LUG'AT · MAXSUS — Soxta do'stlar TO'LIQ (false friends + homofon + kalka)

~200 birlik · C1-5 to'plamiga qo'shimcha Bu so'zlar/iboralar — eng ko'p xato manbai. Yaxshilab yodlang!

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1. Ruscha soxta do'stlar — kengaytma (juda muhim!)

= jiddiy/uyatli xato bo'lishi mumkin.

Inglizcha	Aslida ma'nosi	≠ Adashtirmang (ruscha)
preservative	konservant (oziq-ovqat)	≠ prezervativ (condom)
tort	huquqbuzarlik (yuridik)	≠ tort (cake)
pasta	makaron taomi	≠ pasta (tish pastasi = toothpaste)
angina	yurak stenokardiyasi	≠ angina (tonzillit = tonsillitis)
anecdote	qiziqarli hayotiy voqea	≠ anekdot (latifa = joke)
conductor	dirijyor / o'tkazgich	≠ konduktor (chiptachi = ticket collector)
baton	tayoqcha (estafeta/dirijyor)	≠ baton (uzun non = baguette)
cartoon	multfilm / karikatura	≠ karton (cardboard)
clay	loy (gil)	≠ kley (yelim = glue)
lunatic	telba, jinni	≠ lunatik (uyquda yuruvchi = sleepwalker)
replica	aniq nusxa	≠ replika (luqma, gap = remark)
resin	qatron, smola	≠ rezina (rubber)
silicon	kremniy (element)	≠ silikon (silicone)
partisan	qattiq tarafdor	≠ partizan (guerrilla)
pioneer	kashshof, yo'lboshchi	≠ pioner (yosh tashkilot a'zosi)
realize	anglamoq / amalga oshirmoq	≠ realizovat (sotmoq = sell)
expertise	mahorat, malaka	≠ ekspertiza (examination)
sympathetic	hamdard	≠ simpatichniy (chiroyli = attractive)
marmalade	apelsin murabbosi	≠ marmelad (yumshoq konfet)
biscuit	quruq pechenye	≠ biskvit (yumshoq tort = sponge)
troops	qo'shin, askarlar	≠ trup (jasad = corpse)
stool	taburetka	≠ stul (chair)
aspirant	intiluvchi, da'vogar	≠ aspirant (postgraduate)
data	ma'lumotlar	≠ data (sana = date)
motorist	avtomobil haydovchisi	≠ motorist (dvigatel ustasi)
gallant	jasur, nazokatli	≠ galantniy (xushmuomala)
dramatic	keskin, ta'sirchan	≠ dramatichniy (fojiali)
valet	xizmatchi / parking yigit	≠ valet (qarta — knave/jack)

2. Homofonlar — bir xil eshitiladi, BOSHQA yoziladi/ma'no

Yozuvda eng ko'p xato. Talaffuzi bir xil!

So'zlar	Ma'nolari
there / their / they're	u yerda / ularning / they are
your / you're	sizning / you are
its / it's	uning / it is
to / too / two	-ga / ham, juda / ikki
here / hear	bu yerda / eshitmoq
write / right	yozmoq / o'ng, to'g'ri
know / no	bilmoq / yo'q
knight / night	ritsar / tun
weather / whether	ob-havo / -mi (yoki)
piece / peace	bo'lak / tinchlik
whole / hole	butun / teshik
flower / flour	gul / un
buy / by / bye	sotib olmoq / orqali / xayr
sea / see	dengiz / ko'rmoq
son / sun	o'g'il / quyosh
one / won	bir / yutdi (win)
four / for	to'rt / uchun
eye / I	ko'z / men
hour / our	soat / bizning
wear / where	kiymoq / qayerda
meat / meet	go'sht / uchrashmoq
week / weak	hafta / zaif
break / brake	sindirmoq / tormoz
plane / plain	samolyot / oddiy, tekislik
sale / sail	sotuv / yelkan
tail / tale	dum / ertak
waste / waist	isrof / bel
pair / pear	juft / nok
bear / bare	ayiq, ko'tarmoq / yalang'och
blue / blew	ko'k / esdi (blow)
threw / through	uloqtirdi / orqali
flu / flew	gripp / uchdi (fly)
allowed / aloud	ruxsat etilgan / ovoz chiqarib
past / passed	o'tgan / o'tdi (pass)
board / bored	taxta / zerikkan

3. Chalkash juftliklar — ma'no farqiga e'tibor

Juftlik	Farqi
borrow / lend	borrow=qarz OLMOQ, lend=qarz BERMOQ
bring / take	bring=bu yerga, take=u yerga olib bormoq
say / tell	say sth, tell SB (tell me); tell a story/lie
speak / talk	speak rasmiyroq; talk suhbat
listen / hear	listen=ataylab tinglamoq, hear=eshitilib qolmoq
look / watch / see	look=qaramoq, watch=kuzatmoq, see=ko'rmoq
lay / lie	lay sth (qo'ymoq, obyekt bilan); lie (yotmoq, obyektsiz)
rise / raise	rise=o'zi ko'tariladi; raise sth=ko'tarmoq
fewer / less	fewer+sanaladigan; less+sanalmaydigan
among / between	between=2 ta orasida; among=ko'p orasida
advice / advise	advice=ot (maslahat); advise=fe'l
remember / remind	remember=eslamoq; remind sb=eslatmoq
win / beat	win a game; beat sb (raqibni yengmoq)
rob / steal	rob a bank/person; steal money (narsani)
economic / economical	economic=iqtisodiy; economical=tejamkor
historic / historical	historic=tarixiy muhim; historical=tarixga oid
sensible / sensitive	sensible=oqilona; sensitive=ta'sirchan
imaginary / imaginative	imaginary=xayoliy; imaginative=ijodkor
classic / classical	classic=namunaviy; classical=klassik (musiqa)
continual / continuous	continual=takroriy; continuous=uzluksiz
travel / trip / journey	travel=fe'l/umumiy; trip=qisqa safar; journey=uzoq yo'l
job / work	job=sanaladigan (a job); work=sanalmaydigan
fun / funny	fun=zavqli; funny=kulgili

4. O'zbekcha KALKA xatolari (so'zma-so'z tarjima )

O'zbekchani to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tarjima qilmang!

Noto'g'ri (kalka)	To'g'ri	Izoh
I have 20 years	I am 20 (years old)	yoshni "be" bilan
make a photo	take a photo	foto "take" bilan
I feel myself good	I feel good	"myself" kerakmas
say me	tell me	tell sb
I am agree	I agree	agree=fe'l, "am" kerakmas
very like	really like / like it very much	"very" yolg'iz fe'lga emas
open/close the light	turn on/off the light	chiroq "turn on/off"
go with foot	go on foot / walk	piyoda
in the last time	recently / lately	yaqinda
more better	better	"more" kerakmas
I have headache	I have a headache	artikl shart
How you call?	What's your name?	ismni so'rash
different from each other	different from	"each other" ortiqcha
explain me	explain to me	explain to sb
discuss about	discuss sth	"about" kerakmas
enter to the room	enter the room	"to" kerakmas
listen music	listen to music	listen to
answer to the question	answer the question	"to" kerakmas
marry with	marry sb	"with" kerakmas
reach to	reach sth	"to" kerakmas
return back	return / go back	ikkalasi ortiqcha
repeat again	repeat	"again" ortiqcha
my all friends	all my friends	tartib
since 3 years	for 3 years	davomiylik=for
I am working here since 2020	I have been working... since 2020	Present Perfect

5. Bir so'z — ikki xil ma'no (polysemy tuzoqlari)

So'z	Ma'no 1	Ma'no 2
book	kitob	band qilmoq (book a room)
fine	yaxshi	jarima
kind	mehribon	tur, xil
right	o'ng	to'g'ri / huquq
mean	ma'no anglatmoq	xasis / yovuz
light	yorug'lik	yengil
fair	adolatli	yarmarka / oqsoch
bank	bank	daryo qirg'og'i
match	gugurt	musobaqa / moslik
left	chap	qoldi (leave)
content	mazmun	mamnun (kontekstga qarab urg'u)
present	sovg'a / hozir	taqdim etmoq
store	do'kon	saqlamoq
change	o'zgartirmoq	mayda pul
bear	ayiq	ko'tarmoq, chidamoq

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Soxta do'stlar to'liq kengaytma tugadi (200 birlik). C1-5 + bu = **250+ false friend/tuzoq**. Eng muhim: 4-bo'lim (kalka xatolari) — bularni yodlasangiz, o'zbek o'quvchining 80% xatosidan qutulasiz.

MAXSUS TO'PLAMLAR TUGADI (4 fayl)

Phrasal verbs (290) + Idiomlar (230) + Kollokatsiyalar (240) + Soxta do'stlar (200) = ~960 birlik. Keyingi: Yodlanadigan jadvallar — notog'ri fe'llar va h.k.

Manba

English-Russian false friends list; Swan "Practical English Usage"; homophones reference; L1 transfer error studies (Turkic speakers).