd agree, wouldn't they? — tag asosiy gapdagi yordamchini takrorlaydi (cancan't, hashasn't, wouldwouldn't).

(i) "I think/suppose..." bilan — tag bosh gapga emas, ergash gapga qarab. "I don't think he'll come, will he?" — inkor bosh gapda (I don't think) bo'lsa ham, tag ergash gap ("he'll come")ga moslashadi va uni "inkor" deb hisoblaydi (transferred negation). Solishtiring: "I suppose you're joking, aren't you?" Bu — B2/C1 uchun nozik, ko'pchilik chalkashtiradigan holat.

(j) Ega savolida fe'l HAR DOIM birlikda. Who wants coffee? — javob "hamma xohlaydi" bo'lsa ham, so'roq so'zi (who/what) ega bo'lganda fe'l birlik shaklda turadi (wants, is, has), chunki miqdor oldindan noma'lum. Xuddi shu: What is in the box? / Who has finished?

C1 ko'prik: savol nozikliklari (echo, tag ohangi, rhetorical, yumshatish) — tabiiy, faol suhbatning belgisi. IELTS Speaking'da xilma-xil savol berish, tinglayotganini ko'rsatish (echo) — band 7-8 ravonlik belgisi.

9. Mashqlar (drills) + tinglab-yozish

A. Ega yoki to'ldiruvchi savoli? To'g'ri savol tuzing:

1. Someone broke the window. ___ broke the window?
2. You saw someone. Who ___ ?
3. Something happened. What ___ ?
4. He invited some people. Who ___ ?

B. Question tag qo'shing:

1. It's a lovely day, ___?
2. You won't be late, ___?
3. Let's start, ___?
4. I'm next, ___?
5. Nobody called, ___?

C. To'g'ridan-to'g'ri savolni bilvositaga aylantiring:

1. Where does she live? Do you know ___?
2. What time is it? Could you tell me ___?
3. Did he call? I wonder ___.

D. Xatoni tuzating:

1. What did happen yesterday?
2. You're tired, isn't it?
3. Could you tell me where is the bank?
4. I'm right, amn't I?

E. Tarjima (o'zbekcha inglizcha):

1. Bu derazani kim sindirdi?
2. Siz go'zalsiz, shunday emasmi?
3. U qayerda yashashini bilasizmi?

10. Amaliy topshiriq (Wisar AI bilan)

Maqsad: xilma-xil savol turlarini real, jonli suhbatda ishlatish.

Vazifa — rol o'yini: Biz endigina tanishyapmiz (masalan, tadbirda). Men o'zim haqimda bir narsa aytaman, siz esa qiziqish bildirib, savollar berib suhbatni davom ettiring. Masalan, men: "I've just moved here from Canada." Siz: "Oh, have you? Whereabouts in Canada? What made you move? It must be cold there, isn't it?"

Kamida 6 savol bering, va ulardan quyidagilar bo'lsin:

• 1 ta echo savol (Oh, did you? / Have you?)
• 1 ta question tag (..., isn't it? / ..., don't you?)
• 1 ta inkor savol (Don't you...? / Isn't it...?)
• 1 ta ega savoli (Who...? / What...? — do siz)
• 1 ta ochiq wh-savol (Why/How/What...?)
• 1 ta bilvosita/yumshatilgan (Can I ask...? / Do you mind if...?)

"Tayyor" mezonlari: (1) 6 savol turi; (2) ega savolida do yo'q; (3) tag fe'lga to'g'ri moslashgan; (4) savollar tabiiy va qiziquvchan (yodlangan emas); (5) suhbatni davom ettiradi (yopiq emas).

Men javob beraman va savollaringizdagi xatolarni (so'z tartibi, tag, do) sababi bilan tushuntiraman.

11. Javoblar kaliti

A: 1. Who broke the window? · 2. Who did you see? · 3. What happened? · 4. Who did he invite?

B: 1. isn't it? · 2. will you? · 3. shall we? · 4. aren't I? · 5. did they?

C: 1. ...where she lives? · 2. ...what time it is? · 3. ...if/whether he called.

D: 1. What happened yesterday? · 2. ...aren't you? · 3. ...where the bank is? · 4. ...aren't I?

E: 1. Who broke the window? · 2. You're beautiful, aren't you? · 3. Do you know where she lives? (savol tartibi emas, darak tartibi!)

Tez ma'lumotnoma

EGA savoli (who/what = ega):  DO/DID YO'Q · Who called? What happened?
TO'LDIRUVCHI savoli (= obyekt): DO/DID kerak · Who did you call?

INKOR SAVOL: Don't you...? Isn't it...?  rozilik/hayrat/taklif
  javob FAKTga: yoqsa Yes, yoqmasa No

QUESTION TAGS: ijobiyinkor · I'm  aren't I? · Let's  shall we?
  imperative  will you? · There's  isn't there? · negative gap  ijobiy tag

ECHO: "I won." — "Did you?!" (yordamchi takrori — qiziqish)
BILVOSITA: Could you tell me where it IS? (darak tartibi, do siz)
WH + TO-INF: I don't know what to do. (why bilan emas)

 ega savolida do yo'q · predlog oxirda (What...at?) · whether+to

Bog'lanish

• Oldingi: A1-15/16 (savol asoslari), B1-24 (tags), B1-25 (indirect questions).
• Keyingi: B2-38 (Quantity, approximation & generalization).
• Aloqador: B2-29 (inversion), B2-16 (reported questions).

Manba

Swan Practical English Usage (questions, question tags); Murphy English Grammar in Use (Units 49–52); Cambridge B2/C1; Oxford Practical English Usage.