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Ingliz tili kursi/B1 Orta15 daqiqa

B1 — 33-dars: Verb + preposition / Adjective + preposition (kollokatsiyalar)

B1 — O'RTA · 33-dars


1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda kollokatsiyalarni o'rganasiz — qaysi fe'l yoki sifat qaysi predlog bilan keladi: depend on, afraid of, good at, listen to. Bular qat'iy juftliklar — predlog tasodifiy emas, har fe'l/sifat o'z predlogini "talab qiladi".

It depends on the weather. (Bu ob-havoga bog'liq.) I'm afraid of spiders. (O'rgimchaklardan qo'rqaman.) She's good at maths. (U matematikada zo'r.) Listen to me! (Meni eshiting!)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

  • Har gapda: ingliz tilida fe'l/sifatdan keyin to'g'ri predlog kerak — "listen music" () "listen to music" ().
  • Eng ko'p xato: o'zbek/rus predloglar boshqacha noto'g'ri predlog ("depend from" — ruscha kalka).
  • Tabiiylik: to'g'ri kollokatsiya — native ohangning belgisi.

Asosiy tushuncha — qat'iy juftlik (yodlash): ko'p fe'l va sifat ma'lum bir predlog bilan "bog'lab" qo'yilgan — bu mantiq emas, balki odat (yodlash). "depend" doim "on" bilan, "afraid" doim "of" bilan. Eng yaxshi usul — fe'l/sifatni predlog bilan birga (depend on, good at) yodlash, alohida emas.

O'xshatish: kollokatsiya — "doimiy sherik": dependon siz yurmaydi, afraidof siz yurmaydi. Ular juftlik (xuddi "tuz va qalampir" kabi). Bittasini ko'rsangiz, ikkinchisi keladi. Predlogni birga yodlasangiz, xato qilmaysiz.


2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

  • B1-22 (preposition + -ing): good at swimming — predlogdan keyin -ing.
  • A1-18 (predloglar): in, on, at — joy/vaqt. Bugun — fe'l/sifat bilan.
  • B1-32 (phrasal verbs): fe'l + zarra. Bugun — fe'l + predlog (kollokatsiya).
  • A2-25 (-ed/-ing sifat): interested — predlog bilan.
  • Tez mashq: predlog ayting: depend ___ (on), good ___ (at), afraid ___ (of), listen ___ (to).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Verb + preposition — keng tarqalganlar

text
ON:  depend on, rely on, concentrate on, insist on, spend (money) on
TO:  listen to, talk to, belong to, happen to, refer to, apologize to (sb)
FOR:  wait for, look for, apply for, pay for, ask for, search for, apologize for (sth)
ABOUT:  think about, worry about, complain about, talk about, dream about
WITH:  agree with, deal with, argue with, cope with
OF:  think of, dream of, consist of, approve of, remind sb of
AT:  look at, laugh at, shout at, point at, stare at
FROM:  suffer from, recover from, borrow from, differ from, escape from
IN:  believe in, succeed in, specialize in, result in, participate in
text
It depends on the situation.        — Bu vaziyatga bog'liq.
I'm waiting for the bus.             — Avtobusni kutyapman.
Don't worry about it.                — Bu haqda tashvishlanmang.
I agree with you.                     — Sizga qo'shilaman.
She suffers from allergies.           — U allergiyadan aziyat chekadi.

Predlog tushirib qoldirmang: "listen music" () "listen to music" (); "wait the bus" () "wait for the bus" (). O'zbekda predlog yo'q, lekin inglizda shart.

Kalka EMAS — o'zbekchadan tarjima qilib bo'lmaydi. Inglizcha predlogni ma'nosiga qarab tanlash noto'g'ri: o'zbek tilida bu ma'nolar ko'pincha kelishik qo'shimchasi (…ga, …ni, …dan) bilan beriladi, inglizda esa aniq bir predlog talab qilinadi. Shuning uchun predlogni fe'l bilan birga yodlash kerak — alohida "tarjima" qilmang:

Inglizcha (to'g'ri) O'zbekcha ma'no Kalka xato ()
depend on …ga bog'liq depend from (rus "ot"dan)
listen to …ni eshitmoq listen (predlogsiz)
wait for …ni kutmoq wait (predlogsiz)
look at …ga qaramoq look to / look
belong to …ga tegishli belong (predlogsiz)
rely on …ga tayanmoq rely to
apologise for …uchun uzr so'ramoq apologise (predlogsiz)
suffer from …dan aziyat chekmoq suffer (predlogsiz)

Diqqat: o'zbekcha "…ga" doim inglizcha to emas: depend on (…ga bog'liq), listen to (…ni eshitmoq), look at (…ga qaramoq) — uchtasi ham "…ga/…ni" bilan tarjima bo'lsa-da, predloglari har xil. Mantiqni izlamang — juftlikni yodlang.

3.2. Adjective + preposition — keng tarqalganlar

text
OF:  afraid of, scared of, proud of, fond of, full of, tired of, capable of, aware of, jealous of
AT:  good at, bad at, brilliant at, hopeless at, surprised at
IN:  interested in, involved in, successful in
ABOUT:  worried about, excited about, nervous about, sorry about, happy about, curious about
WITH:  angry with (sb), pleased with, satisfied with, bored with, fed up with, familiar with
TO:  similar to, married to, kind to, used to, rude to, polite to
FOR:  responsible for, famous for, ready for, sorry for, late for, suitable for
FROM:  different from, absent from
ON:  keen on, dependent on
text
I'm interested in history.           — Tarixga qiziqaman.
She's afraid of heights.              — U balandlikdan qo'rqadi.
He's good at fixing things.           — U narsalarni tuzatishda zo'r.
I'm worried about the exam.           — Imtihondan tashvishlanyapman.
We're proud of you.                   — Sizdan faxrlanamiz.

Yana keng ishlatiladigan sifat + predlog juftliklari (misol bilan):

text
He's responsible for the whole team.  — U butun jamoa uchun mas'ul.
She's capable of amazing things.       — U ajoyib ishlarga qodir.
Are you aware of the risks?            — Xatarlardan xabaringiz bormi?
He's a bit jealous of his brother.     — U akasidan biroz hasad qiladi.
My phone is similar to yours.          — Telefonim siznikiga o'xshaydi.
Italy is famous for its food.          — Italiya taomlari bilan mashhur.
I'm really keen on photography.        — Fotografiyaga juda qiziqaman.

Eslatma: ma'nosi yaqin sifatlar bir xil predlog oladi: qo'rquv/his — afraid of, scared of, frightened of; mahorat — good/bad/brilliant/hopeless at; qiziqish — interested in, keen on. Guruh bo'lib yodlansa, oson.

3.3. angry/sorry — predlog odamga vs narsaga

text
angry WITH (odam) / angry ABOUT (narsa):
  I'm angry with him. / I'm angry about the delay.
sorry FOR/ABOUT (narsa) / sorry FOR (odam — achinish):
  I'm sorry about the mistake. / I feel sorry for them.
shout AT (odam) / shout (umuman):  Don't shout at me!

Ba'zi sifat/fe'l odam va narsa uchun boshqa predlog oladi: angry with somebody / angry about something.

3.4. Predlogdan keyin — har doim -ing (B1-22 takror)

Kollokatsiyadan keyin fe'l -ing:

text
interested in learning, good at swimming, afraid of failing,
tired of waiting, think about leaving, insist on paying, apologize for being late
text
I'm thinking about changing jobs.    — Ish o'zgartirishni o'ylyapman.
She's good at solving problems.       — U muammo yechishda zo'r.

3.5. Eng ko'p xato — o'zbek/rus kalka predloglar

text
 depend ON (NOT "depend from" — rus "zaviset ot")
 listen TO (NOT "listen" — o'zbek "eshitmoq")
 married TO (NOT "married with" — rus "jenat na")
 different FROM (NOT "different of/than")
 good AT (NOT "good in")
 afraid OF (NOT "afraid from")

Eng muhim: rus/o'zbek tilidagi predlog bilan mos kelmaydi — har birini inglizcha to'g'ri predlog bilan yodlang.

3.6. Bir fe'l — turli predlog, turli ma'no

text
think of/about — o'ylamoq:  What do you think of it? (fikr) / I'm thinking about it. (jarayon)
look at (qaramoq) / look for (qidirmoq) / look after (qaramoq-parvarish) / look forward to (kutmoq)
agree with (odam) / agree on (kelishuv) / agree to (rozi bo'lmoq)

Predlog ma'noni o'zgartiradi — good atgood for. Bir xil so'z + boshqa predlog = butunlay boshqa ma'no. Bu yerda predlogni "his qilib" tanlab bo'lmaydi — ma'noni bilish shart:

text
good AT (mahoratli):   She's good at maths.         — U matematikada uddaburon.
good FOR (foydali):    Milk is good for you.        — Sut sog'liq uchun foydali.
care ABOUT (muhim):    I care about the planet.     — Sayyora men uchun muhim.
care FOR (parvarish):  She cares for her patients.  — U bemorlarini parvarishlaydi.

Tez tekshiruv (mini-mashq). Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring, so'ng javob bilan solishtiring:

  1. It depends ___ the weather. — 2. I'm afraid ___ dogs. — 3. She's good ___ singing. — 4. He applied ___ a new job. — 5. This is different ___ that.

Javoblar: 1. on · 2. of · 3. at · 4. for · 5. from. (Beshtasi ham o'zbekchada "…ga/…dan/…ni" bilan tarjima bo'ladi, lekin predloglari har xil — juftlikni yodlang.)


4. Misollar (predlog bo'yicha)

text
on: It depends on you. / I can rely on her.
to: Listen to this! / This belongs to me.
for: I'm waiting for you. / She applied for the job.
about: I'm worried about you. / Stop complaining about everything.
of: I'm proud of my work. / Are you afraid of the dark?
at: He's brilliant at chess. / Don't laugh at me.
in: Do you believe in luck? / I'm interested in art.

Yana misollar (ko'proq fe'l + predlog):

text
about: I really care about my family. / He keeps complaining about the noise.
with: How do you deal with stress? / I don't agree with that idea.
in: She succeeded in passing the exam. / Do you believe in yourself?
on: Stop insisting on it. / You can always rely on me.
for: I applied for a scholarship. / He apologised for being late.
to: This laptop belongs to my sister. / Please apologise to her.
from: Many students suffer from stress. / How is this different from the old one?

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

text
Predloglar ZAIF (urg'usiz): on /ən/, to /tə/, for /fə/, of /əv/, at /ət/, from /frəm/
"depend on it"  "dipend-ə-nit"   "afraid of"  "əfreyd-əv"
"good at"  "gud-ət"   "listen to"  "lisn-tə"

Native siri: kollokatsiyadagi predlog zaif va bog'lang'an: "interested in" "intrəstid-in", "afraid of" "əfreyd-əv". Urg'u fe'l/sifatda, predlog yutib yuboriladi.

Topshiriq (shadowing): "It depends on you. I'm afraid of it. Listen to me. Good at maths." jumlalarini ovoz chiqarib takrorlang; predloglarni zaif va bog'lab ayting — urg'u fe'l/sifatda, predlog yutib yuboriladi.


6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

English O'zbekcha Predlog
depend on …ga bog'liq on
listen to …ni eshitmoq to
wait for …ni kutmoq for
worried about …dan tashvishlangan about
afraid of …dan qo'rqmoq of
good at …da zo'r at
interested in …ga qiziqmoq in
married to …ga uylangan to
different from …dan farqli from
proud of …dan faxrlanmoq of

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

  • It depends. — "Vaziyatga qarab."
  • I'm proud of you. — "Sizdan faxrlanaman."
  • I'm fed up with it. — "To'ydim bundan."
  • What are you afraid of? — "Nimadan qo'rqasiz?"
  • That reminds me of… — "Bu menga …ni eslatdi."
  • I'm not familiar with it. — "Bunga tanish emasman."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — suhbat (collocations):

text
A: What are you so worried about? — Nimadan bunchalik tashvishlanyapsan?
B: I applied for a new job, and I'm waiting for their reply. — Yangi ishga ariza berdim va javobini kutyapman.
A: Oh, exciting! What's the job? — Voy, qiziq! Qanaqa ish?
B: It depends on a few things, but it's in design. I'm really interested in that field. — Bir necha narsaga bog'liq, lekin dizayn sohasida. Bu sohaga juda qiziqaman.
A: You're good at design, so you should be proud of yourself for trying. — Sen dizaynda zo'rsan, shuning uchun urinib ko'rganing uchun o'zingdan faxrlanishing kerak.
B: Thanks. I'm just afraid of being rejected, to be honest. — Rahmat. Rostini aytsam, rad etilishdan qo'rqaman.
A: Everyone is. But don't worry about things you can't control. — Hamma shunday. Lekin nazorat qila olmaydigan narsalardan tashvishlanma.
B: You're right. I'll focus on what I can do and stop complaining about the rest. — Haqsan. Qo'limdan kelganiga e'tibor qarataman va qolganidan shikoyat qilishni to'xtataman.

O'qish matni — "What I depend on" (collocations):

text
In life, we all rely on certain things to keep us going. — Hayotda, hammamiz o'zimizni tutib turish uchun ma'lum narsalarga tayanamiz.
I depend on my family for support, and I'm proud of how close we are. — Oilamga qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun bog'liqman va qanchalik yaqinligimizdan faxrlanaman.
I'm interested in many things, but I'm especially keen on learning. — Ko'p narsaga qiziqaman, lekin ayniqsa o'rganishga ishtiyoqliman.
I used to be afraid of failure, but now I see it differently. — Ilgari muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan qo'rqardim, lekin endi unga boshqacha qarayman.
I'm not very good at relaxing, which is something I'm working on. — Dam olishda unchalik zo'r emasman, bu ustida ishlayotgan narsam.
I try not to worry about things I can't change. — O'zgartira olmaydigan narsalardan tashvishlanmaslikka harakat qilaman.
In the end, I believe in effort more than luck. — Oxir-oqibat, men omaddan ko'ra harakatga ishonaman.

Topshiriq: matnda har fe'l/sifat + predlog juftini belgilang (rely on, proud of, interested in…). So'ng o'zingiz haqingizda 6 gap yozing — kollokatsiyalar bilan (I'm good at…, I'm afraid of…, I depend on…).


8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

  • Predlog tushirib: Listen music. Wait me. I'm waiting you. Listen to music. Wait for me. (predlog shart!).

  • depend from / different than (rus/kalka): It depends from you. It depends on you. different from. (to'g'ri predlog).

  • married with / good in: She's married with him. Good in maths. married to / good at maths. (to'g'ri kollokatsiya).

  • afraid from / interested for: afraid from dogs / interested for music. afraid of dogs / interested in music.

  • Predlogdan keyin to + V1: interested in to learn. interested in learning. (predlog + -ing).


9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. To'g'ri predlogni qo'ying (verb):

1. It depends ___ you.
2. Listen ___ me!
3. I'm waiting ___ the bus.
4. Don't worry ___ it.
5. I agree ___ you.

Mashq 2. To'g'ri predlogni qo'ying (adjective):

1. I'm afraid ___ spiders.
2. She's good ___ maths.
3. I'm interested ___ art.
4. He's proud ___ his work.
5. This is different ___ that.

Mashq 3. Predlog + -ing:

1. I'm interested in ___ (learn) Spanish.
2. She's good at ___ (cook).
3. I'm thinking about ___ (change) jobs.

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: Listen music., It depends from you., Good in maths., afraid from dogs, married with her.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Bu ob-havoga bog'liq. = ___
2. O'rgimchaklardan qo'rqaman. = ___
3. U matematikada zo'r. = ___
4. Imtihondan tashvishlanyapman. = ___
5. Avtobusni kutyapman. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — predlog qo'shing:

"depend ___ "  "depend on"   "afraid ___ "  "afraid of"   "good ___ "  "good at"
"listen ___ "  "listen to"   "interested ___ "  "interested in"

Drill B — o'zingiz haqingizda:

"I'm good at ___ ." "I'm afraid of ___ ." "I'm interested in ___ ." "I'm worried about ___ ."

Drill C — to'g'ri predlog (kalka xato emas):

"It depends ___ ." (on) "I'm married ___ ." (to) "This is different ___ ." (from)

Model javoblar (Drill B): I'm good at problem-solving. I'm afraid of failure. I'm interested in technology. I'm worried about the future. So'ng 6 ta kollokatsiya bilan o'zingiz haqingizda gap tuzing va har birida predlog to'g'ri ekanini tekshirib ko'ring.


11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. on · 2. to · 3. for · 4. about · 5. with. Mashq 2: 1. of · 2. at · 3. in · 4. of · 5. from. Mashq 3: 1. learning · 2. cooking · 3. changing. Mashq 4: Listen to music. / It depends on you. / Good at maths. / afraid of dogs / married to her. Mashq 5: 1. It depends on the weather. · 2. I'm afraid of spiders. · 3. She's good at maths. · 4. I'm worried about the exam. · 5. I'm waiting for the bus.


12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

text
Verb + preposition (qat'iy juftlik):
  depend ON, listen TO, wait FOR, worry ABOUT, agree WITH, think OF/ABOUT,
  look AT, suffer FROM, believe IN, apply FOR
Adjective + preposition:
  afraid/proud/fond/tired OF | good/bad AT | interested IN |
  worried/excited/nervous ABOUT | angry WITH(odam)/ABOUT(narsa) |
  similar/married TO | responsible/famous FOR | different FROM | keen ON
predlogdan keyin -ing: interested in learning
 predlog TUSHIRMA (listen TO music); kalka EMAS (depend ON not "from")

Asosiy nuqtalar:

  1. Fe'l/sifat + predlog — qat'iy juftlik (yodlash).
  2. Predlogni birga yodlang (good at, afraid of).
  3. Predlogdan keyin -ing.
  4. Predlogni tushirib qoldirmang (listen to).
  5. Rus/o'zbek kalka emas (depend on, not "from").

Bog'lanish: kollokatsiyalar bilan B1 grammatikasi deyarli tugadi. Endi funksional va skills darslariga o'tamiz — real muloqot, yozish. Keyingi — MAXSUS dars: fikr bildirish, rozilik/e'tiroz, taklif, shikoyat (suhbat tili).

Keyingi dars — B1 — MAXSUS dars: Opinions (fikr, rozilik/e'tiroz, taklif, shikoyat). "Menimcha (I think), qo'shilaman (I agree), rozi emasman (I disagree), …chi (How about)" — munozara va suhbat tili.


Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (verb+preposition Units 130–136; adjective+preposition Unit 131); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (prepositions after verbs/adjectives); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Verbs and prepositions".

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B1 — 33-dars: Verb + preposition / Adjective + preposition (kollokatsiyalar) — Wisar