B1 — 26-dars: used to / would (o'tmish odatlari) + be used to

B1 — O'RTA · 26-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda o'tmishdagi odat va holatlarni ifodalashni o'rganasiz: used to (ilgari …ardim — endi yo'q) va would (takrorlangan o'tmish harakatlari). Hamda ularni be used to / get used to (o'rganib qolgan) dan ajratamiz — bu butunlay boshqa narsa!

I used to play football. (Ilgari futbol o'ynardim — endi o'ynamayman.) There used to be a cinema here. (Bu yerda ilgari kinoteatr bo'lardi.) Every summer we would go to the sea. (Har yozi dengizga borardik.) I'm used to waking up early. (Erta turishga o'rganib qolganman.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• O'tmishni eslash (kundalik): "I used to live in Bukhara." "We used to be best friends."
• O'zgarishni ko'rsatish: "This area used to be quiet." (endi emas).
• Bolalik/xotira: "Every weekend, we'd visit our grandparents."
• Moslashish: "I've got used to the new job."

Asosiy tushuncha — uchta "used" — uch xil narsa:

1. used to + V1 = o'tmishda odat/holat (endi yo'q): "I used to smoke." (chekardim — endi yo'q).
2. would + V1 = o'tmishda takrorlangan harakat (faqat harakat, holat emas!): "We'd play outside."
3. be/get used to + -ing = "o'rganib qolgan" (moslashgan) — o'tmish emas, holat: "I'm used to it."

used to (o'tmish odat) va be used to (o'rganib qolgan) — butunlay boshqa! Birinchisida to + V1, ikkinchisida to + -ing.

O'xshatish: used to — "eski fotoalbom" (ilgari shunday edi, endi emas): "I used to have long hair." would — o'sha albomdagi takrorlangan sahna (har yozi, har yakshanba). be used to — butunlay boshqa kitob: "moslashish" (o'rganganman, normal tuyiladi).

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A2-26 (used to — kirish): used to asosi. Bugun — chuqurlashtirib + would + be used to.
• A2-12 (frequency): every day, often — odat ravishlari.
• A2-3,4 (Past Simple): o'tmish — used to bilan taqqoslash.
• B1-22 (preposition + -ing): be used to + -ing.
• Tez mashq: "ilgari …ardim, endi yo'q" used to; "har yozi …ardim" would/used to.

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. used to + V1 — o'tmish odati/holati (endi yo'q)

O'tmishda odat yoki holat edi, lekin endi yo'q:

ODAT (takrorlangan ish):
  I used to play tennis.          — Ilgari tennis o'ynardim. (endi o'ynamayman)
  We used to go there every week.  — Har hafta u yerga borardik.
HOLAT (doimiy vaziyat):
  There used to be a shop here.    — Bu yerda ilgari do'kon bo'lardi.
  I used to have a motorbike.      — Ilgari mototsiklim bor edi.
  She used to be very shy.         — U ilgari juda uyatchan edi.

Ma'no: used to = "ilgari …ardim/edi, lekin endi boshqacha". O'tmish bilan hozir orasida o'zgarish bor. Faqat o'tmish uchun (hozirgi odat — Present Simple: "I play tennis").

3.2. used to — inkor va savol

Inkor: didn't use to (use to — d YO'Q!):
  I didn't use to like coffee.     — Ilgari kofeni yoqtirmasdim.
Savol: Did you use to...? :
  Did you use to live here?         — Ilgari shu yerda yashardingizmi?

Diqqat: inkor/savolda use to (used emas — d tushadi, chunki did bor): "didn't use to", "Did you use to…?". (Ijobiyda — used to.)

3.3. would + V1 — takrorlangan o'tmish HARAKATI (holat EMAS!)

would = o'tmishda takrorlangan harakat (xotira, hikoya ohangida):

Every summer, we would go to the village.   — Har yozi qishloqqa borardik.
My grandfather would tell us stories.        — Bobom bizga ertak aytib berardi.
On Sundays, we'd have a big family lunch.    — Yakshanbalari katta oilaviy tushlik qilardik.

would — faqat HARAKAT, holat EMAS! would takrorlangan harakat uchun (go, play, tell), lekin holat (be, have, like, know) uchun EMAS:

text

 We used to live there. / We would visit there. (harakat — would OK)
 We would live there. (yashash — holat  would EMAS!)
 I used to be shy.  I would be shy. (be — holat  would EMAS!)

Qoida: holat (be, have, know, like) faqat used to; takrorlangan harakat used to yoki would.

3.4. used to vs would — farq jadvali

"When I was a child, I used to live by the sea. Every day, I would swim in the morning."
— used to (holat: yashash) + would (harakat: suzish).

would odatda vaqt so'zi bilan (every summer, on Sundays) va kontekst ochilgandan keyin keladi. used to — mustaqil boshlay oladi.

3.5. be used to / get used to — "o'rganib qolgan" (BOSHQA NARSA!)

be used to + -ing/ot = "o'rganib qolgan, moslashgan" (o'tmish emas — hozirgi holat!):

be used to (o'rganib qolgan — holat):
  I'm used to waking up early.        — Erta turishga o'rganib qolganman.
  She's used to the noise now.         — U endi shovqinga o'rgangan.
get used to (o'rgana bormoq — jarayon):
  I'm getting used to my new job.      — Yangi ishimga o'rganib boryapman.
  You'll get used to it.               — O'rganib ketasiz.

ENG katta chalkashlik:

text

used to + V1 = o'tmish odat (endi yo'q): I used to smoke. (chekardim)
be used to + -ing = o'rganib qolgan (hozir): I'm used to smoking. (chekishga o'rganganman)

Birinchisida to + V1 (used to smoke); ikkinchisida be + used to + -ing (am used to smoking). be/am/is bormi? "o'rganib qolgan". Yo'qmi? o'tmish odat.

3.6. Hammasini farqlash

I used to live in London. — Ilgari Londonda yashardim. (o'tmish, endi yo'q)
Every day I would walk to work. — Har kuni ishga piyoda borardim. (takror harakat)
I'm used to living in London. — Londonda yashashga o'rganganman. (hozir, moslashgan)
I'm getting used to it. — O'rganib boryapman. (jarayon)

3.7. used to vs Past Simple — bir martalik ish Past Simple

used to faqat takrorlangan odat yoki uzoq davom etgan holat uchun ishlatiladi. Bir marta bo'lib o'tgan, tugallangan ish uchun used to EMAS — oddiy Past Simple:

 Last year I went to Paris.        — O'tgan yili Parijga bordim. (bir marta  Past Simple)
 Last year I used to go to Paris.  (bir martalik ish  used to ISHLAMAYDI!)
 I used to go to Paris every summer. — Har yozi Parijga borardim. (takror odat  used to OK)

Farq — o'zbekcha kaliti: o'zbekchada bu farq fe'l qo'shimchasida aniq ko'rinadi:

• takror/odat (used to) "-ardim / -ardi": bor*ardim, o'ynardim, yashardim* = I used to go / play / live.
• bir martalik (Past Simple) "-dim / -di": bor*dim, o'ynadim* = I went, I played.

Ya'ni "Kecha kinoga bordim" (bir marta) = I went to the cinema yesterday — bu yerda used to mutlaqo noto'g'ri. Faqat "borardim" (odat) used to go.

Yana bir belgi: gapda aniq son yoki muddat bo'lsa (for three years, twice, in 2010, last week) — odatda Past Simple, chunki bu sanab bo'ladigan, tugallangan fakt:

 I lived in London for three years. — Londonda uch yil yashadim. (aniq muddat  Past Simple)
 I used to live in London for three years. (aniq muddat bilan g'aliz)
 I used to live in London. — Ilgari Londonda yashardim. (muddatsiz, umumiy  used to OK)
 I went there twice. — U yerga ikki marta bordim. (aniq son  Past Simple, "used to" EMAS)

Tez test: gapda "necha marta / qancha vaqt" degan aniq javob bormi? Past Simple. Shunchaki "ilgari shunday edi, endi yo'q" (muddat/son aytilmagan)mi? used to (yoki takror harakat bo'lsa would).

Mini-mashq (used to yoki Past Simple?):

1. I ___ (break) my leg when I was ten. (bir martalik hodisa)
2. We ___ (spend) every holiday at my aunt's house. (takror odat)
3. She ___ (call) me three times yesterday. (aniq son)
4. There ___ (be) a market here before they built the mall. (uzoq davom etgan holat)

Javob: 1. broke (bir martalik hodisa Past Simple) · 2. used to spend (takror odat) · 3. called (aniq son, bir kun Past Simple) · 4. used to be (uzoq davom etgan holat, endi yo'q used to).

4. Misollar (turlari bo'yicha)

used to (holat): There used to be a tree here. / I used to have a bike.
used to (odat): I used to go swimming every day.
didn't use to: He didn't use to drink coffee.
would (xotira): On holidays, we'd stay up late and tell stories.
be used to: I'm used to hard work. / Are you used to the cold?
get used to: It takes time to get used to a new city.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

used to  "yu:s-tə" (s — /s/, NOT /z/!)   didn't use to  "didnt-yu:s-tə"
would  'd: "we'd" /wiːd/, "I'd" /aɪd/
be used to  "biz-yu:s-tə" (am/is used to)

Native siri: used to "yu:s-tə" (s tovushi /s/, "yu:z" EMAS!). would 'd ("we'd go" "wid-gou"). be used to da ham "yu:s-tə". Talaffuz bir xil, ma'no kontekstdan.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I used to play. We would go. I'm used to it." jumlalarini bir necha marta ovoz chiqarib ayting; used to = "yu:stə" (s tovushi /s/). Har uchtasida talaffuz bir xil bo'lishiga e'tibor bering.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• I used to, but not anymore. — "Ilgari, lekin endi yo'q."
• You'll get used to it. — "O'rganib ketasiz."
• Things aren't what they used to be. — "Narsalar avvalgidek emas."
• We used to be close. — "Ilgari yaqin edik."
• I'm not used to this. — "Bunga o'rganmaganman."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — eski do'stlar (used to / would):

A: This street has changed so much, hasn't it? — Bu ko'cha juda o'zgaribdi, shundaymi?
B: It really has. There used to be a little bakery right there. — Rostdan ham. Aynan shu yerda kichik nonvoyxona bo'lardi.
A: Oh yes! We used to buy bread there every morning. — Ha-ya! Har tong u yerdan non olardik.
B: And do you remember the park? We'd spend whole afternoons there. — Parkni eslaysanmi? U yerda butun tushdan keyinni o'tkazardik.
A: Of course. I used to be so shy back then, though. — Albatta. Lekin o'shanda juda uyatchan edim.
B: You? Really? You don't seem shy now! — Senmi? Rostdanmi? Hozir uyatchanga o'xshamaysan!
A: People change. I've got used to speaking in public now. — Odamlar o'zgaradi. Endi ommada gapirishga o'rganganman.
B: That's great. It's funny how we get used to new versions of ourselves, isn't it? — Zo'r. O'zimizning yangi nusxalarimizga o'rganib qolishimiz qiziq, shundaymi?

O'qish matni — "The village I used to know" (xotira — used to/would):

I grew up in a small village that used to feel like the whole world to me. — Men menga butun dunyodek tuyulgan kichik qishloqda o'sganman.
Every morning, my grandmother would wake up before sunrise to bake bread. — Har tong, buvim quyosh chiqishidan oldin turib non yopardi.
We didn't use to have much, but we were happy. — Bizda ko'p narsa bo'lmasdi, lekin baxtli edik.
In summer, the children would play in the fields until dark. — Yozda, bolalar qorong'i tushguncha dalalarda o'ynashardi.
There used to be an old well in the centre where everyone met. — Markazda hamma uchrashadigan eski quduq bo'lardi.
Life used to be slower, and somehow that felt right. — Hayot sekinroq edi va negadir bu to'g'ri tuyulardi.
I've got used to the city now, but a part of me still belongs to that village. — Endi shaharga o'rgandim, lekin bir qismim hali ham o'sha qishloqniki.

Topshiriq: matnda used to (holat/odat), would (takror harakat), be/get used to (o'rganish) ni ajrating. So'ng bolaligingiz/o'tmishingiz haqida 6 gap yozing (I used to…, We would…, I've got used to…).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• would — holat bilan: I would be shy. / We would have a car. I used to be shy. We used to have a car. (holat used to, would EMAS!).

• used to vs be used to chalkashish: "I used to waking up early" (o'rganganman ma'noda). I'm used to waking up early (o'rganganman — be + -ing); I used to wake up early (ilgari — to + V1).

• inkor/savolda used (use o'rniga): I didn't used to smoke. Did you used to…? I didn't use to smoke. Did you use to…? (did bor use, d tushadi).

• used to — hozirgi odat uchun: I use to go to the gym (hozir ma'noda). hozir I go to the gym (Present Simple). used to — faqat o'tmish.

• be used to + V1: I'm used to wake up early. I'm used to waking up early. (be used to + -ing!).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. used to (ijobiy/inkor/savol):

1. I ___ (play) football, but I stopped. (ijobiy)
2. ___ you ___ (live) here? (savol)
3. He ___ (not / like) vegetables. (inkor)
4. There ___ (be) a school here.

Mashq 2. used to yoki would? (holatmi-harakat?)

1. Every weekend we ___ visit our grandparents. (harakat)
2. I ___ have long hair. (holat)
3. She ___ be a teacher. (holat)
4. On holidays, we ___ go camping. (harakat)

Mashq 3. used to yoki be used to?

1. I ___ (smoke), but I quit. (o'tmish odat)
2. I'm ___ (wake) up early now. (o'rganganman)
3. You'll get ___ (it). (o'rganib ketasiz)

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: I would be shy when I was young., I'm used to wake up early., I didn't used to like it., Did you used to live here?, I used to waking up early. (ilgari ma'noda)

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Ilgari futbol o'ynardim. = ___
2. Bu yerda ilgari kinoteatr bo'lardi. = ___
3. Har yozi dengizga borardik. = ___
4. Erta turishga o'rganganman. = ___
5. Ilgari kofeni yoqtirmasdim. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — o'tmish odati (used to):

"Now I don't smoke."  "I used to smoke."
"Now there's no shop here."  "There ___ ."
"Now I'm confident."  "I ___ be shy."

Drill B — bolalik xotirasi (would/used to):

"When I was a child, I used to ___ ." "Every summer, we would ___ ."

Drill C — moslashish (be/get used to):

"I'm used to ___ ." "I'm getting used to ___ ."

Model javoblar (Drill A): There used to be a shop here. I used to be shy. So'ng o'tmishingiz haqida 5 gap (used to + would) va moslashish haqida 2 gap (be used to) tuzib ayting.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. used to play · 2. Did ... use to live · 3. didn't use to like · 4. used to be. Mashq 2: 1. used to/would · 2. used to (holat) · 3. used to (holat) · 4. used to/would. Mashq 3: 1. used to smoke · 2. used to waking · 3. used to it. Mashq 4: I used to be shy when I was young. / I'm used to waking up early. / I didn't use to like it. / Did you use to live here? / I used to wake up early. Mashq 5: 1. I used to play football. · 2. There used to be a cinema here. · 3. Every summer we would go to the sea (yoki: used to go). · 4. I'm used to waking up early. · 5. I didn't use to like coffee.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

used to + V1 = o'tmish odat/holat (endi yo'q): I used to smoke. There used to be...
  inkor: didn't USE to | savol: Did you USE to...? (use — d tushadi)
would + V1 = takrorlangan o'tmish HARAKATI (holat EMAS!): Every summer we'd go...
   would — holat (be/have/like) bilan ISHLATILMAYDI  used to
be/get used to + -ing = O'RGANIB QOLGAN (boshqa narsa!): I'm used to waking up early.
   used to + V1 (o'tmish) ≠ be used to + -ing (o'rganib qolgan)
bir martalik ish (aniq son/muddat)  Past Simple, used to EMAS: I went there twice.
talaffuz: "yu:s-tə" (/s/, NOT /z/)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. used to + V1 — o'tmish odat/holat (endi yo'q).
2. would — takrorlangan harakat (holat emas!).
3. inkor/savol: use to (d tushadi).
4. be/get used to + -ing — o'rganib qolgan (butunlay boshqa!).
5. used to (o'tmish) ≠ be used to (moslashgan).
6. bir martalik yoki aniq son/muddatli ish used to emas, Past Simple (I went there twice).

Bog'lanish: used to/would — o'tmish odat va xotira tilining asosi. Keyingi dars make / let / be allowed to — majburlash, ruxsat: "My boss makes me work late. They let me leave early." — causative-ish tuzilmalar.

Keyingi dars — B1 — 27-dars: make / let / be allowed to. Majburlash va ruxsat: "make somebody do" (majburlamoq), "let somebody do" (ruxsat bermoq), "be allowed to" (ruxsat etilgan) — bare infinitive bilan.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (used to Unit 18; would for past Unit 36; be/get used to Unit 61); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (used to; would); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "'used to' and 'would'".