LUG'AT · A1 — 1-partiya: funksional so'zlar + eng muhim fe'llar
A1 · chastota bo'yicha (eng ko'p ishlatiladigan) · ~130 birlik Legend: T = turkum · = diqqat/soxta do'st · register "Eslatma"da
1. Aniqlovchilar, olmoshlar (eng yuqori chastota)
| Inglizcha | IPA | T | O'zbekcha | Misol | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the | /ðə, ði/ | det | (aniq artikl) | the sun | unli oldidan "ði" |
| a / an | /ə, ən/ | det | bir (noaniq) | a book, an apple | an + unli tovush |
| this | /ðɪs/ | det/pron | bu | this book | yaqin, birlik |
| that | /ðæt/ | det/pron | u, ana u | that man | uzoq, birlik |
| these | /ðiːz/ | det/pron | bular | these cars | yaqin, ko'plik |
| those | /ðəʊz/ | det/pron | ular (anavilar) | those people | uzoq, ko'plik |
| I | /aɪ/ | pron | men | I know | doim katta harf |
| you | /juː/ | pron | sen, siz | you are | birlik+ko'plik |
| he / she / it | /hiː, ʃiː, ɪt/ | pron | u (erkak/ayol/jonsiz) | he works | jinsga qarab |
| we / they | /wiː, ðeɪ/ | pron | biz / ular | they came | — |
| me / him / her | /miː, hɪm, hɜː/ | pron | meni / uni | call me | object shakli |
| us / them | /ʌs, ðem/ | pron | bizni / ularni | help them | object shakli |
| my / your | /maɪ, jɔː/ | det | mening / sening | my name | egalik |
| his / her / its | /hɪz, hɜː, ɪts/ | det | uning | her bag | its ≠ it's |
| our / their | /aʊə, ðeə/ | det | bizning / ularning | our house | egalik |
| who | /huː/ | pron | kim | Who is it? | odam |
| what | /wɒt/ | pron | nima | What is this? | narsa |
| which | /wɪtʃ/ | pron | qaysi | Which one? | tanlov |
| someone / something | /ˈsʌmwʌn/ | pron | kimdir / nimadir | someone called | ijobiy |
| anyone / anything | /ˈeniwʌn/ | pron | kimdir / hech narsa | anything else? | savol/inkor |
| everyone / everything | /ˈevriwʌn/ | pron | hamma / hammasi | everyone knows | birlik fe'l |
| no one / nothing | /ˈnəʊwʌn/ | pron | hech kim / hech narsa | nothing happened | inkor ma'no |
2. Yordamchi va modal fe'llar
| Inglizcha | IPA | T | O'zbekcha | Misol | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| be (am/is/are) | /biː/ | v | bo'lmoq | I am here | eng muhim fe'l |
| was / were | /wɒz, wɜː/ | v | edi | she was tired | be ning o'tmishi |
| have / has | /hæv, hæz/ | v | ega bo'lmoq | I have a car | + got (BrE) |
| had | /hæd/ | v | ega edi | they had time | have o'tmishi |
| do / does | /duː, dʌz/ | v | qilmoq | Do you know? | yordamchi+fe'l |
| did | /dɪd/ | v | qildi | Did you go? | o'tmish yordamchi |
| can | /kæn/ | v | -a olmoq | I can swim | qobiliyat |
| could | /kʊd/ | v | -a olardim | Could you help? | muloyim/o'tmish |
| will | /wɪl/ | v | -aman (kelajak) | I will go | 'll |
| would | /wʊd/ | v | -ardim | I would like | 'd |
| should | /ʃʊd/ | v | -shi kerak | you should rest | maslahat |
| must | /mʌst/ | v | -shi shart | I must go | majburiyat |
| may / might | /meɪ, maɪt/ | v | -shi mumkin | it may rain | ehtimol |
| shall | /ʃæl/ | v | -aymi | Shall we go? | taklif (BrE) |
3. Eng muhim fe'llar (top — kundalik harakatlar)
| Inglizcha | IPA | T | O'zbekcha | Misol | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| go | /ɡəʊ/ | v | bormoq | go home | went, gone |
| get | /ɡet/ | v | olmoq, bo'lmoq | get a job | got; ko'p ma'no |
| make | /meɪk/ | v | yasamoq, qilmoq | make a cake | made; make a decision |
| do | /duː/ | v | qilmoq | do homework | make≠do |
| have | /hæv/ | v | ega bo'lmoq | have lunch | have a shower |
| say | /seɪ/ | v | aytmoq | say sorry | said; say≠tell |
| tell | /tel/ | v | aytib bermoq | tell me | told; tell sb sth |
| know | /nəʊ/ | v | bilmoq | I know that | knew, known |
| think | /θɪŋk/ | v | o'ylamoq | I think so | thought; think about |
| see | /siː/ | v | ko'rmoq | I see you | saw, seen |
| want | /wɒnt/ | v | xohlamoq | I want to go | + to + V1 |
| look | /lʊk/ | v | qaramoq | look at me | look at/for/after |
| use | /juːz/ | v | ishlatmoq | use a pen | n: /juːs/ |
| find | /faɪnd/ | v | topmoq | find a job | found, found |
| give | /ɡɪv/ | v | bermoq | give me | gave, given |
| work | /wɜːk/ | v / n | ishlamoq / ish | work hard | + at/on |
| call | /kɔːl/ | v | chaqirmoq, qo'ng'iroq | call me | call back |
| try | /traɪ/ | v | urinmoq | try again | + to V1 / -ing |
| ask | /ɑːsk/ | v | so'ramoq | ask a question | ask for |
| need | /niːd/ | v | kerak bo'lmoq | I need help | + to V1 |
| feel | /fiːl/ | v | his qilmoq | feel tired | felt; + sifat |
| become | /bɪˈkʌm/ | v | -ga aylanmoq | become rich | became, become |
| leave | /liːv/ | v | ketmoq, qoldirmoq | leave home | left, left |
| put | /pʊt/ | v | qo'ymoq | put it here | put, put |
| mean | /miːn/ | v | anglatmoq | What do you mean? | meant |
| keep | /kiːp/ | v | saqlamoq, davom etmoq | keep going | kept; keep + -ing |
| let | /let/ | v | ruxsat bermoq | let me see | let; let sb do |
| begin / start | /bɪˈɡɪn, stɑːt/ | v | boshlamoq | start work | began; + to/-ing |
| seem | /siːm/ | v | -ga o'xshamoq | you seem happy | + sifat |
| help | /help/ | v | yordam bermoq | help me | help sb (to) do |
| show | /ʃəʊ/ | v | ko'rsatmoq | show me | showed, shown |
| hear | /hɪə/ | v | eshitmoq | I hear you | heard; hear≠listen |
| play | /pleɪ/ | v | o'ynamoq | play football | + the piano |
| run | /rʌn/ | v | yugurmoq | run fast | ran, run |
| move | /muːv/ | v | harakatlanmoq | move here | + house |
| live | /lɪv/ | v | yashamoq | live in | adj: /laɪv/ |
| believe | /bɪˈliːv/ | v | ishonmoq | I believe you | believe in |
| bring | /brɪŋ/ | v | olib kelmoq | bring it | brought |
| happen | /ˈhæpən/ | v | sodir bo'lmoq | What happened? | — |
| write | /raɪt/ | v | yozmoq | write a letter | wrote, written |
| sit | /sɪt/ | v | o'tirmoq | sit down | sat, sat |
| stand | /stænd/ | v | turmoq | stand up | stood |
| lose | /luːz/ | v | yo'qotmoq | lose keys | lost; lose≠loose |
| pay | /peɪ/ | v | to'lamoq | pay for | paid; pay for |
| meet | /miːt/ | v | uchrashmoq | meet friends | met |
| set | /set/ | v | o'rnatmoq | set a goal | set, set |
| learn | /lɜːn/ | v | o'rganmoq | learn English | learnt/learned |
| change | /tʃeɪndʒ/ | v / n | o'zgartirmoq / o'zgarish | change plans | + into |
| understand | /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ | v | tushunmoq | I understand | understood |
| watch | /wɒtʃ/ | v | tomosha qilmoq | watch TV | n: soat |
| follow | /ˈfɒləʊ/ | v | ergashmoq | follow me | + rules |
| stop | /stɒp/ | v | to'xtamoq | stop here | + -ing/to (farq!) |
| speak | /spiːk/ | v | gapirmoq | speak English | spoke, spoken |
| read | /riːd/ | v | o'qimoq | read a book | o'tmish /red/ |
| spend | /spend/ | v | sarflamoq | spend time/money | spent |
| eat | /iːt/ | v | yemoq | eat lunch | ate, eaten |
| drink | /drɪŋk/ | v | ichmoq | drink water | drank, drunk |
| sleep | /sliːp/ | v | uxlamoq | sleep well | slept |
| open / close | /ˈəʊpən, kləʊz/ | v | ochmoq / yopmoq | open the door | adj ham |
| buy / sell | /baɪ, sel/ | v | sotib olmoq / sotmoq | buy food | bought / sold |
| come | /kʌm/ | v | kelmoq | come here | came, come |
| take | /teɪk/ | v | olmoq | take a bus | took, taken; take a photo |
4. Predloglar, bog'lovchilar, ravishlar (yuqori chastota)
| Inglizcha | IPA | T | O'zbekcha | Misol | Eslatma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in / on / at | /ɪn, ɒn, æt/ | prep | -da (joy/vaqt) | in the room | qoidaga qarab |
| to | /tuː, tə/ | prep | -ga | go to school | zaif "tə" |
| of | /ɒv, əv/ | prep | -ning | a cup of tea | zaif "əv" |
| for | /fɔː, fə/ | prep | uchun | for you | zaif "fə" |
| with / without | /wɪð/ | prep | bilan / -siz | with me | — |
| from | /frɒm/ | prep | -dan | from home | I'm from |
| by | /baɪ/ | prep | tomonidan, yonida | by bus | passive: by |
| about | /əˈbaʊt/ | prep | haqida | talk about it | + taxminan |
| over / under | /ˈəʊvə, ˈʌndə/ | prep | ustida / ostida | over there | — |
| between | /bɪˈtwiːn/ | prep | orasida | between them | ikki narsa |
| and / but / or | /ænd, bʌt, ɔː/ | conj | va / lekin / yoki | you and me | — |
| because / so | /bɪˈkɒz, səʊ/ | conj | chunki / shuning uchun | because of | sabab/natija |
| if / when | /ɪf, wen/ | conj | agar / qachon | if you go | + Present |
| not | /nɒt/ | adv | -ma (inkor) | I do not know | n't |
| very | /ˈveri/ | adv | juda | very good | + sifat |
| too | /tuː/ | adv | ham, haddan ortiq | me too | too≠very |
| also / as well | /ˈɔːlsəʊ/ | adv | ham | I also went | also o'rtada |
| here / there | /hɪə, ðeə/ | adv | bu yerda / u yerda | come here | — |
| now / then | /naʊ, ðen/ | adv | hozir / keyin | right now | — |
| always / never | /ˈɔːlweɪz, ˈnevə/ | adv | doim / hech qachon | I always do | chastota |
| sometimes / often | /ˈsʌmtaɪmz, ˈɒf(t)ən/ | adv | ba'zan / ko'pincha | often late | chastota |
| really / quite | /ˈrɪəli, kwaɪt/ | adv | chindan / ancha | really nice | daraja |
| just | /dʒʌst/ | adv | endigina, faqat | I just arrived | ko'p ma'no |
| only | /ˈəʊnli/ | adv | faqat | only one | — |
| again | /əˈɡen/ | adv | yana | try again | — |
| still / yet | /stɪl, jet/ | adv | hali ham / hali | still here | — |
Mashq (mustahkamlash)
- Soxta do'st/diqqat: its (uning) ≠ it's (it is); lose (yo'qotmoq) ≠ loose (bo'sh); say ≠ tell; hear (eshitmoq, beixtiyor) ≠ listen (tinglamoq, ataylab).
- Kollokatsiya yodlang: make a decision/mistake (NOT "do"); do homework/the dishes; have a shower/lunch; take a photo/bus; pay for; look at/for/after.
- Anki: bu partiyaning hamma so'zini Anki kartochkaga ko'chiring (Inglizcha O'zbekcha + misol).
A1-1 partiya tugadi (~130 birlik). Keyingi: A1-2 — asosiy otlar (time, people, day, thing, year...).
Manba
Oxford 3000 (A1 core); Cambridge EVP A1; COCA top-frequency list; Macmillan Collocations.
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