B1 — 11-dars: Conditionals review (0 / 1 / 2) + unless / as long as / in case

B1 — O'RTA · 11-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda uchta shartli gapni (Zero, First, Second) yonma-yon ko'rib, ularni aniq ajratamiz va mustahkamlaymiz. Hamda if ning muqobil bog'lovchilarini o'rganamiz: unless (…masa), as long as / provided that (…sa, faqat shu shart bilan), in case (ehtiyot uchun), even if (…sa ham).

Water boils if you heat it. (Suvni qizdirsangiz, qaynaydi — 0.) If it rains, I'll stay home. (Yomg'ir yog'sa, uyda qolaman — 1.) If I were rich, I'd travel. (Boy bo'lsam, sayohat qilardim — 2.) I won't go unless you come. (Siz kelmasangiz, bormayman.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Shartli gaplar — fikr, reja, maslahat, qoidada doim uchraydi; uchalasini chalkashtirmaslik muhim.
• unless, as long as, in case — kundalik va rasmiy nutqda juda ko'p ("Take an umbrella in case it rains.").

Asosiy tushuncha — uch shart, uch "haqiqat darajasi": shartli gaplar vaziyat qanchalik real ekaniga qarab farqlanadi:

• Zero (0): doimiy haqiqat / qonun (har doim shunday): If you heat ice, it melts.
• First (1): real, mumkin kelajak (ehtimoliy): If it rains, I'll stay.
• Second (2): noreal/xayoliy hozir-kelajak: If I won, I'd travel.

Tartib: 0 (har doim rost) 1 (bo'lishi mumkin) 2 (xayol). Har biri if-clause + natija dan iborat, lekin zamonlar farq qiladi.

O'xshatish: uch shart — uch "ob-havo bashorati": 0 = "qonun" (suv 100°C da qaynaydi — doim). 1 = "bugun yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin" (real ehtimol). 2 = "agar osmon yashil bo'lganida" (xayol). Bir xil shakl (if), boshqa reallik.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• A2-28 (Zero & First): If + Present + Present/will. Bugun review.
• B1-10 (Second): If + Past + would. Bugun taqqoslashda.
• A2-19 (bog'lovchilar): because, so, although. Bugun — unless, as long as, in case.
• B1-9 (when + Present): vaqt ergash gaplari — if bilan bog'liq.
• Tez mashq: 0/1/2? "If you mix red and blue, you ___ purple" (get — 0); "If I see her, I'll ___" (1); "If I were you, I'd ___" (2).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Uch shartli gap — yonma-yon (asosiy jadval)

0: If you don't water plants, they die.        — Sug'ormasangiz, o'simliklar nobud bo'ladi. (qonun)
1: If you don't water the plants, they'll die. — Sug'ormasangiz, nobud bo'ladi. (shu o'simliklar — kelajak)
2: If you didn't water them, they would die.    — Sug'ormasangiz edi, nobud bo'lardi. (xayoliy)

Farqni his qiling: 0 — umumiy qonun (har doim); 1 — aniq, real kelajak (ehtimoliy); 2 — xayol (hozir bunday emas).

Qaysi qachon? (kontekstga qarab tanlash): ko'pincha bitta vaziyatni uch xil aytish mumkin — farq so'zlovchining munosabatida (vaziyat qanchalik real?):

• Bu doimiy, muqarrar natijami? Zero (If you don't eat, you get hungry. — har doim shunday).
• Bu aniq, ehtimoli yuqori kelajak (reja, ogohlantirish)mi? First (If you don't eat, you'll get hungry. — bugun, shu holat).
• Bu xayoliy yoki ehtimoli past (faraz, maslahat)mi? Second (If you didn't eat, you'd get hungry. — hozir bunday emas).

Amaliy savol: "Bu — qonunmi (0), bo'lishi mumkinmi (1), yoki xayolmi (2)?" — javob shaklni tanlaydi. Masalan, do'stingizga real reja aytsangiz — 1 (If I get the job, I'll move to Tashkent); lotereya kabi ehtimoli past narsa — 2 (If I won the lottery, I'd buy a house).

3.2. Zero conditional — doimiy haqiqat (if = when/whenever)

Har doim rost bo'lgan narsalar (tabiat qonuni, qoida, odat):

If you press this button, the machine starts.   — Bu tugmani bossangiz, mashina ishga tushadi.
Ice melts if you heat it.                         — Muz qizdirsangiz eriydi.
If I drink coffee at night, I can't sleep.        — Kechqurun kofe ichsam, uxlay olmayman.

if = when (0 da): Zero conditional'da if ≈ when/whenever (har safar): "If/When you heat ice, it melts." (First'da esa if ≠ when: if — ehtimol, when — aniq bo'ladi.)

3.3. First conditional — real kelajak (qisqa review)

If + Present, will/can/may/imperative + V1:
  If you study, you'll pass.
  If you see Tom, tell him to call me. (imperative natijada)
  If it's sunny, we might go to the beach. (might natijada)

will o'rniga can/may/might/should/imperative ham natijada (A2-28).

3.4. Second conditional — xayoliy (qisqa review, B1-10)

If + Past Simple, would/could/might + V1:
  If I had wings, I'd fly. | If I were you, I'd rest.

3.5. unless = "if … not" (…masa)

unless = if … not (agar … bo'lmasa):

I won't go unless you come.        = I won't go if you don't come.   — Siz kelmasangiz, bormayman.
Unless it rains, we'll play outside. = If it doesn't rain, we'll play outside. — Yomg'ir yog'masa, tashqarida o'ynaymiz.
Unless you hurry, you'll be late.   = If you don't hurry, you'll be late.  — Shoshilmasangiz, kechikasiz.
You'll fail unless you study.       = ...if you don't study.        — O'qimasangiz, yiqilasiz.

unless ichida inkor YO'Q: unless o'zi "…masa" degani — ichida yana not qo'ymang: "unless you don't come" () "unless you come" ().

3.6. as long as / so long as / provided that / providing — "faqat shu shart bilan"

Shartni ta'kidlaydi ("…sa, faqat o'shanda"):

You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully. — Ehtiyot bo'lib haydasangiz, mashinamni olsangiz bo'ladi.
I'll help you, provided (that) you help me too.        — Siz ham yordam bersangiz, men ham yordam beraman.
Providing the weather is good, we'll go hiking.        — Ob-havo yaxshi bo'lsa, sayohatga chiqamiz.

as long as / provided that / providing = "faqat shu shart bajarilsa". Kuchli shart. (Ulardan keyin ham Present — will emas.)

3.7. in case — "ehtiyot uchun" (if EMAS!)

in case = "…bo'lishi ehtimoliga qarshi, ehtiyot uchun" — oldindan tayyorlik:

Take an umbrella in case it rains.        — Yomg'ir yog'ishi ehtimoliga qarshi soyabon oling.
I'll write it down in case I forget.       — Unutishim ehtimoliga qarshi yozib qo'yaman.
Save your work often in case the computer crashes. — Kompyuter o'chishi ehtimoliga qarshi tez-tez saqlang.

in case ≠ if (juda muhim farq!):

• if it rains = agar yog'sa (yog'gandan keyin harakat): "I'll take an umbrella if it rains" (yog'sa, olaman).
• in case it rains = ehtiyot uchun, OLDIN (yog'maganda ham olaman): "I'll take an umbrella in case it rains" (har ehtimolga qarshi, hozir olaman). in case dan keyin Present (will emas): "in case it rains" (NOT "in case it will rain").

3.8. even if — "…sa ham" (shart natijani o'zgartmaydi)

Even if it rains, we'll go.        — Yomg'ir yog'sa ham, boramiz.
I wouldn't sell it even if you paid me double. — Ikki barobar to'lasangiz ham sotmasdim.

3.9. Vergul qoidasi (if oldinda vergul)

Shart gap oldinda kelsa, shart va bosh gap orasiga vergul qo'yiladi. Bosh gap oldinda kelsa, vergul qo'yilmaydi. Bu qoida if, unless, as long as, in case, even if — barcha shart bog'lovchilariga birdek amal qiladi.

If it rains, I'll stay home.        — vergul BOR (if oldinda)
I'll stay home if it rains.         — vergul YO'Q (if keyinda)
Unless you hurry, you'll be late.   — vergul BOR
You'll be late unless you hurry.    — vergul YO'Q

Oddiy qoida: shart bilan boshlangan gap — vergul bilan; shart gap o'rtaga yoki oxirga tushsa — vergulsiz. (O'zbek tilida ham shunga o'xshash: "Yomg'ir yog'sa, qolaman" — vergul; "Yomg'ir yog'sa qolaman" o'rtada.)

3.10. Aralash shartli gap (qisqa kirish — to'lig'i B2 da)

Ba'zan shart bir zamonga, natija boshqa zamonga tegishli bo'ladi — shunda ikki tur "aralashadi". Eng ko'p uchraydigani: o'tmishdagi shart hozirgi natija:

If I had studied medicine, I'd be a doctor now. — Tibbiyotni o'qiganimda edi, hozir shifokor bo'lardim.
   (o'tmish sharti: had + V3    hozirgi natija: would + V1)

Bu aralash (mixed) conditional — o'tmish sababi bilan hozirgi natijani bog'laydi. To'liq shakli (3rd conditional bilan birga) B2 darsida. Hozircha shuni his qilib qo'ying: shart va natija har doim ham bir zamonda bo'lishi shart emas.

4. Misollar (turlari aralash)

0: If you don't sleep enough, you feel tired. — Yetarlicha uxlamasangiz, charchaysiz.
1: If I finish early, I'll call you.           — Erta tugatsam, qo'ng'iroq qilaman.
2: If I spoke French, I'd live in Paris.        — Fransuzcha bilsam, Parijda yashardim.
unless: Don't wake me unless it's urgent.       — Shoshilinch bo'lmasa, meni uyg'otmang.
as long as: You can stay as long as you're quiet. — Tinch tursangiz, qolsangiz bo'ladi.
in case: Bring a jacket in case it gets cold.    — Sovuq bo'lishi ehtimoliga qarshi kurtka oling.
0: If the alarm goes off, everyone leaves the building. — Signal chalinsa, hamma binoni tark etadi.
1: If we leave now, we'll catch the train.             — Hozir chiqsak, poyezdga ulguramiz.
2: If I knew her number, I'd call her.                  — Raqamini bilsam, unga qo'ng'iroq qilardim.
provided: I'll sign the contract provided the price is fair. — Narx odilona bo'lsa, shartnomani imzolayman.
even if: Even if we lose, we'll be proud of the team.   — Yutqazsak ham, jamoadan faxrlanamiz.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

unless /ənˈles/ "ənles"   as long as /əz ˈlɒŋ əz/ "əz-loŋ-əz"
in case /ɪn ˈkeɪs/ "in-keys"   provided /prəˈvaɪdɪd/ "prəvaydid"
even if /ˈiːvən ɪf/ "i:vən-if"

Native siri: unless — urg'u "LESS" da. in case — bitta bo'lib "in-keys". if gapda zaif: "if it rains" "if-it-reynz" (tez).

Topshiriq (shadowing): "unless you come, as long as you're careful, in case it rains, even if it's hard" ni ayting. Onlayn talaffuz misollarida "unless you", "in case" iboralarini tinglab, ohangiga taqlid qiling.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• …unless something goes wrong. — "…biror narsa noto'g'ri ketmasa."
• Just in case. — "Har ehtimolga qarshi."
• As long as you're happy. — "Faqat baxtli bo'lsangiz bo'ldi."
• …even if it kills me. — "…o'lsam ham (qilaman)."
• Take it, just in case. — "Har ehtimolga qarshi, olib qo'ying."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — sayohat tayyorgarligi (conditionals aralash):

A: We're leaving early tomorrow. If we don't set off by 6, we'll hit traffic. — Ertaga erta chiqamiz. 6 gacha jo'namasak, tirbandlikka tushamiz. (1)
B: OK. I'll set an alarm in case I oversleep. — Mayli. Uxlab qolishim ehtimoliga qarshi budilnik qo'yaman. (in case)
A: Good. And bring warm clothes — it gets cold in the mountains at night. — Yaxshi. Issiq kiyim ol — tog'da kechasi sovuq bo'ladi. (0)
B: Will do. Should I bring my passport? — Bo'ladi. Pasportimni olaymi?
A: Yes, bring it just in case. You never know. — Ha, har ehtimolga qarshi ol. Bilib bo'lmaydi.
B: If I were you, I'd check the weather before we go. — Sening o'rningda bo'lsam, ketishdan oldin ob-havoni tekshirardim. (2)
A: Good idea. As long as it doesn't snow, we'll be fine. — Yaxshi fikr. Qor yog'masa, hammasi joyida bo'ladi. (as long as)
B: And even if it does, the trip will still be fun! — Yog'sa ham, sayohat baribir qiziqarli bo'ladi! (even if)

O'qish matni — "Rules for a happy team" (qoidalar — 0 + bog'lovchilar):

A good team works well if everyone respects each other. — Yaxshi jamoa, hamma bir-birini hurmat qilsa, yaxshi ishlaydi. (0)
Problems get solved faster as long as people talk openly. — Odamlar ochiq gaplashsa, muammolar tezroq hal bo'ladi. (as long as)
Unless you ask for help, no one will know you're struggling. — Yordam so'ramasangiz, hech kim qiynalayotganingizni bilmaydi. (unless)
It's wise to write down decisions in case someone forgets. — Kimdir unutishi ehtimoliga qarshi qarorlarni yozib qo'yish oqilona. (in case)
Even if a project fails, a good team learns from it. — Loyiha muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lsa ham, yaxshi jamoa undan saboq oladi. (even if)
And if I had to give one rule, it would be this: be kind. — Va bitta qoida berishim kerak bo'lsa, bu shunday bo'lardi: mehribon bo'ling. (2)

Topshiriq: matnda har shartli gap turini (0/1/2/unless/as long as/in case) belgilang. So'ng o'z hayotingiz/ishingiz uchun 5 ta qoida yozing (turli shartli gaplar bilan).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• unless ichida inkor: Unless you don't come, I won't go. Unless you come, I won't go. (unless = "…masa", ichida not yo'q).

• in case + will: in case it will rain. in case it rains. (in case + Present).

• in case = if deb ishlatish: "I'll take an umbrella in case it rains" — bu "ehtiyot uchun" (to'g'ri), lekin "In case it rains, I won't go" (= if ma'noda) — noto'g'ri. if (shartli natija) vs in case (ehtiyot/oldindan tayyorlik) — farqni ayiring.

• as long as / provided + will: as long as you will be careful. as long as you are careful. (+ Present).

• 0/1/2 aralash: "If you will heat ice, it melts" / "If I will have time, I'd help." If you heat ice, it melts (0); If I had time, I'd help (2).

• if gapida would/will (o'zbekcha "…sa edi/…sa"ni ikkala tomonga qo'yish): If I would have time, I'd help. / If it will rain, we'll stay home. If I had time, I'd help (2); If it rains, we'll stay home (1). if dan keyingi (shart) qismda hech qachon would/will kelmaydi — u faqat natija qismida bo'ladi.

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. 0, 1 yoki 2? To'g'ri shaklni qo'ying:

1. If you ___ (mix) blue and yellow, you ___ (get) green. (0)
2. If it ___ (be) sunny tomorrow, we ___ (go) to the park. (1)
3. If I ___ (have) more time, I ___ (learn) to paint. (2)
4. Water ___ (freeze) if the temperature ___ (drop) below zero. (0)

Mashq 2. unless bilan qayta yozing:

1. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.  You'll miss the bus unless ___ .
2. I won't come if you don't invite me.  I won't come unless ___ .

Mashq 3. in case yoki if?

1. Take some water ___ you get thirsty. (ehtiyot uchun)
2. ___ you get thirsty, drink some water. (shartli natija)
3. Save your work ___ the power goes off. (ehtiyot uchun)

Mashq 4. To'ldiring (as long as / provided / even if):

1. You can use my laptop ___ you don't delete anything.
2. ___ it's expensive, I'm going to buy it.
3. I'll lend you the money ___ you pay it back next week.

Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang: Unless you don't come, I won't go., Take an umbrella in case it will rain., If you will heat ice, it melts., As long as you will be careful, it's fine.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Shoshilmasangiz, avtobusni o'tkazib yuborasiz. (unless) = ___
2. Yomg'ir yog'ishi ehtiyotiga qarshi soyabon oling. = ___
3. Muzni qizdirsangiz, eriydi. = ___
4. Ehtiyot bo'lsangiz, mashinamni olsangiz bo'ladi. = ___
5. Yomg'ir yog'sa ham, boramiz. = ___

Mashq 7. Kontekstli — bo'sh joyga if, unless, in case, as long as, even if dan mosini qo'ying (Anvar tog'ga sayohatga tayyorlanmoqda):

1. I'll take a map ___ I get lost.            (ehtiyot uchun)
2. ___ the weather is good, we'll reach the top. (faqat shu shart bilan)
3. We won't start ___ everyone is ready.       (…masa)
4. ___ it's tiring, the view will be worth it.  (…sa ham)
5. I'll call you ___ I arrive safely.           (real kelajak sharti)

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — 0/1/2 ni ayting:

(0: heat ice)  "If you heat ice, it melts."
(1: rain tomorrow)  "If it rains tomorrow, I'll ___ ."
(2: be rich)  "If I were rich, I'd ___ ."

Drill B — unless/in case/as long as:

"I won't go unless ___ ."
"Take ___ in case ___ ."
"You can ___ as long as ___ ."

Drill C — o'z qoidalaringiz:

"At work, things go well as long as ___ ."
"I always ___ in case ___ ."

Model javoblar (Drill B): I won't go unless you come with me. Take a charger in case your phone dies. You can borrow it as long as you return it. So'ng turli shartli gaplar bilan 5 gap (qoida/reja/maslahat) ayting va har birida shart turini (0/1/2/unless/in case…) o'zingiz aniqlab, tekshirib chiqing.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. mix / get · 2. is / 'll go · 3. had / would learn · 4. freezes / drops. Mashq 2: 1. unless you hurry · 2. unless you invite me. Mashq 3: 1. in case · 2. If · 3. in case. Mashq 4: 1. as long as · 2. Even if · 3. provided (that). Mashq 5: Unless you come, I won't go. / Take an umbrella in case it rains. / If you heat ice, it melts. / As long as you are careful, it's fine. Mashq 6: 1. You'll miss the bus unless you hurry. · 2. Take an umbrella in case it rains. · 3. If you heat ice, it melts. · 4. You can borrow my car as long as you're careful. · 5. Even if it rains, we'll go. Mashq 7: 1. in case · 2. As long as · 3. unless · 4. Even if · 5. if (when ham bo'ladi — xavfsiz yetib borish real kelajak).

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

0 ZERO: doimiy haqiqat — If + Present, Present (If you heat ice, it melts)
1 FIRST: real kelajak — If + Present, will + V1 (If it rains, I'll stay)
2 SECOND: xayoliy — If + Past, would + V1 (If I won, I'd travel)
unless = if...not (…masa): I won't go unless you come (ichida not YO'Q)
as long as / provided (that) = faqat shu shart bilan (+ Present)
in case = ehtiyot uchun, OLDIN (≠ if!) (+ Present): umbrella in case it rains
even if = …sa ham
 if/in case/unless dan keyin will EMAS — Present

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. 0 (qonun) · 1 (real kelajak) · 2 (xayol) — reallik darajasi farqi.
2. unless = "…masa" (ichida not yo'q).
3. as long as / provided = "faqat shu shart bilan".
4. in case = "ehtiyot uchun, oldindan" (≠ if!).
5. if/unless/in case + Present (will emas).

Bog'lanish: shartli gaplar (0/1/2) endi to'liq. Keyingi dars I wish / if only — Second conditional bilan bog'liq afsus shakli ("I wish I had more time" — vaqtim yo'qligidan afsus). 3-conditional (o'tmish afsusi: "If I had known…") — B2 da. I wish — uning hozirgi/his varianti.

Keyingi dars — B1 — 12-dars: I wish / if only. "Koshki, afsus" — hozirgi holatdan yoki o'tmishdan afsus: "I wish I were taller." "I wish I hadn't said that."

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (conditionals, Units 38–40; unless/as long as/in case Unit 115); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (conditionals; unless; in case); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Conditionals".