LUG'AT · C2 — 3-partiya: eng ilg'or sifat va ravishlar
C2 · nozik, adabiy, sofistikatsiyalangan sifatlar/ravishlar · ~145 birlik
1. Xarakter — aql-zakovat, bilim, notiqlik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| perspicacious |
/ˌpɜːspɪˈkeɪʃəs/ |
adj |
o'tkir zehnli, ziyrak |
a perspicacious critic |
kitobiy |
| erudite |
/ˈerʊdaɪt/ |
adj |
bilimdon, alloma |
an erudite scholar |
kitobiy |
| urbane |
/ɜːˈbeɪn/ |
adj |
madaniyatli, silliq muomalali |
— |
ijobiy |
| consummate |
/ˈkɒnsəmət/ |
adj |
mukammal, ustama mahoratli |
a consummate professional |
rasmiy |
| incisive / perceptive |
/ɪnˈsaɪsɪv, pəˈseptɪv/ |
adj |
o'tkir, teran mushohadali |
an incisive analysis |
— |
| trenchant |
/ˈtrentʃənt/ |
adj |
o'tkir, keskin (fikr, tanqid) |
trenchant criticism |
kitobiy |
| pithy |
/ˈpɪθi/ |
adj |
mag'zli, lo'nda, ta'sirli |
a pithy remark |
— |
| loquacious / garrulous |
/ləˈkweɪʃəs, ˈɡærələs/ |
adj |
sergap, ezma |
— |
kitobiy |
| voluble |
/ˈvɒljəbl/ |
adj |
ravon va tez gapiruvchi |
— |
kitobiy |
| glib |
/ɡlɪb/ |
adj |
til uchida, yuzaki-ravon |
a glib answer |
salbiy |
| sardonic |
/sɑːˈdɒnɪk/ |
adj |
achchiq-kesatuvchi, istehzoli |
a sardonic smile |
— |
| acerbic / caustic |
/əˈsɜːbɪk, ˈkɔːstɪk/ |
adj |
achchiq, zaharxanda (til) |
— |
— |
2. Xarakter — qat'iyat, o'jarlik, buyruqbozlik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| intransigent |
/ɪnˈtrænzɪdʒənt/ |
adj |
murosasiz, chekinmas |
— |
rasmiy |
| obdurate |
/ˈɒbdjərət/ |
adj |
qaysar, ko'nmas |
— |
kitobiy |
| recalcitrant |
/rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/ |
adj |
bo'ysunmas, itoatsiz |
— |
rasmiy |
| obstinate / headstrong |
/ˈɒbstɪnət, ˈhedstrɒŋ/ |
adj |
o'jar, gap uqmas |
— |
— |
| dogged |
/ˈdɒɡɪd/ |
adj |
qat'iyatli, tinim bilmas |
dogged determination |
— |
| indefatigable |
/ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl/ |
adj |
charchamas, tolmas |
— |
kitobiy |
| staunch / stalwart |
/stɔːntʃ, ˈstɔːlwət/ |
adj |
qat'iy sodiq, mustahkam |
a staunch supporter |
— |
| imperious |
/ɪmˈpɪəriəs/ |
adj |
buyruqbozlik qiluvchi, hukmron |
an imperious tone |
kitobiy |
| overbearing / domineering |
/ˌəʊvəˈbeərɪŋ, ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ |
adj |
zug'umchi, bosim o'tkazuvchi |
— |
— |
| peremptory |
/pəˈremptəri/ |
adj |
e'tirozga o'rin qoldirmas, keskin |
a peremptory order |
rasmiy |
| dogmatic |
/dɒɡˈmætɪk/ |
adj |
aqidaparast, fikriga qattiq |
— |
— |
| opinionated |
/əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd/ |
adj |
o'z fikriga qat'iy yopishgan |
— |
salbiy |
| overweening |
/ˌəʊvəˈwiːnɪŋ/ |
adj |
haddan oshgan takabbur |
overweening pride |
adabiy |
3. Xarakter — muomala, mijoz, tabiat
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| ebullient |
/ɪˈbʊliənt/ |
adj |
jo'shqin, quvnoq-tug'yonli |
— |
— |
| effervescent |
/ˌefəˈvesnt/ |
adj |
jonli, shodon, yorqin |
— |
— |
| vivacious |
/vɪˈveɪʃəs/ |
adj |
jonli, quvnoq (odam) |
— |
— |
| convivial |
/kənˈvɪviəl/ |
adj |
xushchaqchaq, davrabop |
a convivial atmosphere |
kitobiy |
| phlegmatic |
/fleɡˈmætɪk/ |
adj |
vazmin, sovuqqon |
— |
— |
| imperturbable / unflappable |
/ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbl, ʌnˈflæpəbl/ |
adj |
bezovtalanmas, hovliqmas |
— |
— |
| unassuming / unpretentious |
/ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ, ˌʌnprɪˈtenʃəs/ |
adj |
kamtar, dabdabasiz |
— |
ijobiy |
| deferential |
/ˌdefəˈrenʃl/ |
adj |
hurmat bilan bo'ysunuvchi |
— |
rasmiy |
| unctuous |
/ˈʌŋktʃuəs/ |
adj |
soxta xushomadgo'y, yog'day silliq |
— |
salbiy |
| sycophantic / fawning |
/ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk, ˈfɔːnɪŋ/ |
adj |
laganbardor, yaltoqi |
— |
salbiy |
| capricious / mercurial |
/kəˈprɪʃəs, mɜːˈkjʊəriəl/ |
adj |
injiq, o'zgaruvchan (kayfiyat) |
— |
— |
| churlish / boorish |
/ˈtʃɜːlɪʃ, ˈbɔːrɪʃ/ |
adj |
qo'pol, tarbiyasiz |
— |
— |
4. His — quvonch, umid, ko'tarinki ruh
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| euphoric |
/juːˈfɒrɪk/ |
adj |
hayajonli-baxtli, mast |
— |
— |
| elated |
/iˈleɪtɪd/ |
adj |
sevinchdan uchgan |
— |
— |
| jubilant |
/ˈdʒuːbɪlənt/ |
adj |
shodon, tantanavor |
a jubilant crowd |
— |
| exultant |
/ɪɡˈzʌltənt/ |
adj |
g'olibona quvnoq |
— |
kitobiy |
| rapturous |
/ˈræptʃərəs/ |
adj |
zavq-shavqli, jazavali |
rapturous applause |
— |
| buoyant |
/ˈbɔɪənt/ |
adj |
ko'tarinki, tetik |
— |
— |
| sanguine |
/ˈsæŋɡwɪn/ |
adj |
umidvor, xushbin |
sanguine about |
rasmiy |
| blithe |
/blaɪð/ |
adj |
beg'am, quvnoq-loqayd |
— |
adabiy |
5. His — qayg'u, pushaymon, umidsizlik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| crestfallen |
/ˈkrestfɔːlən/ |
adj |
umidsizlangan, boshi egik |
— |
— |
| disconsolate |
/dɪsˈkɒnsələt/ |
adj |
taskinsiz, tushkun |
— |
kitobiy |
| inconsolable |
/ˌɪnkənˈsəʊləbl/ |
adj |
yupatib bo'lmas |
— |
— |
| doleful / lugubrious |
/ˈdəʊlfl, ləˈɡuːbriəs/ |
adj |
g'amgin, ma'yus |
— |
adabiy |
| plaintive |
/ˈpleɪntɪv/ |
adj |
nolakor, dardli (ovoz) |
a plaintive cry |
— |
| rueful |
/ˈruːfl/ |
adj |
afsuslanuvchi, pushaymonli |
a rueful smile |
— |
| contrite / penitent |
/ˈkɒntraɪt, ˈpenɪtənt/ |
adj |
chin dildan pushaymon |
— |
rasmiy |
| remorseful |
/rɪˈmɔːsfl/ |
adj |
vijdon azobidagi, pushaymon |
— |
— |
| dejected / disheartened |
/dɪˈdʒektɪd, ˌdɪsˈhɑːtnd/ |
adj |
ruhi tushgan, ruhsizlangan |
— |
— |
| disillusioned / disenchanted |
/ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒnd, ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːntɪd/ |
adj |
hafsalasi pir bo'lgan |
— |
— |
6. His — g'azab, tashvish, sarosima
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| indignant |
/ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/ |
adj |
haqli g'azablangan, ranjigan |
— |
— |
| irate / incensed |
/aɪˈreɪt, ɪnˈsenst/ |
adj |
juda g'azablangan |
— |
— |
| livid |
/ˈlɪvɪd/ |
adj |
qip-qizil g'azabli, quturgan |
— |
— |
| resentful / rancorous |
/rɪˈzentfl, ˈræŋkərəs/ |
adj |
ranjigan, kek saqlovchi |
— |
rancorous: kitobiy |
| apprehensive |
/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/ |
adj |
xavotirli, hadikli |
apprehensive about |
— |
| perturbed / disquieted |
/pəˈtɜːbd, dɪsˈkwaɪətɪd/ |
adj |
bezovta, xotirjamligi buzilgan |
— |
rasmiy |
| flustered |
/ˈflʌstəd/ |
adj |
dovdiragan, sarosimada |
— |
— |
| nonplussed |
/nɒnˈplʌst/ |
adj |
garang, dovdirab qolgan |
— |
— |
| bewildered / disoriented |
/bɪˈwɪldəd, dɪsˈɔːrientɪd/ |
adj |
esankiragan, yo'lini yo'qotgan |
— |
— |
| overwrought |
/ˌəʊvəˈrɔːt/ |
adj |
asabi buzilgan, haddan hayajonlangan |
— |
kitobiy |
| fraught |
/frɔːt/ |
adj |
tashvishli, keskin (vaziyat) |
fraught with |
— |
7. Sifat baholash — a'lo va past daraja
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| exemplary |
/ɪɡˈzempləri/ |
adj |
namunali, ibratli |
— |
rasmiy |
| peerless / unrivalled |
/ˈpɪələs, ʌnˈraɪvld/ |
adj |
tengsiz, raqibsiz |
— |
AmE: unrivaled |
| superlative |
/suːˈpɜːlətɪv/ |
adj |
eng oliy, a'lo darajali |
— |
rasmiy |
| prodigious |
/prəˈdɪdʒəs/ |
adj |
ulkan, hayratomuz |
prodigious talent |
— |
| illustrious |
/ɪˈlʌstriəs/ |
adj |
shonli, mashhur |
an illustrious career |
kitobiy |
| transcendent |
/trænˈsendənt/ |
adj |
oshib ketuvchi, oliy |
— |
kitobiy |
| lacklustre |
/ˈlæklʌstə/ |
adj |
jonsiz, xira, sust |
a lacklustre performance |
AmE: lackluster |
| pedestrian / prosaic |
/pəˈdestriən, prəˈzeɪɪk/ |
adj |
jo'n, quruq, oddiy |
— |
— |
| banal / trite / hackneyed |
/bəˈnɑːl, traɪt, ˈhæknid/ |
adj |
siyqasi chiqqan, o'tmaslashgan |
a trite phrase |
— |
| insipid / vapid |
/ɪnˈsɪpɪd, ˈvæpɪd/ |
adj |
bemaza, mazmunsiz |
— |
— |
| lamentable / deplorable |
/ˈlæməntəbl, dɪˈplɔːrəbl/ |
adj |
achinarli, qoralanadigan |
— |
rasmiy |
| abysmal / atrocious |
/əˈbɪzml, əˈtrəʊʃəs/ |
adj |
o'ta yomon, dahshatli |
— |
— |
| perfunctory / cursory |
/pəˈfʌŋktəri, ˈkɜːsəri/ |
adj |
yuzaki, shoshilinch |
a cursory glance |
rasmiy |
8. Miqdor va daraja
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| copious / profuse |
/ˈkəʊpiəs, prəˈfjuːs/ |
adj |
mo'l-ko'l, serob |
copious notes |
— |
| bountiful |
/ˈbaʊntɪfl/ |
adj |
serhosil, saxovatli |
— |
adabiy |
| prolific |
/prəˈlɪfɪk/ |
adj |
sermahsul, unumdor |
a prolific writer |
— |
| inexhaustible / boundless |
/ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbl, ˈbaʊndləs/ |
adj |
tuganmas, cheksiz |
— |
— |
| myriad |
/ˈmɪriəd/ |
adj |
son-sanoqsiz |
a myriad of stars |
kitobiy |
| manifold / multifarious |
/ˈmænɪfəʊld, ˌmʌltɪˈfeəriəs/ |
adj |
turli-tuman, ko'p qirrali |
— |
kitobiy |
| innumerable / untold |
/ɪˈnjuːmərəbl, ʌnˈtəʊld/ |
adj |
sanoqsiz, behisob |
— |
— |
| exorbitant / extortionate |
/ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt, ɪkˈstɔːʃənət/ |
adj |
haddan tashqari qimmat |
exorbitant prices |
— |
| inordinate |
/ɪˈnɔːdɪnət/ |
adj |
haddan ziyod, o'lchovsiz |
an inordinate amount |
rasmiy |
| colossal / gargantuan |
/kəˈlɒsl, ɡɑːˈɡæntjuən/ |
adj |
ulkan, bahaybat |
— |
— |
| infinitesimal / minuscule |
/ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪml, ˈmɪnəskjuːl/ |
adj |
behad kichik, mayda |
— |
— |
| commensurate |
/kəˈmenʃərət/ |
adj |
mos, muvofiq (darajada) |
commensurate with |
rasmiy |
| tantamount |
/ˈtæntəmaʊnt/ |
adj |
teng, barobar (ma'noda) |
tantamount to treason |
rasmiy |
9. Holat — beqarorlik, o'zgaruvchanlik, doimiylik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| tenuous |
/ˈtenjuəs/ |
adj |
zaif, ipday ingichka (aloqa) |
a tenuous link |
— |
| tentative |
/ˈtentətɪv/ |
adj |
dastlabki, ehtiyotkor |
a tentative offer |
— |
| precarious |
/prɪˈkeəriəs/ |
adj |
beqaror, xatarli holat |
a precarious position |
— |
| untenable |
/ʌnˈtenəbl/ |
adj |
himoya qilib/turib bo'lmas |
an untenable position |
rasmiy |
| viable / tenable |
/ˈvaɪəbl, ˈtenəbl/ |
adj |
hayotiy, asosli |
a viable option |
— |
| contentious / vexed |
/kənˈtenʃəs, vekst/ |
adj |
bahsli, nizoli |
a contentious issue |
— |
| divisive |
/dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ |
adj |
nifoq soluvchi, bo'luvchi |
— |
— |
| inviolable / sacrosanct |
/ɪnˈvaɪələbl, ˈsækrəʊsæŋkt/ |
adj |
daxlsiz, muqaddas |
— |
kitobiy |
| indelible |
/ɪnˈdeləbl/ |
adj |
o'chmas, o'chirib bo'lmas |
an indelible mark |
— |
| irrevocable / irreversible |
/ɪˈrevəkəbl, ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/ |
adj |
qaytarib bo'lmas |
an irrevocable decision |
rasmiy |
| incorrigible / inveterate |
/ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒəbl, ɪnˈvetərət/ |
adj |
tuzalmas, ashaddiy |
an inveterate liar |
— |
| ingrained / entrenched |
/ɪnˈɡreɪnd, ɪnˈtrentʃt/ |
adj |
chuqur ildiz otgan, o'rnashgan |
deeply ingrained |
— |
10. Mavhumlik, o'tkinchilik, muhimlik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| ephemeral / transient |
/ɪˈfemərəl, ˈtrænziənt/ |
adj |
o'tkinchi, vaqtinchalik |
— |
adabiy |
| transitory / fleeting |
/ˈtrænzɪtəri, ˈfliːtɪŋ/ |
adj |
vaqtinchalik, bir lahzalik |
a fleeting moment |
— |
| perennial |
/pəˈreniəl/ |
adj |
doimiy, muttasil |
a perennial problem |
— |
| elusive |
/iˈluːsɪv/ |
adj |
ilg'ab/ushlab bo'lmas |
an elusive goal |
— |
| tangible / intangible |
/ˈtændʒəbl, ɪnˈtændʒəbl/ |
adj |
qo'l bilan ushlanadigan / mavhum |
tangible results |
— |
| ineffable |
/ɪnˈefəbl/ |
adj |
so'z bilan ifodalab bo'lmas |
— |
adabiy |
| illusory |
/ɪˈluːsəri/ |
adj |
aldamchi, xayoliy |
— |
rasmiy |
| putative |
/ˈpjuːtətɪv/ |
adj |
taxmin qilingan, deb hisoblangan |
the putative author |
rasmiy |
| quixotic |
/kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/ |
adj |
xayolparast, amalga oshmas |
— |
kitobiy |
| inherent / intrinsic |
/ɪnˈherənt, ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk/ |
adj |
ajralmas, ichki mohiyatli |
inherent in |
— |
| inevitable |
/ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ |
adj |
muqarrar, muqobili yo'q |
— |
— |
| prevalent |
/ˈprevələnt/ |
adj |
keng tarqalgan, hukmron |
— |
— |
| sporadic |
/spəˈrædɪk/ |
adj |
vaqti-vaqtida, uzuq-yuluq |
sporadic outbreaks |
— |
11. Izchillik, mantiq, chuqurlik
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| coherent / cohesive |
/kəʊˈhɪərənt, kəʊˈhiːsɪv/ |
adj |
izchil, jipslashgan |
a coherent argument |
— |
| pertinent / apposite |
/ˈpɜːtɪnənt, ˈæpəzɪt/ |
adj |
o'rinli, aloqador |
pertinent to |
apposite: kitobiy |
| salient |
/ˈseɪliənt/ |
adj |
bo'rtib turgan, muhim |
the salient points |
— |
| redundant |
/rɪˈdʌndənt/ |
adj |
ortiqcha, keraksiz takror |
— |
— |
| convoluted / circuitous |
/ˈkɒnvəluːtɪd, sɜːˈkjuːɪtəs/ |
adj |
chigal, aylanma |
a convoluted plot |
— |
| tortuous |
/ˈtɔːtʃuəs/ |
adj |
buralib ketgan, murakkab |
— |
≠ torturous |
| profound |
/prəˈfaʊnd/ |
adj |
chuqur, teran |
a profound impact |
— |
| superficial |
/ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl/ |
adj |
yuzaki, sayoz |
— |
— |
| nuanced |
/ˈnjuːɑːnst/ |
adj |
nozik farqli, pardali |
a nuanced view |
— |
| cynical |
/ˈsɪnɪkl/ |
adj |
kinoyali, ishonchsiz |
— |
— |
| pragmatic |
/præɡˈmætɪk/ |
adj |
amaliy, real |
a pragmatic approach |
— |
| ambivalent |
/æmˈbɪvələnt/ |
adj |
ikkilanuvchi, qarama-qarshi hissiy |
ambivalent about |
— |
| arbitrary |
/ˈɑːbɪtrəri/ |
adj |
o'zboshimcha, asossiz |
an arbitrary decision |
— |
| explicit |
/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/ |
adj |
aniq-ravshan, ochiq aytilgan |
— |
≠ implicit |
12. Ravishlar (C2 — nuance)
| Inglizcha |
IPA |
T |
O'zbekcha |
Misol |
Eslatma |
| inextricably |
/ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbli/ |
adv |
ajralmas tarzda, chambarchas |
inextricably linked |
kitobiy |
| ineluctably |
/ˌɪnɪˈlʌktəbli/ |
adv |
muqarrar, qochib bo'lmas |
— |
kitobiy |
| ostentatiously |
/ˌɒstenˈteɪʃəsli/ |
adv |
ko'z-ko'z qilib, dabdaba bilan |
— |
— |
| surreptitiously |
/ˌsʌrəpˈtɪʃəsli/ |
adv |
yashirincha, o'g'rincha |
— |
kitobiy |
| assiduously |
/əˈsɪdjuəsli/ |
adv |
tirishqoqlik bilan, jon-jahdi bilan |
— |
— |
| vociferously |
/vəˈsɪfərəsli/ |
adv |
baland ovoz bilan, qattiq |
— |
kitobiy |
| unabashedly |
/ˌʌnəˈbæʃɪdli/ |
adv |
uyalmasdan, dadil |
— |
— |
| inordinately |
/ɪˈnɔːdɪnətli/ |
adv |
haddan ziyod |
— |
rasmiy |
| egregiously |
/ɪˈɡriːdʒəsli/ |
adv |
dahshatli darajada (yomon) |
— |
rasmiy |
| perceptibly |
/pəˈseptəbli/ |
adv |
sezilarli darajada |
— |
— |
| irrevocably |
/ɪˈrevəkəbli/ |
adv |
qaytarib bo'lmas tarzda |
— |
— |
| avowedly |
/əˈvaʊɪdli/ |
adv |
ochiq tan olib, ataylab |
— |
kitobiy |
| perennially |
/pəˈreniəli/ |
adv |
doimiy, har doim |
— |
— |
| incontrovertibly |
/ˌɪnkɒntrəˈvɜːtəbli/ |
adv |
inkor etib bo'lmas tarzda |
— |
rasmiy |
C2-3 partiya tugadi (~145 sifat+ravish, C1'dagilar takrorlanmagan). Keyingi: C2-4 — eng ilg'or idiom, kollokatsiya va akademik register.
Manba
Oxford 5000 (C2 band); CPE (Proficiency) wordlist; Oxford Learner's Thesaurus (nuance/register/antonim); Longman Collocations.
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