JADVAL — 12 Zamon + Modallar + Savol so'zlari + Shartli gaplar

Yodlanadigan grammatik jadvallar (2) · ~150 birlik

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1. INGLIZ TILIDAGI 12 ZAMON (to'liq jadval)

Asos: V1=work, V2=worked, V3=worked, Ving=working

Hozirgi (Present)

Zamon	Tuzilishi	Qachon	Misol
Present Simple	V1 / V+s	odat, fakt, jadval	I work every day
Present Continuous	am/is/are + Ving	hozir, vaqtincha	I am working now
Present Perfect	have/has + V3	o'tmishhozir natija	I have worked here
Present Perfect Cont.	have/has been + Ving	yaqindan davom etgan	I have been working

O'tgan (Past)

Zamon	Tuzilishi	Qachon	Misol
Past Simple	V2	tugagan o'tmish	I worked yesterday
Past Continuous	was/were + Ving	o'tmishda davom	I was working at 8
Past Perfect	had + V3	o'tmishdan oldingi	I had worked before
Past Perfect Cont.	had been + Ving	o'tmishgacha davom	I had been working

Kelajak (Future)

Zamon	Tuzilishi	Qachon	Misol
Future Simple	will + V1	kelajak qaror/bashorat	I will work tomorrow
Future Continuous	will be + Ving	kelajakda davom	I will be working at 8
Future Perfect	will have + V3	kelajakda tugagan	I will have worked by 5
Future Perfect Cont.	will have been + Ving	kelajakkacha davom	I will have been working

2. Har zamonning vaqt so'zlari (signal words)

Zamon	Signal so'zlar
Present Simple	always, usually, often, every day, sometimes, never
Present Continuous	now, right now, at the moment, currently, today
Present Perfect	already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently
Past Simple	yesterday, ago, last week, in 2010, then
Past Continuous	while, when, at 8 o'clock (o'tmishda)
Past Perfect	before, after, by the time, already (o'tmishda)
Future Simple	tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future
Future Perfect	by, by the time, by then (kelajak)

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3. MODAL fe'llar (to'liq jadval)

Modaldan keyin har doim V1 (to'siz!): can go, must be.

Modal	Ma'nosi	Misol
can	qila olmoq / ruxsat / imkon	I can swim
could	-bilardi / muloyim iltimos	Could you help?
may	mumkin (ruxsat/ehtimol)	It may rain
might	bo'lishi mumkin (kamroq)	She might come
must	shart / aniq xulosa	You must stop
mustn't	qat'iy taqiq	You mustn't smoke
shall	taklif (I/we)	Shall we go?
should	kerak / maslahat	You should rest
ought to	kerak (=should)	You ought to go
will	kelajak / va'da	I will help
would	-bo'lardi / muloyim	I would like...
have to	majburiyat (tashqi)	I have to work
don't have to	shart emas	You don't have to come
need to	kerak	You need to rest
had better	yaxshisi (ogohlantirish)	You had better go
used to	ilgari (o'tmish odat)	I used to smoke

Modal + perfect (o'tmishga taxmin/afsus)

Shakl	Ma'no	Misol
must have + V3	aniq qilgan (xulosa)	He must have left
can't have + V3	aniq qilmagan	She can't have known
might/may have + V3	qilgan bo'lishi mumkin	They might have forgotten
should have + V3	qilishi kerak edi (qilmadi)	I should have studied
could have + V3	qila olardi (qilmadi)	You could have called
would have + V3	qilardi (shart bajarilmadi)	I would have come

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4. Savol so'zlari (question words)

So'z	O'zbekcha	Misol
what	nima	What is this?
who	kim	Who are you?
whose	kimning	Whose book?
whom	kimni (rasmiy)	Whom did you see?
which	qaysi	Which one?
where	qayerda	Where is it?
when	qachon	When do you start?
why	nega	Why not?
how	qanday	How are you?
how many	nechta (sanaladigan)	How many books?
how much	qancha (sanalmaydigan/narx)	How much is it?
how long	qancha vaqt	How long does it take?
how often	qanchalik tez-tez	How often?
how old	necha yosh	How old are you?
how far	qancha uzoq	How far is it?
what kind of	qanday tur	What kind of music?

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5. Qisqarishlar (contractions)

To'liq	Qisqa	To'liq	Qisqa
I am	I'm	is not	isn't
you are	you're	are not	aren't
he is	he's	was not	wasn't
we are	we're	were not	weren't
they are	they're	do not	don't
I have	I've	does not	doesn't
you have	you've	did not	didn't
he has	he's	have not	haven't
I will	I'll	has not	hasn't
she will	she'll	will not	won't
I would	I'd	would not	wouldn't
I had	I'd	cannot	can't
there is	there's	could not	couldn't
let us	let's	should not	shouldn't
that is	that's	must not	mustn't

I'd = I had YOKI I would (kontekstdan); he's = he is YOKI he has.

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6. Shartli gaplar (conditionals) — to'liq jadval

Tur	If-qism	Asosiy qism	Qachon	Misol
0 (fakt)	if + Present	Present	har doim rost	If you heat ice, it melts
1 (real kelajak)	if + Present	will + V1	mumkin	If it rains, I will stay
2 (noreal hozir)	if + Past	would + V1	xayoliy	If I were rich, I would travel
3 (noreal o'tmish)	if + Past Perfect	would have + V3	o'tmish afsus	If I had known, I would have come
Mixed	if + Past Perfect	would + V1	o'tmishhozir	If I had studied, I would be a doctor

if-qismda will ishlatilmaydi! (If it will rain ) Boshqa bog'lovchilar: unless (=if not), as long as, provided that, in case, even if.

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7. Passiv (be + V3) — barcha zamonlar

Zamon	Aktiv	Passiv
Present Simple	makes	is made
Present Continuous	is making	is being made
Present Perfect	has made	has been made
Past Simple	made	was made
Past Continuous	was making	was being made
Past Perfect	had made	had been made
Future Simple	will make	will be made
Modal	must make	must be made

Passiv = be (mos zamonda) + V3. Bajaruvchi muhim bo'lmasa: by-siz.

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Grammatik jadvallar (2) tugadi (~150 birlik). Keyingi: So'z yasash (prefiks/suffiks) + imlo/talaffuz qoidalari + sonlar + kalendar.

Manba

Murphy "English Grammar in Use"; Cambridge Grammar; Swan "Practical English Usage".