JADVAL — So'z yasash + Imlo + Talaffuz qoidalari + Sonlar

Yodlanadigan grammatik jadvallar (3, yakuniy) · ~200 birlik

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1. Old qo'shimchalar (prefixes)

Prefiks	Ma'no	Misol
un-	inkor	unhappy, undo, unfair
in-/im-/il-/ir-	inkor	incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular
dis-	inkor / teskari	disagree, dislike, disappear
non-	-emas	nonsense, non-stop
mis-	noto'g'ri	misunderstand, mistake
re-	qayta	rewrite, return, rebuild
over-	haddan ortiq	overeat, overwork, overcome
under-	yetarsiz / ost	underestimate, underground
pre-	oldin	preview, prepare, predict
post-	keyin	postpone, postgraduate
anti-	qarshi	antibiotic, antisocial
co-	birga	cooperate, coexist
ex-	sobiq	ex-wife, ex-president
inter-	o'rtasida	international, interact
sub-	ost / kichik	submarine, subway
super-	ustun	supermarket, superman
trans-	orqali	transport, translate
auto-	o'z	automatic, autobiography
micro-/macro-	kichik / katta	microscope, macroeconomics

Inkor prefiks tanlash: im- (m/p oldidan: impossible), il- (l: illegal), ir- (r: irregular), in- (qolganlar: incorrect).

2. Keyin qo'shimchalar (suffixes) — so'z turkumini o'zgartiradi

Ot yasovchi

Suffiks	Misol	Suffiks	Misol
-tion/-sion	action, decision	-ment	movement, payment
-ness	happiness, kindness	-ity	ability, reality
-er/-or	teacher, actor	-ist	artist, scientist
-er (ish)	worker, driver	-ance/-ence	importance, difference
-ship	friendship	-hood	childhood
-dom	freedom, kingdom	-age	marriage, package

Sifat yasovchi

Suffiks	Misol	Suffiks	Misol
-ful	useful, careful	-less	useless, careless
-able/-ible	comfortable, possible	-ous	famous, dangerous
-ive	active, creative	-al	natural, musical
-ic	basic, historic	-y	sunny, rainy
-ly	friendly, lovely	-ish	childish, foolish
-ent/-ant	different, important	-ful	beautiful

Fe'l yasovchi

Suffiks	Misol	Suffiks	Misol
-ize/-ise	modernize, realize	-en	widen, strengthen
-ify	simplify, clarify	-ate	activate, create

Ravish yasovchi

| -ly | quickly, slowly, carefully (sifat + ly) |

Bitta ildizdan: care careful careless carefully carefulness.

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3. Imlo qoidalari (spelling rules)

Undosh ikkilanishi (-ing, -ed qo'shganda)

• 1 bo'g'in + 1 unli + 1 undosh undosh ikkilanadi: stopstopping, runrunning, bigbigger
• Istisno: w, x, y ikkilanmaydi (fixfixing, playplaying)
• 2 bo'g'in: urg'u oxirida bo'lsa ikkilanadi (beginbeginning); urg'u boshda bo'lsa yo'q (visitvisiting)

-y -i

• undosh + y -ies/-ied: studystudies, studystudied, happyhappier
• unli + y o'zgarmaydi: playplayed, boyboys

-e tushishi

• -e + -ing/-ed -e tushadi: makemaking, hopehoped, writewriting
• Istisno: -ee, -oe, -ye saqlanadi (seeseeing, agreeagreeing)

-ie / -ei qoidasi

• "i before e, except after c": believe, friend; LEKIN receive, ceiling (c dan keyin ei)

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4. Talaffuz qoidalari

-ed oxiri (o'tgan zamon) — 3 xil

Talaffuz	Qachon	Misol
/ɪd/	t/d dan keyin	wanted, needed, decided
/t/	jarangsiz undosh (p,k,f,s,ʃ,tʃ)	worked, stopped, watched
/d/	jarangli undosh/unli (qolgan)	played, lived, opened

-s/-es oxiri (ko'plik/3-shaxs) — 3 xil

Talaffuz	Qachon	Misol
/ɪz/	s,z,ʃ,tʃ,dʒ,x dan keyin	buses, watches, boxes
/s/	jarangsiz undosh (p,t,k,f)	books, cats, stops
/z/	jarangli undosh/unli	dogs, plays, goes

Jim harflar (silent letters)

Harf jim	Misollar
b (mb)	climb, lamb, thumb, comb, debt, doubt
k (kn)	know, knife, knee, knock
w (wr)	write, wrong, wrap, answer
l	could, would, should, walk, talk, half, calm
h	hour, honest, ghost, what, when
t	listen, castle, often, whistle
g (gn)	sign, design, foreign
p (ps)	psychology, receipt

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5. Sonlar (numbers)

Asosiy (cardinal) va tartib (ordinal)

Son	Cardinal	Ordinal
1	one	first (1st)
2	two	second (2nd)
3	three	third (3rd)
5	five	fifth (5th)
8	eight	eighth (8th)
9	nine	ninth (9th)
12	twelve	twelfth (12th)
20	twenty	twentieth (20th)
100	a/one hundred	hundredth
1000	a/one thousand	thousandth
1,000,000	a/one million	millionth

Qoida: ordinal = cardinal + th (faqat 1st/2nd/3rd va -y-ieth istisno).

Katta sonlar

• 1,000,000 = a million · 1,000,000,000 = a billion
• 21 = twenty-one (chiziqcha bilan) · 365 = three hundred and sixty-five

Kasrlar va o'nlik

• 1/2 = a half · 1/3 = a third · 1/4 = a quarter · 3/4 = three quarters
• 0.5 = (nought/zero) point five · 2.75 = two point seven five
• 50% = fifty percent

Sana (dates)

• 2024 = twenty twenty-four · 1995 = nineteen ninety-five · 2000 = two thousand
• 3rd May / May the third (BrE) · May third (AmE)

Telefon / pul

• 0 = "oh" yoki "zero" · 020 7946 = "oh two oh..."
• $5.50 = five fifty / five dollars fifty · £20 = twenty pounds

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6. Kalendar (calendar)

Hafta kunlari (bosh harf bilan!)

| Monday · Tuesday · Wednesday · Thursday · Friday · Saturday · Sunday |

Oylar (bosh harf bilan!)

| January · February · March · April · May · June | | July · August · September · October · November · December |

Fasllar

| spring (bahor) · summer (yoz) · autumn/fall (kuz) · winter (qish) |

Predloglar (vaqt)

• at: at 5 o'clock, at night, at the weekend, at Christmas
• on: on Monday, on May 3rd, on my birthday
• in: in May, in 2024, in summer, in the morning

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Grammatik jadvallar (3) tugadi (~200 birlik).

YODLANADIGAN JADVALLAR TUGADI (4 fayl)

Notog'ri fe'llar (190) + ko'plik/predlog/gerund (230) + zamon/modal (150) + so'z yasash/imlo/son (200) = ~770 birlik/qoida. Keyingi: Eksport — butun lug'atni Anki TSV + qidiruvli HTML ga.

Manba

Murphy "English Grammar in Use"; Oxford spelling/pronunciation rules; Cambridge word-formation.