B1 — 34-dars: Texnik ingliz (kirish) — dasturlash va IT atamalari
B1 — O'RTA · 34-dars · maxsus yo'nalish (dasturchi/IT uchun)
1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya
Bu darsda texnik ingliz tilining asosini o'rganasiz — dasturlash va IT atamalari, hujjat (documentation) va xato xabarlari (error messages) o'qish, git/GitHub tili va texnik intervyu iboralari. Bu — masofaviy dasturchi ishi uchun hal qiluvchi (ko'pchilik o'quvchilar uchun asosiy maqsad).
The function returns a value. (Funksiya qiymat qaytaradi.) I'll submit a pull request. (Pull request yuboraman.) The build failed because of a bug. (Build xatolik tufayli barbod bo'ldi.) Can you review my code? (Kodimni ko'rib bera olasizmi?)
Real hayotda nega hal qiluvchi:
- Masofaviy ish: xalqaro jamoa, mijoz, hujjat — hammasi inglizcha.
- Hujjat o'qish: har bir kutubxona/framework hujjati inglizda — tushunish shart.
- Intervyu: texnik suhbat, code review, jamoa muloqoti — inglizcha.
Asosiy tushuncha — texnik ingliz = aniq + sodda: texnik til murakkab grammatika emas — u aniq, sodda, takrorlanuvchi. Asosiy — atamalar (vocabulary) va standart iboralar ("the function takes a parameter", "it throws an error"). Hujjat asosan Present Simple (qanday ishlaydi) va imperative (ko'rsatma) da yoziladi. Atamalarni va naqshlarni yodlasangiz, texnik inglizcha — oson.
2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)
- B1-13,14 (passive): is called, is stored — texnik tilda juda ko'p.
- A1-21 (imperative): Install, Run, Click — hujjat ko'rsatmalari.
- B1-29 (articles): texnik yozuvda artikl.
- B1-1 (present perfect): I've deployed, the build has failed.
- Tez mashq: atama: bug (?), deploy (?), commit (?) (xatolik, joylashtirmoq, saqlash/o'zgartirish).
3. Texnik ingliz — to'liq
3.1. Asosiy dasturlash atamalari
KOD: code, source code, line of code, syntax, indentation, comment
TUZILMA: function, method, variable, parameter, argument, class, object, array, loop, condition
XATO: bug, error, exception, crash, fix, debug, troubleshoot, stack trace
JARAYON: run, execute, compile, build, deploy, test, refactor, optimize
MA'LUMOT: database, query, server, API, request, response, endpoint
VOSITA: framework, library, package, dependency, repository (repo), IDEThere's a bug in this function. — Bu funksiyada xatolik bor.
I need to fix this error. — Bu xatoni tuzatishim kerak.
Let's deploy the new version. — Yangi versiyani joylashtiramiz.
The API returns a JSON response. — API JSON javob qaytaradi.3.2. Git / GitHub ingliz
clone — nusxa olmoq: Clone the repository.
commit — o'zgarishni saqlamoq: Commit your changes with a clear message.
push / pull — yubormoq / olmoq: Push to the main branch. / Pull the latest changes.
branch — tarmoq: Create a new branch for this feature.
merge — birlashtirmoq: Merge the branch into main.
pull request (PR) — o'zgarish so'rovi: I opened a pull request.
review — ko'rib chiqmoq: Could you review my PR?
conflict — to'qnashuv: There's a merge conflict.I've pushed my changes to a new branch. Could you review the pull request?
— O'zgarishlarimni yangi tarmoqqa yubordim. Pull request'ni ko'rib bera olasizmi?3.3. Hujjat o'qish (documentation) — naqshlar
Hujjat asosan Present Simple (qanday ishlaydi) va passive/imperative:
"The function returns a string." — Funksiya satr qaytaradi. (Present Simple)
"This method takes two parameters." — Bu metod ikki parametr oladi.
"It throws an error if the input is invalid." — Kiritma noto'g'ri bo'lsa, xato beradi.
"The data is stored in the database." — Ma'lumot bazada saqlanadi. (passive)
"Install the package using npm." — Paketni npm orqali o'rnating. (imperative)
"Make sure you have Node.js installed." — Node.js o'rnatilganiga ishonch hosil qiling.Naqshlar: "X returns Y", "X takes a parameter", "it throws an error", "X is called when…". Bularni butun ibora sifatida yodlang.
3.4. Xato xabarlari (error messages) o'qish
"undefined is not a function" — undefined funksiya emas
"cannot read property 'x' of null" — null'ning 'x' xususiyatini o'qib bo'lmaydi
"unexpected token" — kutilmagan belgi
"module not found" — modul topilmadi
"permission denied" — ruxsat rad etildi
"connection timed out" — ulanish vaqti tugadi
"syntax error" — sintaksis xatosiXato xabarlari — qisqa, aniq inglizcha. Kalit so'zlar: not found, undefined, failed, invalid, missing, expected, denied. Ularni tanib olsangiz, muammoni tez topasiz.
3.5. Jamoa muloqoti / standup iboralari
"What did you work on yesterday?" — Kecha nima ustida ishladingiz?
"I'm working on the login feature." — Login funksiyasi ustida ishlayapman.
"I'm blocked by a dependency issue." — Dependency muammosi tufayli to'xtab qoldim.
"It's almost done. I just need to test it." — Deyarli tayyor. Faqat test qilishim kerak.
"Can you give me a hand with this?" — Bunga yordam bera olasizmi?
"Let's pair on this." — Buni birga (pair) qilamiz.
"I'll take care of it." — Men hal qilaman.
"LGTM" (Looks good to me) — Menimcha yaxshi (kod tasdig'i).3.6. Texnik intervyu iboralari
"Can you walk me through your solution?" — Yechimingizni tushuntirib bera olasizmi?
"What's the time complexity?" — Vaqt murakkabligi qanday?
"I would approach this by..." — Men bunga ... orqali yondashardim.
"Let me think out loud." — Ovoz chiqarib o'ylab ko'ray.
"This is an edge case." — Bu — chekka holat.
"Could you clarify the requirements?" — Talablarni aniqlashtira olasizmi?
"I have experience with React and Node." — React va Node bilan tajribam bor. (B1-1)3.7. Fe'l + ot kollokatsiyalari (texnik)
write code, fix a bug, run a test, deploy an app, merge a branch,
raise an issue, review a PR, refactor the code, ship a feature, roll back a change3.8. Texnik ingliz uslubi — nega aniq va rasmiy
Texnik ingliz faqat dasturlash emas — u fan, muhandislik va hujjatning umumiy uslubi. Adabiy tildan farqli ravishda, uning uch belgisi bor:
- Aniqlik (precision): har bir so'z bitta ma'noda. "Chiroyli, ta'sirchan" so'zlar emas — faqat faktlar. Bir tushuncha uchun bir atama ishlatiladi (bir joyda function, keyin procedure deb chalkashtirilmaydi).
- Rasmiylik (formality): so'zlashuv iboralari (gonna, kinda, stuff, a lot of) ishlatilmaydi; ularning rasmiy varianti (going to, rather, items, many) qo'llaniladi.
- Shaxssizlik (impersonality): "men qildim" o'rniga passive yoki shaxssiz shakl: "The test was run" (kim qilgani muhim emas, natija muhim).
Oddiy (so'zlashuv): I got the data and it works fine.
Texnik (rasmiy): The data is obtained and processed correctly.Bog'lanish: shaxssiz passive — B1-13,14 da o'rgangansiz (is stored, is called). Texnik va ilmiy ingliz — o'sha passive-ning eng ko'p ishlatiladigan joyi: matn diqqatni odamdan emas, jarayon va natijadan olib qolmaydi.
3.9. Akademik so'z boyligi (Academic Word List — kirish)
Fan va texnika matnlarida bir xil "akademik" so'zlar qayta-qayta uchraydi. Ular birgalikda Academic Word List (AWL) deb ataladi va deyarli har qanday sohada (dasturlash, tibbiyot, iqtisod, muhandislik) kerak bo'ladi. Eng asosiy 9 tasi:
analyse — tahlil qilmoq: We analyse the results.
data — ma'lumot(lar): The data show a clear pattern.
factor — omil: Cost is an important factor.
method — usul: This method is faster than the old one.
process — jarayon: The process takes two steps.
research — tadqiqot: Recent research confirms this.
significant — muhim/sezilarli: There is a significant difference.
require — talab qilmoq: The task requires more memory.
occur — yuz bermoq: An error occurs when the input is empty.Diqqat (o'zbek o'quvchi uchun): research — sanalmaydigan ot: "a research" EMAS, balki research yoki a study deyiladi. data — rasmiy fanda ko'plik: the data are/show. Bu so'zlarni bilib olsangiz, istalgan texnik matnning "skeleti" tushunarli bo'ladi.
3.10. Jarayon va instruksiya tili (bosqichlar)
Har qanday texnik ko'rsatma — bosqichlar ketma-ketligi. Ularni bog'lovchilar bilan tartiblaymiz:
First, install the dependencies. — Avval, bog'liqliklarni o'rnating.
Then, run the build. — So'ng, build'ni ishga tushiring.
After that, start the server. — Shundan keyin, serverni ishga tushiring.
Finally, open the app in the browser. — Nihoyat, ilovani brauzerda oching.Ko'rsatma berganda — imperative (Install…, Run…, A1-21). Jarayonni tasvirlaganda (kim qilgani muhim emas) — passive Present Simple (13-dars):
The file is compiled, and the output is saved. — Fayl kompilyatsiya qilinadi va natija saqlanadi.
The sample is heated to 100 degrees. — Namuna 100 darajagacha qizdiriladi.
The results are recorded in a table. — Natijalar jadvalga yoziladi.Naqsh: ko'rsatma = First… Then… Finally + imperative. Ilmiy jarayon = passive (is compiled, is heated, is recorded). Ikkisini aralashtirmang.
3.11. Ta'rif berish (definitions)
Texnik va ilmiy matnda tez-tez yangi tushunchaga ta'rif beriladi. Uch asosiy naqsh bor — ularni tayyor qolip sifatida yodlang:
A variable is a type of container for data. — O'zgaruvchi — ma'lumot uchun bir tur idish.
"API" refers to a way for programs to communicate. — "API" dasturlarning o'zaro muloqot usulini bildiradi.
Latency is defined as the delay before a response. — Kechikish javobdan oldingi to'xtalish sifatida ta'riflanadi.Naqsh: X is a type of Y · X refers to Y · X is defined as Y. Rasmiy ta'rifda is defined as eng "ilmiy" ohangda, refers to esa yumshoqroq izohda ishlatiladi.
3.12. Grafik va ma'lumot tavsifi (IELTS Task 1 — kirish)
Texnik hisobot va akademik ishda grafik, jadval yoki raqamlar tez-tez tavsiflanadi (IELTS Writing Task 1 ham aynan shu ko'nikma). Asosiy fe'llar — o'zgarish yo'nalishi:
increase / rise / go up — oshmoq: Sales increased in 2023.
decrease / fall / drop / go down — kamaymoq: The error rate fell sharply.
remain stable / stay the same — o'zgarmay qolmoq: Traffic remained stable.
peak / reach a peak — cho'qqiga chiqmoq: Usage peaked in July.O'zgarish tezligini ravish bilan aniqlaymiz: slightly (bir oz), gradually (asta-sekin), sharply (keskin), significantly (sezilarli).
The number of users rose sharply, then remained stable.
— Foydalanuvchilar soni keskin oshdi, so'ng o'zgarmay qoldi.Diqqat: grafik tavsifida o'tgan zamon (increased, fell) yoki umumiy Present Simple (the graph shows…) ishlatiladi. "Will" (kelasi) faqat bashorat uchun.
3.13. Rasmiy so'z tanlash (get obtain)
Bir xil fikrni oddiy yoki rasmiy so'z bilan aytish mumkin. Texnik va akademik matn deyarli har doim rasmiyni tanlaydi:
oddiy rasmiy
get obtain / receive (obtain the result)
use utilise / apply (apply the method)
help facilitate / assist (facilitate the process)
show demonstrate / indicate (the data indicate a rise)
start begin / initiate (initiate the process)
enough sufficient (sufficient memory)
a lot of many / a large number ofYana bir rasmiylik belgisi — nominalizatsiya (fe'lni otga aylantirish): "We decided" "The decision was made"; "They analysed the data" "The analysis of the data showed…". Bu matnni shaxssiz va rasmiy qiladi.
3.14. Soha lug'ati (texnologiya va fan — asosiy so'zlar)
TEXNOLOGIYA: device, hardware, software, network, data, storage, interface, update, setting
FAN/O'LCHOV: experiment, result, measurement, unit, rate, average, sample, accuracy
UMUMIY: system, structure, model, feature, function, value, source, output, inputBu so'zlar ham dasturlash, ham umumiy texnika/fan matnida uchraydi — texnik inglizning "umumiy poydevori".
4. Misollar (kontekst bo'yicha)
kod: This function handles user input. / The variable stores the result.
git: I committed the fix and pushed it. / We need to resolve the conflict.
hujjat: The API accepts a POST request. / Returns null if not found.
jamoa: I'm halfway through the task. / It's ready for review.
intervyu: I'd use a hash map to optimize the lookup.
akademik: The data show a significant increase. / The method is described below.5. Talaffuz bo'limi
deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/ "diploy" query /ˈkwɪəri/ "kwiəri" cache /kæʃ/ "kesh"
repository /rɪˈpɒzɪtri/ "ripozitri" parameter /pəˈræmɪtə/ "pəremitə"
variable /ˈveəriəbl/ "veəriəbl" asynchronous /eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/ "eysinkrənəs"Native siri: texnik atamalar ko'pincha noto'g'ri talaffuz qilinadi — cache = "kesh" (NOT "kash/keysh"), query = "kwiəri", deploy = "diPLOY" (urg'u 2-da). Bu atamalarni to'g'ri talaffuz bilan bir necha marta takrorlang.
Topshiriq (shadowing): "Deploy the app. Review the pull request. The function returns a value. Fix the bug." ni ayting. Bu atamalar talaffuziga alohida e'tibor bering.
6. So'z boyligi (Anki) — texnik atamalar
| English | O'zbekcha | Soha |
|---|---|---|
| bug / fix | xatolik / tuzatmoq | xato |
| deploy | joylashtirmoq | jarayon |
| commit / push / pull | saqlamoq / yubormoq / olmoq | git |
| pull request (PR) | o'zgarish so'rovi | git |
| merge / branch | birlashtirmoq / tarmoq | git |
| function returns | funksiya qaytaradi | hujjat |
| throws an error | xato beradi | hujjat |
| review the code | kodni ko'rib chiqmoq | jamoa |
| I'm blocked by... | …tufayli to'xtab qoldim | jamoa |
| edge case | chekka holat | intervyu |
Tayyor iboralar (chunks):
- Could you review my PR? — kod ko'rib chiqish so'rovi.
- The build failed. — "Build barbod bo'ldi."
- It works on my machine. — (klassik dasturchi iborasi ).
- Let me push the fix. — "Tuzatmani yuboray."
- I'm on it. — "Hozir qilaman."
- It's ready for review. — "Ko'rib chiqishga tayyor."
7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)
Dialog — code review (texnik jamoa):
A: Hey, I've finished the login feature. Could you review my pull request? — Salom, login funksiyasini tugatdim. Pull request'imni ko'rib bera olasanmi?
B: Sure. Let me pull the branch first. — Albatta. Avval tarmoqni olib olay.
A: Thanks. There's one part I'm not sure about — the error handling. — Rahmat. Bir qismi haqida ishonchim yo'q — xato bilan ishlash.
B: I see. The function looks good, but it throws an error if the email is empty. — Tushundim. Funksiya yaxshi ko'rinadi, lekin email bo'sh bo'lsa, xato beradi.
A: Good catch. I'll add a check for that. — Yaxshi topding. Buning uchun tekshiruv qo'shaman.
B: Also, you have a merge conflict with the main branch. — Yana, main tarmoq bilan to'qnashuving bor.
A: Oh, I'll resolve it and push again. — Voy, hal qilib qaytadan yuboraman.
B: Great. Once it's fixed, it looks ready to deploy. LGTM. — Zo'r. Tuzatilgach, joylashtirishga tayyor ko'rinadi. Menimcha yaxshi.O'qish matni — "Reading documentation" (hujjat o'qish):
Learning to read documentation is one of the most important skills for a developer. — Hujjatni o'qishni o'rganish — dasturchi uchun eng muhim ko'nikmalardan biri.
Most documentation is written in simple, clear English. — Ko'p hujjat oddiy, aniq inglizchada yozilgan.
It usually explains what a function does, what parameters it takes, and what it returns. — Odatda funksiya nima qilishini, qanday parametr olishini va nima qaytarishini tushuntiradi.
For example: "This method accepts a string and returns its length." — Masalan: "Bu metod satr qabul qiladi va uning uzunligini qaytaradi."
When something goes wrong, the error message tells you where to look. — Biror narsa noto'g'ri ketganda, xato xabari qayerga qarashni aytadi.
Don't be afraid of English documentation — it follows the same patterns every time. — Inglizcha hujjatdan qo'rqmang — u har safar bir xil naqshlarga amal qiladi.
The more you read, the faster you understand. — Qancha ko'p o'qisangiz, shuncha tez tushunasiz.Topshiriq: matnda texnik atamalar (function, parameter, returns, error message) va passive/Present Simple naqshlarini belgilang. So'ng o'z ishingiz/loyihangiz haqida 6 gap yozing (texnik atamalar bilan: I'm working on…, I deployed…, the function…).
8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar
Atama talaffuzi: cache = "kash", query = "kveri", deploy = "deploy" (noto'g'ri urg'u). cache = "kesh", query = "kwiəri", deploy = "diPLOY".
make a bug / do a commit: I made a bug. I did a commit. I fixed a bug / introduced a bug. I made a commit. (to'g'ri kollokatsiya).
Hujjatda noto'g'ri zamon: "The function will return…" (umumiy ishlash uchun). "The function returns…" (Present Simple — qanday ishlaydi).
Texnik passive xatosi: "The data store in database." "The data is stored in the database." (passive — be + V3, B1-13).
So'zma-so'z tarjima: "to throw error" (artiklsiz). "to throw an error" (artikl — B1-29).
So'zlashuv uslubi ilmiy/texnik matnda: "I got a lot of data and it's pretty good." (og'zaki: got, a lot of, pretty). "A large amount of data was obtained, and the results are satisfactory." (rasmiy: obtain, passive, so'zlashuvsiz). Texnik hisobotda og'zaki so'zlarni rasmiy so'z bilan almashtiring.
"data" bilan noto'g'ri artikl: "I made a research." "I did some research." / "I carried out a study." (research — sanalmaydigan).
9. Mashqlar
Mashq 1. Atamani mosla:
1. bug a) joylashtirmoq
2. deploy b) xatolik
3. merge c) birlashtirmoq
4. review d) ko'rib chiqmoqMashq 2. Hujjat naqshini to'ldiring:
1. The function ___ (return) a value. (Present Simple)
2. The data ___ (store) in the database. (passive)
3. It ___ (throw) an error if the input is invalid.Mashq 3. To'g'ri kollokatsiya:
1. ___ a bug (fix / make)
2. ___ a commit (make / do)
3. ___ a test (run / make)
4. ___ a pull request (open / make)Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang:
The data store in database., I made a bug., to throw error, The function will return a value. (umumiy)
Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:
1. Funksiya qiymat qaytaradi. = ___
2. Bu xatoni tuzatishim kerak. = ___
3. Pull request yubordim. = ___
4. Kodimni ko'rib bera olasizmi? = ___
5. Build barbod bo'ldi. = ___Mashq 6. Og'zaki so'zni rasmiy (texnik) so'z bilan almashtiring:
1. get ___ 2. use ___ 3. help ___ 4. a lot of ___ 5. enough ___Mashq 7. Grafik fe'lini to'ldiring (increase / decrease / remain stable / peak):
1. Sales went up. = Sales ___.
2. The error rate stayed the same. = The error rate ___.
3. Usage reached its highest point. = Usage ___.Mashq 8. Ta'rif naqshini tanlang (is a type of / refers to / is defined as):
1. A loop ___ a structure that repeats code.
2. "Bug" ___ an error in a program.10. Production drill + model javoblar
Drill A — hujjat naqshi:
"This function ___ (takes/returns) ___ ." (parametr/qiymat)Drill B — git muloqoti:
"I've ___ my changes. Could you ___ the PR?" (pushed / review)Drill C — o'z ishingiz haqida:
"I'm working on ___ ." "I use ___ (framework/til)." "Today I fixed ___ ."Model javoblar (Drill C): I'm working on a web app. I use React and Node.js. Today I fixed a bug in the login form. So'ng o'z loyihangiz/ishingiz haqida 6 texnik gap tuzing va ovoz chiqarib ayting.
11. Javoblar kaliti
Mashq 1: 1-b · 2-a · 3-c · 4-d. Mashq 2: 1. returns · 2. is stored · 3. throws. Mashq 3: 1. fix · 2. make · 3. run · 4. open. Mashq 4: The data is stored in the database. / I introduced/fixed a bug. / to throw an error. / The function returns a value. Mashq 5: 1. The function returns a value. · 2. I need to fix this error. · 3. I opened/submitted a pull request. · 4. Can you review my code? · 5. The build failed. Mashq 6: 1. obtain/receive · 2. utilise/apply · 3. facilitate/assist · 4. many / a large number of · 5. sufficient. Mashq 7: 1. increased/rose · 2. remained stable · 3. peaked. Mashq 8: 1. is a type of / is defined as · 2. refers to.
12. Xulosa va keyingi dars
Tez ma'lumotnoma:
Texnik atamalar: bug/fix, deploy, function/parameter, variable, database, API
GIT: clone, commit, push/pull, branch, merge, pull request (PR), review, conflict
HUJJAT naqshlari (Present Simple + passive):
"X returns Y" | "X takes a parameter" | "it throws an error" | "X is stored in..."
XATO xabarlari: not found, undefined, failed, invalid, denied, timed out
JAMOA: "I'm working on...", "I'm blocked by...", "ready for review", "LGTM"
kollokatsiya: fix a bug, make a commit, run a test, open a PR, review code
AKADEMIK so'zlar: analyse, data, method, process, research, significant, require, occur
RASMIY tanlov: getobtain, useutilise, helpfacilitate, a lot ofmany, enoughsufficient
TA'RIF: "X is a type of...", "X refers to...", "X is defined as..."
GRAFIK: increase/rise, decrease/fall, remain stable, peak (+ slightly/sharply)
talaffuz (cache=kesh); to'g'ri kollokatsiya; passive (is stored)Asosiy nuqtalar:
- Texnik ingliz — aniq + sodda + takrorlanuvchi.
- Hujjat: Present Simple + passive (returns, is stored).
- Git atamalar (commit, PR, merge).
- Xato xabarlari — kalit so'zlar (not found, failed).
- To'g'ri kollokatsiya (fix a bug, run a test).
- Akademik so'z boyligi (analyse, data, method, process) va ta'rif naqshlari (X refers to…).
- Rasmiy so'z tanlash (getobtain) va shaxssiz, passive uslub (nominalizatsiya).
Bog'lanish: texnik ingliz — masofaviy dasturchi ishi uchun hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. B2 da chuqurroq (texnik suhbat, hujjat yozish). Endi B1 deyarli tugadi — so'z mavzulari (review) va B1 checkpoint test qoldi.
Keyingi dars — B1 — MAXSUS dars: So'z mavzulari (ta'lim, ish, texnologiya, atrof-muhit, media). B1 darajadagi asosiy mavzular bo'yicha lug'at to'plami — keng muloqot uchun.
Manba
"English for IT/Software Engineering" (Oxford/Cambridge ESP); MDN Web Docs (documentation style); GitHub Docs; freeCodeCamp (technical English); Stack Overflow (developer communication); Averil Coxhead, "Academic Word List" (2000, akademik so'z boyligi).
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