B1 — 33-dars: Verb + preposition / Adjective + preposition (kollokatsiyalar)
B1 — O'RTA · 33-dars
1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya
Bu darsda kollokatsiyalarni o'rganasiz — qaysi fe'l yoki sifat qaysi predlog bilan keladi: depend on, afraid of, good at, listen to. Bular qat'iy juftliklar — predlog tasodifiy emas, har fe'l/sifat o'z predlogini "talab qiladi".
It depends on the weather. (Bu ob-havoga bog'liq.) I'm afraid of spiders. (O'rgimchaklardan qo'rqaman.) She's good at maths. (U matematikada zo'r.) Listen to me! (Meni eshiting!)
Real hayotda nega kerak:
- Har gapda: ingliz tilida fe'l/sifatdan keyin to'g'ri predlog kerak — "listen music" () "listen to music" ().
- Eng ko'p xato: o'zbek/rus predloglar boshqacha noto'g'ri predlog ("depend from" — ruscha kalka).
- Tabiiylik: to'g'ri kollokatsiya — native ohangning belgisi.
Asosiy tushuncha — qat'iy juftlik (yodlash): ko'p fe'l va sifat ma'lum bir predlog bilan "bog'lab" qo'yilgan — bu mantiq emas, balki odat (yodlash). "depend" doim "on" bilan, "afraid" doim "of" bilan. Eng yaxshi usul — fe'l/sifatni predlog bilan birga (depend on, good at) yodlash, alohida emas.
O'xshatish: kollokatsiya — "doimiy sherik": depend — on siz yurmaydi, afraid — of siz yurmaydi. Ular juftlik (xuddi "tuz va qalampir" kabi). Bittasini ko'rsangiz, ikkinchisi keladi. Predlogni birga yodlasangiz, xato qilmaysiz.
2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)
- B1-22 (preposition + -ing): good at swimming — predlogdan keyin -ing.
- A1-18 (predloglar): in, on, at — joy/vaqt. Bugun — fe'l/sifat bilan.
- B1-32 (phrasal verbs): fe'l + zarra. Bugun — fe'l + predlog (kollokatsiya).
- A2-25 (-ed/-ing sifat): interested — predlog bilan.
- Tez mashq: predlog ayting: depend ___ (on), good ___ (at), afraid ___ (of), listen ___ (to).
3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish
3.1. Verb + preposition — keng tarqalganlar
ON: depend on, rely on, concentrate on, insist on, spend (money) on
TO: listen to, talk to, belong to, happen to, refer to, apologize to (sb)
FOR: wait for, look for, apply for, pay for, ask for, search for, apologize for (sth)
ABOUT: think about, worry about, complain about, talk about, dream about
WITH: agree with, deal with, argue with, cope with
OF: think of, dream of, consist of, approve of, remind sb of
AT: look at, laugh at, shout at, point at, stare at
FROM: suffer from, recover from, borrow from, differ from, escape from
IN: believe in, succeed in, specialize in, result in, participate inIt depends on the situation. — Bu vaziyatga bog'liq.
I'm waiting for the bus. — Avtobusni kutyapman.
Don't worry about it. — Bu haqda tashvishlanmang.
I agree with you. — Sizga qo'shilaman.
She suffers from allergies. — U allergiyadan aziyat chekadi.Predlog tushirib qoldirmang: "listen music" () "listen to music" (); "wait the bus" () "wait for the bus" (). O'zbekda predlog yo'q, lekin inglizda shart.
Kalka EMAS — o'zbekchadan tarjima qilib bo'lmaydi. Inglizcha predlogni ma'nosiga qarab tanlash noto'g'ri: o'zbek tilida bu ma'nolar ko'pincha kelishik qo'shimchasi (…ga, …ni, …dan) bilan beriladi, inglizda esa aniq bir predlog talab qilinadi. Shuning uchun predlogni fe'l bilan birga yodlash kerak — alohida "tarjima" qilmang:
| Inglizcha (to'g'ri) | O'zbekcha ma'no | Kalka xato () |
|---|---|---|
| depend on | …ga bog'liq | depend from (rus "ot"dan) |
| listen to | …ni eshitmoq | listen (predlogsiz) |
| wait for | …ni kutmoq | wait (predlogsiz) |
| look at | …ga qaramoq | look to / look |
| belong to | …ga tegishli | belong (predlogsiz) |
| rely on | …ga tayanmoq | rely to |
| apologise for | …uchun uzr so'ramoq | apologise (predlogsiz) |
| suffer from | …dan aziyat chekmoq | suffer (predlogsiz) |
Diqqat: o'zbekcha "…ga" doim inglizcha to emas: depend on (…ga bog'liq), listen to (…ni eshitmoq), look at (…ga qaramoq) — uchtasi ham "…ga/…ni" bilan tarjima bo'lsa-da, predloglari har xil. Mantiqni izlamang — juftlikni yodlang.
3.2. Adjective + preposition — keng tarqalganlar
OF: afraid of, scared of, proud of, fond of, full of, tired of, capable of, aware of, jealous of
AT: good at, bad at, brilliant at, hopeless at, surprised at
IN: interested in, involved in, successful in
ABOUT: worried about, excited about, nervous about, sorry about, happy about, curious about
WITH: angry with (sb), pleased with, satisfied with, bored with, fed up with, familiar with
TO: similar to, married to, kind to, used to, rude to, polite to
FOR: responsible for, famous for, ready for, sorry for, late for, suitable for
FROM: different from, absent from
ON: keen on, dependent onI'm interested in history. — Tarixga qiziqaman.
She's afraid of heights. — U balandlikdan qo'rqadi.
He's good at fixing things. — U narsalarni tuzatishda zo'r.
I'm worried about the exam. — Imtihondan tashvishlanyapman.
We're proud of you. — Sizdan faxrlanamiz.Yana keng ishlatiladigan sifat + predlog juftliklari (misol bilan):
He's responsible for the whole team. — U butun jamoa uchun mas'ul.
She's capable of amazing things. — U ajoyib ishlarga qodir.
Are you aware of the risks? — Xatarlardan xabaringiz bormi?
He's a bit jealous of his brother. — U akasidan biroz hasad qiladi.
My phone is similar to yours. — Telefonim siznikiga o'xshaydi.
Italy is famous for its food. — Italiya taomlari bilan mashhur.
I'm really keen on photography. — Fotografiyaga juda qiziqaman.Eslatma: ma'nosi yaqin sifatlar bir xil predlog oladi: qo'rquv/his — afraid of, scared of, frightened of; mahorat — good/bad/brilliant/hopeless at; qiziqish — interested in, keen on. Guruh bo'lib yodlansa, oson.
3.3. angry/sorry — predlog odamga vs narsaga
angry WITH (odam) / angry ABOUT (narsa):
I'm angry with him. / I'm angry about the delay.
sorry FOR/ABOUT (narsa) / sorry FOR (odam — achinish):
I'm sorry about the mistake. / I feel sorry for them.
shout AT (odam) / shout (umuman): Don't shout at me!Ba'zi sifat/fe'l odam va narsa uchun boshqa predlog oladi: angry with somebody / angry about something.
3.4. Predlogdan keyin — har doim -ing (B1-22 takror)
Kollokatsiyadan keyin fe'l -ing:
interested in learning, good at swimming, afraid of failing,
tired of waiting, think about leaving, insist on paying, apologize for being lateI'm thinking about changing jobs. — Ish o'zgartirishni o'ylyapman.
She's good at solving problems. — U muammo yechishda zo'r.3.5. Eng ko'p xato — o'zbek/rus kalka predloglar
depend ON (NOT "depend from" — rus "zaviset ot")
listen TO (NOT "listen" — o'zbek "eshitmoq")
married TO (NOT "married with" — rus "jenat na")
different FROM (NOT "different of/than")
good AT (NOT "good in")
afraid OF (NOT "afraid from")Eng muhim: rus/o'zbek tilidagi predlog bilan mos kelmaydi — har birini inglizcha to'g'ri predlog bilan yodlang.
3.6. Bir fe'l — turli predlog, turli ma'no
think of/about — o'ylamoq: What do you think of it? (fikr) / I'm thinking about it. (jarayon)
look at (qaramoq) / look for (qidirmoq) / look after (qaramoq-parvarish) / look forward to (kutmoq)
agree with (odam) / agree on (kelishuv) / agree to (rozi bo'lmoq)Predlog ma'noni o'zgartiradi — good at ≠ good for. Bir xil so'z + boshqa predlog = butunlay boshqa ma'no. Bu yerda predlogni "his qilib" tanlab bo'lmaydi — ma'noni bilish shart:
good AT (mahoratli): She's good at maths. — U matematikada uddaburon.
good FOR (foydali): Milk is good for you. — Sut sog'liq uchun foydali.
care ABOUT (muhim): I care about the planet. — Sayyora men uchun muhim.
care FOR (parvarish): She cares for her patients. — U bemorlarini parvarishlaydi.Tez tekshiruv (mini-mashq). Bo'sh joyni to'ldiring, so'ng javob bilan solishtiring:
- It depends ___ the weather. — 2. I'm afraid ___ dogs. — 3. She's good ___ singing. — 4. He applied ___ a new job. — 5. This is different ___ that.
Javoblar: 1. on · 2. of · 3. at · 4. for · 5. from. (Beshtasi ham o'zbekchada "…ga/…dan/…ni" bilan tarjima bo'ladi, lekin predloglari har xil — juftlikni yodlang.)
4. Misollar (predlog bo'yicha)
on: It depends on you. / I can rely on her.
to: Listen to this! / This belongs to me.
for: I'm waiting for you. / She applied for the job.
about: I'm worried about you. / Stop complaining about everything.
of: I'm proud of my work. / Are you afraid of the dark?
at: He's brilliant at chess. / Don't laugh at me.
in: Do you believe in luck? / I'm interested in art.Yana misollar (ko'proq fe'l + predlog):
about: I really care about my family. / He keeps complaining about the noise.
with: How do you deal with stress? / I don't agree with that idea.
in: She succeeded in passing the exam. / Do you believe in yourself?
on: Stop insisting on it. / You can always rely on me.
for: I applied for a scholarship. / He apologised for being late.
to: This laptop belongs to my sister. / Please apologise to her.
from: Many students suffer from stress. / How is this different from the old one?5. Talaffuz bo'limi
Predloglar ZAIF (urg'usiz): on /ən/, to /tə/, for /fə/, of /əv/, at /ət/, from /frəm/
"depend on it" "dipend-ə-nit" "afraid of" "əfreyd-əv"
"good at" "gud-ət" "listen to" "lisn-tə"Native siri: kollokatsiyadagi predlog zaif va bog'lang'an: "interested in" "intrəstid-in", "afraid of" "əfreyd-əv". Urg'u fe'l/sifatda, predlog yutib yuboriladi.
Topshiriq (shadowing): "It depends on you. I'm afraid of it. Listen to me. Good at maths." jumlalarini ovoz chiqarib takrorlang; predloglarni zaif va bog'lab ayting — urg'u fe'l/sifatda, predlog yutib yuboriladi.
6. So'z boyligi (Anki)
| English | O'zbekcha | Predlog |
|---|---|---|
| depend on | …ga bog'liq | on |
| listen to | …ni eshitmoq | to |
| wait for | …ni kutmoq | for |
| worried about | …dan tashvishlangan | about |
| afraid of | …dan qo'rqmoq | of |
| good at | …da zo'r | at |
| interested in | …ga qiziqmoq | in |
| married to | …ga uylangan | to |
| different from | …dan farqli | from |
| proud of | …dan faxrlanmoq | of |
Tayyor iboralar (chunks):
- It depends. — "Vaziyatga qarab."
- I'm proud of you. — "Sizdan faxrlanaman."
- I'm fed up with it. — "To'ydim bundan."
- What are you afraid of? — "Nimadan qo'rqasiz?"
- That reminds me of… — "Bu menga …ni eslatdi."
- I'm not familiar with it. — "Bunga tanish emasman."
7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)
Dialog — suhbat (collocations):
A: What are you so worried about? — Nimadan bunchalik tashvishlanyapsan?
B: I applied for a new job, and I'm waiting for their reply. — Yangi ishga ariza berdim va javobini kutyapman.
A: Oh, exciting! What's the job? — Voy, qiziq! Qanaqa ish?
B: It depends on a few things, but it's in design. I'm really interested in that field. — Bir necha narsaga bog'liq, lekin dizayn sohasida. Bu sohaga juda qiziqaman.
A: You're good at design, so you should be proud of yourself for trying. — Sen dizaynda zo'rsan, shuning uchun urinib ko'rganing uchun o'zingdan faxrlanishing kerak.
B: Thanks. I'm just afraid of being rejected, to be honest. — Rahmat. Rostini aytsam, rad etilishdan qo'rqaman.
A: Everyone is. But don't worry about things you can't control. — Hamma shunday. Lekin nazorat qila olmaydigan narsalardan tashvishlanma.
B: You're right. I'll focus on what I can do and stop complaining about the rest. — Haqsan. Qo'limdan kelganiga e'tibor qarataman va qolganidan shikoyat qilishni to'xtataman.O'qish matni — "What I depend on" (collocations):
In life, we all rely on certain things to keep us going. — Hayotda, hammamiz o'zimizni tutib turish uchun ma'lum narsalarga tayanamiz.
I depend on my family for support, and I'm proud of how close we are. — Oilamga qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun bog'liqman va qanchalik yaqinligimizdan faxrlanaman.
I'm interested in many things, but I'm especially keen on learning. — Ko'p narsaga qiziqaman, lekin ayniqsa o'rganishga ishtiyoqliman.
I used to be afraid of failure, but now I see it differently. — Ilgari muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan qo'rqardim, lekin endi unga boshqacha qarayman.
I'm not very good at relaxing, which is something I'm working on. — Dam olishda unchalik zo'r emasman, bu ustida ishlayotgan narsam.
I try not to worry about things I can't change. — O'zgartira olmaydigan narsalardan tashvishlanmaslikka harakat qilaman.
In the end, I believe in effort more than luck. — Oxir-oqibat, men omaddan ko'ra harakatga ishonaman.Topshiriq: matnda har fe'l/sifat + predlog juftini belgilang (rely on, proud of, interested in…). So'ng o'zingiz haqingizda 6 gap yozing — kollokatsiyalar bilan (I'm good at…, I'm afraid of…, I depend on…).
8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar
Predlog tushirib: Listen music. Wait me. I'm waiting you. Listen to music. Wait for me. (predlog shart!).
depend from / different than (rus/kalka): It depends from you. It depends on you. different from. (to'g'ri predlog).
married with / good in: She's married with him. Good in maths. married to / good at maths. (to'g'ri kollokatsiya).
afraid from / interested for: afraid from dogs / interested for music. afraid of dogs / interested in music.
Predlogdan keyin to + V1: interested in to learn. interested in learning. (predlog + -ing).
9. Mashqlar
Mashq 1. To'g'ri predlogni qo'ying (verb):
1. It depends ___ you.
2. Listen ___ me!
3. I'm waiting ___ the bus.
4. Don't worry ___ it.
5. I agree ___ you.Mashq 2. To'g'ri predlogni qo'ying (adjective):
1. I'm afraid ___ spiders.
2. She's good ___ maths.
3. I'm interested ___ art.
4. He's proud ___ his work.
5. This is different ___ that.Mashq 3. Predlog + -ing:
1. I'm interested in ___ (learn) Spanish.
2. She's good at ___ (cook).
3. I'm thinking about ___ (change) jobs.Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang:
Listen music., It depends from you., Good in maths., afraid from dogs, married with her.
Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:
1. Bu ob-havoga bog'liq. = ___
2. O'rgimchaklardan qo'rqaman. = ___
3. U matematikada zo'r. = ___
4. Imtihondan tashvishlanyapman. = ___
5. Avtobusni kutyapman. = ___10. Production drill + model javoblar
Drill A — predlog qo'shing:
"depend ___ " "depend on" "afraid ___ " "afraid of" "good ___ " "good at"
"listen ___ " "listen to" "interested ___ " "interested in"Drill B — o'zingiz haqingizda:
"I'm good at ___ ." "I'm afraid of ___ ." "I'm interested in ___ ." "I'm worried about ___ ."Drill C — to'g'ri predlog (kalka xato emas):
"It depends ___ ." (on) "I'm married ___ ." (to) "This is different ___ ." (from)Model javoblar (Drill B): I'm good at problem-solving. I'm afraid of failure. I'm interested in technology. I'm worried about the future. So'ng 6 ta kollokatsiya bilan o'zingiz haqingizda gap tuzing va har birida predlog to'g'ri ekanini tekshirib ko'ring.
11. Javoblar kaliti
Mashq 1: 1. on · 2. to · 3. for · 4. about · 5. with. Mashq 2: 1. of · 2. at · 3. in · 4. of · 5. from. Mashq 3: 1. learning · 2. cooking · 3. changing. Mashq 4: Listen to music. / It depends on you. / Good at maths. / afraid of dogs / married to her. Mashq 5: 1. It depends on the weather. · 2. I'm afraid of spiders. · 3. She's good at maths. · 4. I'm worried about the exam. · 5. I'm waiting for the bus.
12. Xulosa va keyingi dars
Tez ma'lumotnoma:
Verb + preposition (qat'iy juftlik):
depend ON, listen TO, wait FOR, worry ABOUT, agree WITH, think OF/ABOUT,
look AT, suffer FROM, believe IN, apply FOR
Adjective + preposition:
afraid/proud/fond/tired OF | good/bad AT | interested IN |
worried/excited/nervous ABOUT | angry WITH(odam)/ABOUT(narsa) |
similar/married TO | responsible/famous FOR | different FROM | keen ON
predlogdan keyin -ing: interested in learning
predlog TUSHIRMA (listen TO music); kalka EMAS (depend ON not "from")Asosiy nuqtalar:
- Fe'l/sifat + predlog — qat'iy juftlik (yodlash).
- Predlogni birga yodlang (good at, afraid of).
- Predlogdan keyin -ing.
- Predlogni tushirib qoldirmang (listen to).
- Rus/o'zbek kalka emas (depend on, not "from").
Bog'lanish: kollokatsiyalar bilan B1 grammatikasi deyarli tugadi. Endi funksional va skills darslariga o'tamiz — real muloqot, yozish. Keyingi — MAXSUS dars: fikr bildirish, rozilik/e'tiroz, taklif, shikoyat (suhbat tili).
Keyingi dars — B1 — MAXSUS dars: Opinions (fikr, rozilik/e'tiroz, taklif, shikoyat). "Menimcha (I think), qo'shilaman (I agree), rozi emasman (I disagree), …chi (How about)" — munozara va suhbat tili.
Manba
R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (verb+preposition Units 130–136; adjective+preposition Unit 131); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (prepositions after verbs/adjectives); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Verbs and prepositions".
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