B1 — 3-dars: Present Perfect — just / already / yet (+ still, recently, so far)

B1 — O'RTA · 3-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda Present Perfect bilan ishlatiladigan eng ko'p uchraydigan vaqt so'zlarini o'rganasiz: just (endigina), already (allaqachon), yet (hali), va qo'shimcha still, recently, lately, so far.

I've just finished. (Endigina tugatdim.) She's already left. (U allaqachon ketdi.) Have you done it yet? (Buni hali qildingizmi?) I haven't done it yet. (Hali qilmadim.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Yangiliklar/holat: "I've just got home." "The meeting has already started."
• Ish/jamoa: "Have you finished the report yet?" "I've already sent it." "The build has just failed."
• Suhbat: "Have you eaten yet?" "I've just had lunch."

Asosiy tushuncha — uchta "vaqt holati": bu so'zlar harakatning vaqtga nisbatan holatini ko'rsatadi: just = "hozirgina bo'ldi" (yaqin o'tmish), already = "kutilganidan oldin/allaqachon bo'ldi" (ijobiy, ba'zan hayrat), yet = "hali bo'lmadi / bo'ldimi?" (kutilyapti — savol va inkorda). Ular Present Perfect bilan eng tabiiy juftlik.

O'xshatish: vazifa ro'yxati (to-do list) tasavvur qiling. just — endigina belgilab qo'ydingiz ( hozir). already — kutmaganda allaqachon belgilangan ( erta). yet — hali belgilanmagan ( kutyapti: Have you …yet? / Not yet).

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-1 (Present Perfect): have/has + V3 — natija, tajriba.
• B1-2 (for/since): davomiylik. Bugun — just/already/yet (yaqinlik/kutish).
• A2-12 (ravish o'rni): already/just — yordamchi va asosiy fe'l orasida (xuddi takror ravishlari).
• Tez mashq: Present Perfect: I ___ (finish) (have finished). Bugun: I've just finished.

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. just — "endigina" (hozirgina tugadi)

just = "bir oz oldin, hozirgina". O'rni: have/has va V3 orasida:

have/has + JUST + V3
  I've just finished the work.        — Ishni endigina tugatdim.
  She's just left.                     — U endigina ketdi.
  The train has just arrived.          — Poyezd endigina keldi.

AmE farqi: Amerika inglizchasida ko'pincha just + Past Simple: "I just finished" (= I've just finished). Britaniyada Present Perfect. Ikkalasi keng; siz Present Perfectni o'rganing, AmE shaklini tanib oling.

3.2. already — "allaqachon" (kutilgandan oldin) — IJOBIY

already = "allaqachon, kutgandan oldin" (ijobiy gaplarda; ko'pincha hayrat). O'rni: have/has va V3 orasida (yoki ta'kid uchun oxirida):

have/has + ALREADY + V3
  I've already eaten, thanks.          — Allaqachon ovqatlandim, rahmat.
  He's already finished. That was fast! — U allaqachon tugatdi. Tez ekan!
  We've already seen this film.         — Bu filmni allaqachon ko'rganmiz.

Ma'no: "kutgandan/kerakdan oldinroq, allaqachon". Ko'pincha hayrat yoki "shart emas" ma'nosida: "Don't cook — I've already eaten."

3.3. yet — "hali" (savol va INKORda) — gap OXIRIDA

yet = "hali" — faqat savol ("…dimi?") va inkor ("hali …madi") da; o'rni: gap oxirida:

Savol (…dimi?):   Have you finished yet?      — Hali tugatdingizmi?
                  Has she arrived yet?         — U hali keldimi?
Inkor (hali …madi): I haven't finished yet.     — Hali tugatmadim.
                  They haven't decided yet.     — Hali qaror qilmadilar.

Diqqat: yet — gap oxirida (just/already kabi o'rtada emas!). Va faqat savol/inkorda (ijobiyda already). Not yet = "hali yo'q" (qisqa javob: "Have you eaten?" — "Not yet.").

3.4. already vs yet — ijobiy vs savol/inkor

"Have you sent the email yet?" — "Yes, I've already sent it." — Yubordingizmi? — Ha, allaqachon.

Tez tekshiruv (already yoki yet?): 1) I've ___ paid the bill. 2) Have they arrived ___ ? 3) We haven't started ___ . 4) "You've finished ___ ?! That was fast!" Javob: 1) already · 2) yet · 3) yet · 4) already (bu yerda savol emas, hayrat — shuning uchun already).

3.5. still — "hali ham" (kutilgandan uzoq) — INKOR bilan kuchli

still = "hali ham" — inkor bilan yet dan kuchliroq (sabrsizlik/hayrat); o'rni: ega va yordamchi orasida:

still + haven't/hasn't:
  I still haven't finished. (= I haven't finished yet — lekin kuchliroq: "haliyam!")
  He still hasn't replied to my email. — U hali ham emailimga javob bermadi.

still vs yet: "I haven't finished yet" (neytral — hali tugatmadim) vs "I still haven't finished" (sabrsiz — haliyam tugatmadim!). still — ega+yordamchi orasida (I still haven't); yet — oxirda.

still — faqat Present Perfect inkorida emas: still "hali ham, davom etmoqda" ma'nosini boshqa zamonlarda ham beradi. O'rni: asosiy fe'ldan oldin, inkorda esa don't/doesn't dan oldin: He still lives here. (U hali ham shu yerda yashaydi.) I still don't understand. (Men hali ham tushunmayapman.) Ya'ni: davom etayotgan holat (hali ham …) still; kutilyotgan, hali bo'lmagan ish (savol/inkorda) yet.

3.6. recently / lately — "yaqinda, so'nggi paytlarda"

recently / lately = yaqin o'tmishda (aniq emas):
  I've changed jobs recently.          — Yaqinda ish o'zgartirdim.
  Have you seen any good films lately?  — So'nggi paytlarda yaxshi film ko'rdingizmi?
  I haven't been sleeping well lately.  — So'nggi paytda yaxshi uxlamayapman.

lately — ko'pincha savol/inkorda; recently — ijobiy ham. Ikkalasi Present Perfect (yoki Continuous) bilan.

3.7. so far / up to now — "shu paytgacha"

so far = hozirgacha (davom etayotgan jarayonda):
  So far, I've read three chapters.    — Shu paytgacha uch bob o'qidim.
  Everything has gone well so far.      — Hozirgacha hammasi yaxshi ketdi.

"So far, so good" — "hozircha hammasi joyida" (B1-1 chunk).

3.8. Umumiy — o'rin jadvali

ega + have/has + [just/already] + V3 + [yet]
   I've   JUST/ALREADY   finished   (the work) (YET?)
ega + [still] + haven't/hasn't + V3 ... [yet]
   I    STILL    haven't    finished ... (yet)
recently/lately/so far — gap boshida yoki oxirida

3.9. O'zbekcha nigoh — tarjima mosligi

Bu to'rt so'zni o'zbekchaga to'g'ri "ilib olish" xatolarni kamaytiradi:

• just "hozirgina / endigina" — harakat ayni damdan biroz oldin tugadi: I've just woken up. (Endigina uyg'ondim.)
• already "allaqachon" — kutilgandan oldin bo'ldi; ko'pincha o'zbekchada "-ku" yoki "ham" tusi qo'shiladi: I've already read it. (Buni allaqachon o'qidim-ku.)
• yet "hali" (savol/inkorda) — kutilyapti, lekin hali bo'lmadi: I haven't decided yet. (Hali qaror qilmadim.)
• still "hali ham" — kutilganidan uzoqroq davom etmoqda: He still hasn't replied. (U hali ham javob bermadi.)

Asosiy tuzoq: o'zbekchada "hali" bir vaqtning o'zida ham yet, ham still ma'nosini beradi. Inglizchada esa ular boshqacha: yet — gap oxirida (savol/inkor), still — yordamchidan oldin (asosan inkor/ijobiy). "Hali tugatmadim" — neytral bo'lsa I haven't finished yet, sabrsizlik bo'lsa I still haven't finished.

4. Misollar (so'z bo'yicha)

just:

"Where's Mum?" — "She's just popped out."  — Endigina chiqib ketdi.
I've just realized I left my keys at home.  — Endigina anglab qoldim — kalitlarni uyda qoldirdim.

already:

You don't need to remind me — I've already done it. — Eslatishing shart emas — allaqachon qildim.
Is it 10 already? Time flies!                — Soat 10 bo'ldimi allaqachon? Vaqt uchadi!

yet:

Has the package arrived yet? — Not yet.      — Posilka keldimi hali? — Hali yo'q.
I haven't made up my mind yet.                — Hali qaror qilmadim.

still / recently / so far:

He still hasn't paid me back.                 — U hali ham qarzini qaytarmadi.
I've been really tired lately.                 — So'nggi paytda juda charchaganman.
So far, the trip has been amazing.            — Hozirgacha sayohat ajoyib.

Aralash (kundalik holatlar):

Don't worry, I've already booked the tickets.  — Xavotir olmang, chiptalarni allaqachon bron qildim.
Has the bus left yet? — No, not yet.            — Avtobus ketdimi hali? — Yo'q, hali yo'q.
I've just seen your message — sorry for the delay! — Xabaringizni endigina ko'rdim — kechikkanim uchun uzr!
We've been waiting an hour and it still hasn't opened. — Bir soatdan beri kutyapmiz, u hali ham ochilmadi.
Have you had lunch yet? — Yes, I've already eaten. — Tushlik qildingizmi hali? — Ha, allaqachon ovqatlandim.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

just /dʒʌst/ "jast" (tez nutqda "jəs")   already /ɔːlˈredi/ "o:lredi"
yet /jet/ "yet"   still /stɪl/ "stil"   recently /ˈriːsntli/ "ri:sntli"

Native siri: "I've just …" tez nutqda "ayv-jəs": "I've just finished" "ayv-jəs-finisht". already — urg'u "RE" da: "o:l-RE-di".

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I've just finished. I've already eaten. Have you done it yet? Not yet." ni ayting. Youglish: "I've just", "have you ... yet".

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• I've just got here. — "Endigina yetib keldim."
• Have you …yet? — "…dingizmi hali?" (kutilgan ish).
• Not yet, but soon. — "Hali yo'q, lekin tez orada."
• So far, so good. — "Hozircha yaxshi."
• I've already told you. — "Allaqachon aytdim-ku."
• It's not over yet. — "Hali tugamadi."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — ish holati (just/already/yet):

A: Have you finished the report yet?              — Hisobotni hali tugatdingmi?
B: Almost. I've already written the main part, but I haven't checked it yet. — Deyarli. Asosiy qismni allaqachon yozdim, lekin hali tekshirmadim.
A: OK. Has the client replied to our email?       — Mayli. Mijoz emailimizga javob berdimi?
B: Not yet. They still haven't got back to us.     — Hali yo'q. Ular hali ham javob bermadilar.
A: Hmm. By the way, has Aziz arrived yet?          — Hmm. Aytgancha, Aziz keldimi hali?
B: Yes, he's just come in. He's already at his desk. — Ha, endigina kirdi. Allaqachon stolida.
A: Great. So far we're on schedule, then.          — Zo'r. Demak, hozirgacha jadval bo'yicha boryapmiz.
B: Yes — let's keep it that way!                   — Ha — shunday davom ettiraylik!

O'qish matni — "A productive morning" (Present Perfect + just/already/yet):

It's only 10 a.m., but I've already done a lot. — Hali soat 10, lekin allaqachon ko'p ish qildim.
I've just had my second coffee, and I'm feeling good. — Endigina ikkinchi kofemni ichdim va o'zimni yaxshi his qilyapman.
I've already answered ten emails and finished one task. — Allaqachon o'nta emailga javob berdim va bitta vazifani tugatdim.
I haven't started the big project yet, but I will after lunch. — Katta loyihani hali boshlamadim, lekin tushdan keyin boshlayman.
My colleague still hasn't arrived — he's always late! — Hamkasbim hali ham kelmadi — u doim kechikadi!
So far, it's been a calm and productive morning. — Hozirgacha bu — tinch va samarali tong.

Topshiriq: matnda just, already, yet, still, so far ni belgilang. So'ng bugun shu paytgacha nima qildingiz (allaqachon qilgan, endigina qilgan, hali qilmagan) — 6 gap yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• yet o'rtada / ijobiyda: I've yet finished. I've finished yet. (ijobiy ma'noda). Have you finished yet? / I haven't finished yet. (yet — oxir, savol/inkor).

• already savolda/inkorda (yet o'rniga): Have you finished already? (neytral savol o'rnida). Have you finished yet? (neytral savol). (already savolda faqat hayrat: "You've finished already?!")

• just/already oxirida (o'rta o'rin o'rniga): I've finished just. I've just finished. (just/already — have va V3 orasida).

• still o'rnini buzish: I haven't still finished. I still haven't finished. (still — ega va yordamchi orasida).

• Past Simple + already/yet (BrE da Present Perfect tabiiyroq): I already did it. I've already done it. (BrE). (AmE da just/already + Past Simple ham keng.)

• "hali" ni doim still deb tarjima qilish (savolda ham): Have you eaten still? Have you eaten yet? (savolda "hali" = yet, gap oxirida). still asosan ijobiy/inkor gapda, yordamchidan oldin ishlatiladi.

• So'z tartibi — ravishni gap boshiga chiqarish: Already I have eaten. / Just I have finished. (o'zbekchada "allaqachon men..." tabiiy, inglizchada emas). I have already eaten. / I have just finished. (already/just — ega va V3 orasida, have/has dan keyin).

• already ni "hozir" bilan chalkashtirish: I've already come now. "hozirgina" = just, "allaqachon" = already: I've just come. / I've already come. (ikkalasi ham "now" degani emas).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. just, already yoki yet — to'g'ri joyga qo'ying:

1. I've finished my work. (just)
2. She's eaten. (already)
3. Have you seen the news? (yet)
4. They haven't replied. (yet)
5. He's left. (just)

Mashq 2. already yoki yet?

1. Have you done your homework ___ ?
2. I've ___ done it.
3. We haven't decided ___ .
4. Is it lunchtime ___ ? Time flies!

Mashq 3. still yoki yet?

1. I haven't finished ___ . (neytral)
2. I ___ haven't finished! (sabrsiz)
3. He ___ hasn't called me back.

Mashq 4. Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring (so far / recently / lately):

1. ___ , everything has gone well.
2. Have you read any good books ___ ?
3. I've been very busy ___ .

Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang: I've finished just., Have you finished already? (neytral), I haven't still finished., I've yet done it., She's left already (o'rinni tekshiring — OK bo'lishi mumkin).

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Endigina tugatdim. = ___
2. Allaqachon ovqatlandim. = ___
3. Buni hali qildingizmi? = ___
4. Hali qaror qilmadim. = ___
5. U hali ham javob bermadi. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — javob bering (just/already/yet):

"Have you eaten yet?"  "Yes, I've just eaten." / "No, not yet."
"Have you finished the task yet?"  ___
"Have you seen this film?"  "Yes, I've already seen it."

Drill B — bugun nima qildingiz (already/just/yet):

"I've already ___ today." (qilgan ish)
"I've just ___ ." (endigina)
"I haven't ___ yet." (hali qilmagan)

Drill C — still (sabrsizlik):

"He ___ hasn't ___ ." (kimdir hali biror narsa qilmadi)

Model javoblar (Drill A): No, I haven't finished it yet. / Yes, I've already seen it twice. So'ng bugun haqingizda: allaqachon/endigina/hali — 4 gap ayting va har birini yuqoridagi qoidalar bilan o'zingiz tekshiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. I've just finished my work. · 2. She's already eaten. · 3. Have you seen the news yet? · 4. They haven't replied yet. · 5. He's just left. Mashq 2: 1. yet · 2. already · 3. yet · 4. already. Mashq 3: 1. yet · 2. still · 3. still. Mashq 4: 1. So far · 2. lately (recently) · 3. lately (recently). Mashq 5: I've just finished. / Have you finished yet? / I still haven't finished. / I've already done it. / She's already left (yoki: She's just left) — o'rin to'g'ri. Mashq 6: 1. I've just finished. · 2. I've already eaten. · 3. Have you done it yet? · 4. I haven't decided yet. · 5. He still hasn't replied.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

just (endigina) — o'rtada: I've JUST finished
already (allaqachon, kutgandan oldin) — o'rtada, IJOBIY: I've ALREADY done it
yet (hali) — OXIRDA, SAVOL/INKOR: Have you done it YET? / I haven't ... YET
still (hali ham, sabrsiz) — ega+yordamchi orasi: I STILL haven't finished
recently/lately (yaqinda) | so far (shu paytgacha — So far, so good)
already ≠ yet: ijobiy (already) vs savol/inkor (yet)
AmE: just/already + Past Simple ham (I just finished)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. just (endigina), already (allaqachon) — o'rtada; yet (hali) — oxirda.
2. already — ijobiy; yet — savol va inkor.
3. still + haven't (sabrsiz, yet dan kuchliroq).
4. recently/lately (yaqinda), so far (shu paytgacha).
5. AmE da just/already + Past Simple ham.

Bog'lanish: just/already/yet — kundalik Present Perfect nutqining ziravorlari. Endi siz Present Perfect ning barcha asosiy qismlarini bilasiz (tajriba, natija, for/since, just/already/yet). Keyingi dars — eng muhim mavzu: Present Perfect vs Past Simple (qachon qaysi biri) — bu ikki zamonni to'liq ajratamiz.

Keyingi dars — B1 — 4-dars: Present Perfect vs Past Simple (eng muhim farq). O'tgan zamonning ikki yo'li — qachon I've done (Present Perfect), qachon I did (Past Simple)? Bu — B1 ning eng muhim, eng ko'p xato qilinadigan farqi.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Present Perfect: just/already/yet, Unit 8); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (just, already, yet, still); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Present perfect: 'just', 'already', 'yet'".