B1 — 24-dars: Question tags (..., isn't it? ..., do you?)

B1 — O'RTA · 24-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda question tags (savol qo'shimchalari) ni o'rganasiz — gap oxiriga qo'shiladigan kichik savol: "…, isn't it? …, don't you?". O'zbekcha "…shundaymi? …a?" ga o'xshaydi. Bu — tasdiqlash, rozilik so'rash yoki suhbatni davom ettirish uchun so'zlashuvda juda keng ishlatiladi.

It's cold, isn't it? (Sovuq, shundaymi?) You like coffee, don't you? (Kofeni yoqtirasiz, a?) She isn't here, is she? (U yo'q, shundaymi?) You'll help me, won't you? (Yordam berasiz, a?)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Suhbat/rozilik (kundalik): "Nice day, isn't it?" — kichik suhbat (small talk) boshlash.
• Tasdiqlash: "You're coming, aren't you?" — ishonch/aniqlash.
• Native ohang: question tags — so'zlashuv inglizchasining belgisi; ularsiz nutq quruq tuyiladi.

Asosiy tushuncha — "teskari oyna": question tag — gapning teskari aks-sadosi:

• Gap ijobiy tag inkor: "It's hot, isn't it?"
• Gap inkor tag ijobiy: "It isn't hot, is it?"

Tag'da gapdagi yordamchi fe'l (is, do, have, will, can…) qaytadi + olmosh. Yordamchi yo'q bo'lsa do/does/did. Bu — "ijobiyinkor" almashinuvi.

O'xshatish: question tag — gapning "** ko'zgudagi aksi**": gap bir tomonga qarasa (ijobiy), tag teskari tomonga qaraydi (inkor) — va aksincha. "You're tired, aren't you?" — "charchagansiz" (ijobiy) "aren't you?" (inkor aks). Ko'zgu doim teskari ko'rsatadi.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A1-5, A2-2 (to be): is/are, was/were — tag'da qaytadi.
• A1-15 (do/does): yordamchi yo'q bo'lsa — do/does.
• A2-8, B1-9 (will): will won't tag.
• A2-17 (can/should): modallar tag'da qaytadi.
• Tez mashq: teskari ayting: is ?, do ?, will ?, can ? (isn't, don't, won't, can't).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Asosiy qoida — ijobiy inkor

IJOBIY gap  INKOR tag:    You're tired, aren't you?
INKOR gap  IJOBIY tag:    You aren't tired, are you?

Tag = yordamchi fe'l + olmosh (gapdagi ega olmoshga aylanadi):

She is a doctor, isn't she?
They can swim, can't they?
He won't come, will he?

O'zbekcha bilan asosiy farq: o'zbekchada tag deyarli o'zgarmas — "…-a?", "…shundaymi?", "…to'g'rimi?", "…-ku?" har qanday gapga bir xil yopishaveradi. Inglizchada esa tag gapga moslashadi: fe'l, zamon va olmoshga qarab isn't it / don't you / can't he / won't they bo'lib o'zgaradi. Aynan shu — moslashtirish — o'zbek o'quvchi uchun eng qiyin joy. Shuning uchun har gapda uch narsani so'rang: (1) qaysi yordamchi? (2) ijobiymi/inkormi? (3) qaysi olmosh?

3.2. Yordamchi fe'lni tanlash

to be: is/are/was/were  tag'da o'sha: "It's late, isn't it?"
modal: can/will/should/must  o'sha: "You can drive, can't you?"
have (perfect): have/has/had  o'sha: "You've met him, haven't you?"
YORDAMCHI YO'Q (Present/Past Simple)  DO/DOES/DID:
  "You like it, don't you?"  "He works here, doesn't he?"  "She left, didn't she?"

Qoida: gapda yordamchi bormi (is, will, have, can…)? o'shani tag'da qaytar. Yo'qmi (oddiy Present/Past)? do/does/did.

3.3. Maxsus holatlar (yodlang!)

I am  aren't I?:        I'm late, aren't I? (am'n't yo'q!)
Let's  shall we?:        Let's go, shall we?
Imperative  will you?:   Close the door, will you? / Help me, can you?
There is/are  isn't/aren't there?: There's a problem, isn't there?
this/that  it:           This is yours, isn't it?
these/those  they:        Those are nice, aren't they?

Bular — istisno shakllar, yodlab oling: aren't I, shall we, will you, isn't there.

Buyruq tag'lari — ohang farqi: buyruqdan keyingi tag iltimosni yumshatadi. will you? — neytral, biroz qat'iy (Close the door, will you?); won't you? — iliq taklif, "marhamat" (Sit down, won't you?); can you? / could you? — xushmuomala iltimos (Help me, could you?); would you? — rasmiyroq. Inkor buyruqda faqat will you?: Don't be late, will you?

3.4. Olmoshlar — everyone/someone/nothing

everyone/everybody/someone/nobody  THEY:
  Everyone's here, aren't they?    Somebody called, didn't they?
nothing/everything  IT:
  Nothing happened, did it?         Everything's ready, isn't it?

everyone/somebody (odam) they; nothing/everything (narsa) it.

3.5. Inkor so'zlar gapni "inkor" qiladi

never, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom, no, none — gapni inkor qiladi, shuning uchun tag ijobiy:

You never call, do you?              — Hech qo'ng'iroq qilmaysiz, a? (never  ijobiy tag)
Nobody knows, do they?               — Hech kim bilmaydi, a?
There's nothing here, is there?       — Bu yerda hech narsa yo'q, a?
He hardly ever smiles, does he?       — U deyarli kulmaydi, a?

never/nobody/nothing/hardly — "yashirin inkor" — gap ijobiy ko'rinsa ham, ma'nosi inkor, tag ijobiy bo'ladi.

Mini-tekshiruv (olmosh + yashirin inkor): tag qo'shing. 1) He rarely calls, ___? 2) Nobody helped us, ___? 3) Nothing got broken, ___? 4) Somebody left the light on, ___? Javob: 1) does he? (rarely = yashirin inkor ijobiy tag) · 2) did they? (nobody they; inkor ijobiy tag) · 3) did it? (nothing it; inkor ijobiy tag) · 4) didn't they? (somebody they; ijobiy inkor tag).

3.6. Ohang — falling vs rising (juda muhim!)

TUSHUVCHI ohang () = ROZILIK kutaman (haqiqiy savol emas):
  "Nice day, isn't it?" (men bilaman, siz ham rozisiz deb)
KO'TARILUVCHI ohang () = HAQIQIY savol (aniq emas):
  "You locked the door, didn't you?" (rostdan bilmayman — so'rayman)

Ohang ma'noni o'zgartiradi: tushuvchi () — "shunday-ku?" (rozilik kutaman, small talk). Ko'tariluvchi () — "rostdan-mi?" (haqiqiy savol, ishonchsizlik). Bir xil so'zlar, ikki xil ma'no!

3.7. same-way tags (hayrat/qiziqish)

"So you're the new manager, are you?" (ijobiy  ijobiy — qiziqish/hayrat/kinoya)

Ba'zan ikki ijobiy — hayrat, qiziqish yoki kinoya ("demak, siz…ekansiz-da?"). Bu — ilg'or, ehtiyot bilan ishlating.

3.8. Tag'ga qanday javob berish — "Yes/No" tuzog'i

Question tag'ga javob faktga qarab beriladi, tag'ning ijobiy yoki inkorligiga emas. Bu — o'zbeklar uchun katta tuzoq: o'zbekchada "ha/yo'q" savolning shakliga moslashadi, inglizchada esa doim haqiqatga moslashadi.

Fakt: kelasiz      "You're coming, aren't you?"   — Yes, I am.
Fakt: kelasiz      "You aren't coming, are you?"  — Yes, I am.   (inkor savolga ham "Yes"!)
Fakt: kelmaysiz    "You're coming, aren't you?"   — No, I'm not.
Fakt: kelmaysiz    "You aren't coming, are you?"  — No, I'm not.

Diqqat: ko'rib turganingizdek, javob (Yes/No) faqat faktga bog'liq — tag qanday bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, kelsangiz Yes, kelmasangiz No. O'zbekcha mantiq — "Kelmaysiz-a?" "Ha (kelmayman)" — inglizchada ishlamaydi: u yerda javob "No, I'm not." bo'ladi. Shuning uchun avval faktni ("kelaman"/"kelmayman") o'ylang, keyin Yes/No qo'ying.

4. Misollar (turlari bo'yicha)

to be: You're Aziz, aren't you? / It wasn't easy, was it?
do: You know him, don't you? / She didn't call, did she?
modal: You can come, can't you? / He won't mind, will he?
have: You've finished, haven't you? / They haven't left, have they?
maxsus: I'm right, aren't I? / Let's start, shall we? / Sit down, will you?
inkor so'z: You never listen, do you? / Nobody came, did they?

5. Talaffuz / ohang bo'limi

isn't it  "iznit"   don't you  "dountyu" / "dounchu"
aren't you  "a:ntyu"   won't you  "wountyu"
"isn't it?" (rozilik)   "isn't it?" (savol)

Native siri: tag tez aytiladi va bog'lanadi: "isn't it" "iznit", "don't you" "dounchu". Ohang — eng muhimi: rozilik () yoki savol (). Small talk'da doim .

Topshiriq (shadowing): "Nice day, isn't it? You're coming, aren't you? You didn't see it, did you?" ni ayting; ohangni farqlang — dastlabki ikkitasi tushuvchi (rozilik kutish), uchinchisi ko'tariluvchi (haqiqiy savol).

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• Nice weather, isn't it? — small talk boshlash.
• You couldn't help me, could you? — xushmuomala iltimos.
• That's right, isn't it? — tasdiqlash.
• …, right? — oddiy, norasmiy tag.
• I told you so, didn't I? — "Aytdim-ku?"

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — small talk va tasdiqlash (question tags):

A: Lovely morning, isn't it? — Ajoyib tong, shundaymi?
B: It is, yeah. You're new here, aren't you? — Ha, shunday. Bu yerda yangisiz, shundaymi?
A: I am, actually. I started last week. You work in design, don't you? — Ha, aslida. O'tgan hafta boshladim. Siz dizaynda ishlaysiz, a?
B: That's right. You've met the team already, haven't you? — To'g'ri. Jamoa bilan tanishdingiz, shundaymi?
A: Most of them. The manager isn't in today, is she? — Ko'pchiligi bilan. Menejer bugun yo'q, shundaymi?
B: No, she's off. You'll come to the lunch on Friday, won't you? — Yo'q, dam olyapti. Jumadagi tushlikka kelasiz, a?
A: I'd love to. It's a good way to meet everyone, isn't it? — Xursandchilik bilan. Hamma bilan tanishishning yaxshi yo'li, shundaymi?
B: Exactly. Let's grab a coffee first, shall we? — Aynan. Avval kofe ichaylik, a?

O'qish matni — "We've all done it, haven't we?" (tanish his — tags):

We've all sent a message to the wrong person, haven't we? — Hammamiz noto'g'ri odamga xabar yuborganmiz, shundaymi?
And we've all said "you too" when a waiter says "enjoy your meal," haven't we? — Va ofitsiant "yoqimli ishtaha" deganda "sizga ham" deganmiz, a?
It's a bit embarrassing, isn't it? But everybody does it, don't they? — Biroz uyatli, shundaymi? Lekin hamma shunday qiladi, a?
Nobody is perfect, are they? We all make small mistakes. — Hech kim mukammal emas, shundaymi? Hammamiz mayda xato qilamiz.
The important thing is to laugh at ourselves, isn't it? — Muhimi — o'zimizdan kulish, shundaymi?
After all, life would be boring if we never made mistakes, wouldn't it? — Axir, hech xato qilmasak, hayot zerikarli bo'lardi, a?
So next time you slip up, just smile — we've all been there, haven't we? — Shuning uchun keyingi safar xato qilsangiz, jilmaying — hammamiz boshimizdan o'tkazganmiz, shundaymi?

Topshiriq: matnda har question tag'ni belgilang; gap ijobiymi/inkormi, tag teskarimi? So'ng 6 ta o'z gapingizni question tag bilan yozing (rozilik so'rash — ohang).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Tag ijobiy/inkor mos emas: You're tired, are you? (ijobiy gap + ijobiy tag). You're tired, aren't you? (ijobiy gap inkor tag).

• am'nt I (aren't I o'rniga): I'm late, amn't I? I'm late, aren't I? (I am aren't I — istisno).

• Yordamchi noto'g'ri: You like it, isn't it? (do kerak). You like it, don't you? (oddiy Present do).

• never/nobody bilan inkor tag: You never call, don't you? You never call, do you? (never = inkor ijobiy tag).

• olmosh noto'g'ri: Everyone's here, isn't he? Everyone's here, aren't they? (everyone they).

• javobda Yes/No chalkash: "You aren't ready, are you?" — "Yes" (tayyor emasligini nazarda tutib "ha" deb). Tayyor emas bo'lsangiz "No, I'm not."; tayyor bo'lsangiz "Yes, I am." Javob faktga qarab (3.8-bandga qarang).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. To'g'ri tag qo'shing:

1. It's cold today, ___ ?
2. You don't smoke, ___ ?
3. She can drive, ___ ?
4. They've arrived, ___ ?
5. He won't mind, ___ ?

Mashq 2. Maxsus holatlar:

1. I'm right, ___ ?
2. Let's go, ___ ?
3. Open the window, ___ ?
4. There's a problem, ___ ?

Mashq 3. Inkor so'z / olmosh:

1. You never listen, ___ ?
2. Nobody phoned, ___ ?
3. Everyone enjoyed it, ___ ?
4. Nothing's wrong, ___ ?

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: You're happy, are you?, I'm next, amn't I?, You like it, isn't it?, You never call, don't you?, Everyone's ready, isn't he?

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga (tag bilan):

1. Sovuq, shundaymi? = ___
2. Kofeni yoqtirasiz, a? = ___
3. U yo'q, shundaymi? = ___
4. Yordam berasiz, a? = ___
5. Hech qo'ng'iroq qilmaysiz, a? = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — tag qo'shing:

"It's a nice day."  "It's a nice day, isn't it?"
"You work here."  "You work here, ___ ?"
"She didn't come."  "She didn't come, ___ ?"

Drill B — small talk ( rozilik):

"The weather's lovely, ___ ?" "This coffee is great, ___ ?"

Drill C — o'z gaplaringiz: Atrofingizdagi narsalar haqida 4 ta tag-li gap ayting (ob-havo, joy, odam).

Model javoblar (Drill A): You work here, don't you? She didn't come, did she? So'ng 5 ta question tag-li gap (rozilik ) ayting va o'zingizni yozib tekshiring: har birida gap ijobiymi/inkormi, tag teskarimi va yordamchi to'g'ri tanlanganmi?

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. isn't it · 2. do you · 3. can't she · 4. haven't they · 5. will he. Mashq 2: 1. aren't I · 2. shall we · 3. will you (can you / won't you) · 4. isn't there. Mashq 3: 1. do you · 2. did they · 3. didn't they · 4. is it. Mashq 4: You're happy, aren't you? / I'm next, aren't I? / You like it, don't you? / You never call, do you? / Everyone's ready, aren't they? Mashq 5: 1. It's cold, isn't it? · 2. You like coffee, don't you? · 3. She isn't here, is she? · 4. You'll help me, won't you? · 5. You never call, do you?

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Question tag = gap oxirida kichik savol (..., isn't it?)
  IJOBIY gap  INKOR tag: You're tired, aren't you?
  INKOR gap  IJOBIY tag: You aren't tired, are you?
  yordamchi (is/will/have/can) qaytadi; yo'q bo'lsa  do/does/did
  MAXSUS: I am  aren't I | Let's  shall we | buyruq  will you | there is  isn't there
  olmosh: everyone/somebody  they | nothing/everything  it
  never/nobody/hardly = inkor  IJOBIY tag (You never call, do you?)
  OHANG:  rozilik (small talk) |  haqiqiy savol

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Ijobiy gap inkor tag (va aksincha).
2. Yordamchi qaytadi; yo'q bo'lsa do/does/did.
3. Maxsus: aren't I, shall we, will you, isn't there.
4. never/nobody — inkor ijobiy tag.
5. Ohang: rozilik · savol.

Bog'lanish: question tags — so'zlashuv ohangining muhim qismi. Keyingi dars embedded (indirect) questions — xushmuomala/bilvosita savollar: "Could you tell me where…?" — bu reported questions (B1-16) bilan bir mantiq (so'z tartibi). So'ng used to/would (o'tmish odatlari).

Keyingi dars — B1 — 25-dars: Indirect / embedded questions. Xushmuomala savol: "Do you know what time it is?" "Could you tell me where the station is?" — savolni yumshoq, bilvosita so'rash.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (question tags, Unit 51); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (question tags; intonation); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Question tags".