B1 — 14-dars: Passive — boshqa zamonlar + modal passive + get passive

B1 — O'RTA · 14-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

O'tgan darsda passive'ning asosini (Present/Past Simple) o'rgandingiz. Bu darsda passive'ni barcha muhim zamonlarda (Continuous, Perfect, kelajak), modallar bilan (must be done), va norasmiy get-passive bilan ko'rsatamiz. Qoida bitta: zamonni/modalni be'da ko'rsatamiz, fe'l V3 bo'lib qoladi.

The road is being repaired. (Yo'l ta'mirlanyapti.) The work has been done. (Ish bajarilgan.) It will be finished soon. (Tez orada tugatiladi.) This must be done today. (Bu bugun bajarilishi kerak.) My phone got stolen. (Telefonim o'g'irlanib ketdi.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Yangiliklar/e'lon: "The results have been announced." "A new policy will be introduced."
• Texnik/ish: "The bug has been fixed." "The server is being updated." "This should be tested first."
• Norasmiy nutq (get): "I got paid yesterday." "He got fired."

Asosiy tushuncha — bitta qoida, hamma zamon: passive har doim be + V3. O'zgaradigani — faqat be qismi (zamon/modalga qarab): is is being, has has been, will will be, must must be. V3 hech qachon o'zgarmaydi. Demak, passive'ni istalgan zamonda qurish = "o'sha zamondagi be + V3".

O'xshatish: passive — "be + V3" formulasi; be qismi — "zamon mashinasi" (is/was/is being/has been/will be/must be), V3 — "yuk" (o'zgarmas). Mashinani almashtirasiz (zamon), yukni emas (V3).

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-13 (passive asosi): be + V3; Present/Past Simple passive.
• A2-1, B1-6 (Continuous): be + V-ing passive: be being + V3.
• B1-1,7 (Perfect): have/had + V3 passive: have/had been + V3.
• B1-9 (kelajak), A2-17 (modal): will/must/should will/must/should be + V3.
• Tez mashq: be shaklini ayting: Present Cont passive — "is ___", Present Perfect passive — "has ___", kelajak — "will ___" (being, been, be).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Passive — barcha zamonlar jadvali

3.2. Continuous passive — be + being + V3

Present Continuous: is/are being + V3
  The road is being repaired.          — Yo'l ta'mirlanyapti.
  New houses are being built here.      — Bu yerda yangi uylar qurilyapti.
Past Continuous: was/were being + V3
  The car was being washed when I arrived. — Men kelganimda mashina yuvilayotgandi.

Diqqat: being — Continuous passive belgisi (is being done = hozir bajarilyapti). being tushirib qoldirmang.

3.3. Perfect passive — have/has/had been + V3

Present Perfect: has/have been + V3
  The work has been finished.          — Ish tugatilgan.
  All the tickets have been sold.       — Barcha chiptalar sotilgan.
Past Perfect: had been + V3
  The room had been cleaned before we arrived. — Biz kelishimizdan oldin xona tozalangandi.

been — perfect passive belgisi (has been done). (Solishtiring: has done — active; has been done — passive.)

3.4. Kelajak passive — will be / is going to be + V3

will: will be + V3
  The project will be completed next month. — Loyiha kelasi oy tugatiladi.
  You will be informed soon.                — Sizga tez orada xabar beriladi.
going to: is/are going to be + V3
  The shop is going to be renovated.         — Do'kon ta'mirlanmoqchi.

3.5. Modal passive — modal + be + V3

Modallar (must, can, should, may, have to, could) + be + V3:

This must be done today.              — Bu bugun bajarilishi kerak.
It can be fixed easily.                — Buni oson tuzatsa bo'ladi.
The form should be signed here.        — Forma shu yerda imzolanishi kerak.
Cars can't be parked here.             — Bu yerda mashina qo'yib bo'lmaydi.
The work has to be finished by 5.       — Ish 5 gacha tugatilishi shart.

Naqsh: modal + be + V3 (modal o'zgarmaydi, be + V3). "must do" (active) "must be done" (passive).

3.6. get passive — norasmiy (be o'rniga get)

So'zlashuvda be o'rniga get — kutilmagan, salbiy yoki to'satdan hodisalar uchun:

My phone got stolen.                  — Telefonim o'g'irlanib ketdi. (= was stolen)
He got fired last week.                — U o'tgan hafta ishdan haydaldi.
I got paid yesterday.                  — Kecha maosh oldim (to'lov qilindi).
They got married in June.              — Iyunda turmush qurishdi.
Did you get invited?                   — Taklif qilindingmi?

get vs be passive: get — norasmiy, ko'pincha kutilmagan/salbiy voqea (got stolen, got hurt, got fired). be — neytral/rasmiy. Yozma/rasmiy matnda be; so'zlashuvda get keng.

3.7. Impersonal passive — It is said that… (qisqa, kirish)

Umumiy fikr/mish-mish uchun (rasmiy, yangiliklar):

It is said that he is very rich.       — Aytishlaricha, u juda boy.
He is said to be very rich.            — U juda boy deyiladi.
It is believed that the painting is fake. — Rasm soxta deb hisoblanadi.

Bu — reporting (xabar berish) passive'i: umumiy fikr yoki mish-mishni manbani aytmay bildiradi. Reporting fe'llari (say/report/believe naqshlari) 16b-darsda batafsil, undan ham chuqurrog'i B2'da. Hozir tanishib qo'ying: "It is said/believed/thought that…" = "deyishadi/hisoblashadi".

3.8. have/get something done — kausativ (ishni boshqa birov qiladi)

Ba'zan ishni o'zingiz emas, boshqa birov (usta, xizmatchi) siz uchun bajaradi. Buni have/get + narsa (object) + V3 bilan aytamiz — bu passive'ning kundalik, maxsus turi:

have/get + something + V3
  I had my hair cut.              — Sochimni oldirdim. (sartarosh oldi, o'zim emas)
  I got my car repaired.          — Mashinamni tuzattirdim. (usta tuzatdi)
  We're having the house painted.  — Uyimizni bo'yatyapmiz. (ishchilar bo'yayapti)
  You should get your eyes tested. — Ko'zingizni tekshirtirishingiz kerak.
  She had her photo taken.         — U suratga tushdi. (fotograf oldi)

Farqi muhim: I cut my hair = o'zim kesdim. I had my hair cut = boshqa birov (sartarosh) kesdi, men buyurtdim. Kausativda ish o'zingiz uchun bajartiriladi, uni o'zingiz bajarmaysiz. get yoki have? Ma'no bir xil: get — norasmiyroq (I got my phone fixed), have — neytral (I had my phone fixed). Yomon/kutilmagan voqea uchun ham: He had his wallet stolen. — Hamyoni o'g'irlanib ketdi (o'ziga qarshi, o'zi xohlamagan hodisa).

3.9. Passive infinitive va gerund — to be done / being done

Passive faqat shaxsli (zamonli) fe'lda emas, infinitiv va gerundda ham bo'ladi:

Passive infinitive: to be + V3
  The work needs to be done.       — Ish bajarilishi kerak.
  This letter has to be sent today. — Bu xat bugun jo'natilishi kerak.
  I want to be told the truth.      — Menga haqiqat aytilishini istayman.
  Nobody likes to be criticised.    — Hech kim tanqid qilinishini yoqtirmaydi.
Passive gerund: being + V3
  I don't like being interrupted.   — Gapim bo'linishini yoqtirmayman.
  She hates being told what to do.   — Nima qilishni aytishlarini yomon ko'radi.
  Being chosen was a great honour.   — Tanlanish katta sharaf edi.

Qoida: want/need/have to/expect dan keyin to be + V3 (infinitiv). like/hate/enjoy/avoid va predloglardan keyin being + V3 (gerund). need + V-ing = passiv ma'no: The car needs washing. = The car needs to be washed. — Mashina yuvilishi kerak. (ikkala shakl ham passiv ma'no beradi.)

4. Misollar (zamon/modal bo'yicha)

Cont:    The system is being updated right now.   — Tizim hozir yangilanyapti.
P.Perf:  The bug has been fixed.                   — Xatolik tuzatilgan.
Past P:  The decision had been made before the meeting. — Qaror yig'ilishdan oldin qabul qilingandi.
Future:  Your order will be delivered tomorrow.    — Buyurtmangiz ertaga yetkaziladi.
Modal:   This should be checked again.             — Buni qayta tekshirish kerak.
get:     I got promoted!                           — Lavozimim ko'tarildi!
Caus:    I had my phone repaired yesterday.        — Kecha telefonimni tuzattirdim. (usta tuzatdi)
Inf:     The report needs to be checked.           — Hisobot tekshirilishi kerak.
Ger:     He hates being ignored.                   — U e'tiborsiz qoldirilishini yomon ko'radi.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

is being done /ɪz ˈbiːɪŋ dʌn/ "iz-bi:iŋ-dan"
has been done /həz bɪn dʌn/ "həz-bin-dan"
will be done /wɪl bi dʌn/ "wil-bi-dan"
must be done /məst bi dʌn/ "məst-bi-dan"
got + V3: "got stolen"  "got-stoulən"

Native siri: passive'da yordamchilar zaif (has been "həz-bin", will be "wil-bi"), V3 urg'uli: "It must be DONE". get-passive tez nutqda: "I got PAID".

Topshiriq (shadowing): "It's being repaired. It has been done. It will be finished. It must be done. I got paid." ni ayting. Youglish: "has been done", "must be done".

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• It's being sorted out. — "Hal qilinyapti."
• It has (already) been done. — "Allaqachon bajarilgan."
• It'll be taken care of. — "G'amxo'rlik qilinadi / hal qilinadi."
• I got paid / I got promoted. — "Maosh oldim / lavozimim ko'tarildi."
• That remains to be seen. — "Buni ko'rish kerak hali."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — ish holati (passive zamonlar):

A: Has the report been finished yet?               — Hisobot tugatildimi hali? (Present Perfect passive)
B: Almost. It's being reviewed right now. — Deyarli. Hozir ko'rib chiqilyapti. (Present Cont passive)
A: Good. When will it be sent to the client?        — Yaxshi. Mijozga qachon jo'natiladi? (Future passive)
B: It should be sent by the end of the day. — Kun oxiriga qadar jo'natilishi kerak. (Modal passive)
A: Perfect. And the bug from yesterday?             — Zo'r. Kechagi xatolik-chi?
B: Oh, that's been fixed already. — Oh, u allaqachon tuzatilgan. (Present Perfect passive)
A: Great work. By the way, did you hear? Aziz got promoted! — Ajoyib. Aytgancha, eshitdingmi? Aziz lavozimi ko'tarildi! (get passive)
B: Really? That's well deserved. It should have been done months ago! — Rostdanmi? Loyiq edi. Bir necha oy oldin qilinishi kerak edi! (modal perfect passive)

O'qish matni — "How a website is built" (jarayon, aralash passive):

Every website you visit has been built by a team of people. — Siz tashrif buyuradigan har bir vebsayt bir guruh odam tomonidan yaratilgan.
First, the design is created, and then it must be approved by the client. — Avval, dizayn yaratiladi, keyin u mijoz tomonidan tasdiqlanishi kerak.
While the code is being written, the content is also being prepared. — Kod yozilayotganda, kontent ham tayyorlanayotgan bo'ladi.
Before launch, the site has to be tested on many devices. — Ishga tushirishdan oldin, sayt ko'p qurilmada sinovdan o'tkazilishi shart.
If a bug is found, it is fixed and the site is tested again. — Agar xatolik topilsa, u tuzatiladi va sayt qayta sinaladi.
Finally, the website is launched and will be updated regularly. — Nihoyat, vebsayt ishga tushiriladi va muntazam yangilanib turiladi.
Nothing is left to chance — everything is planned carefully. — Hech narsa tasodifga qoldirilmaydi — hammasi ehtiyotkorlik bilan rejalashtiriladi.

Topshiriq: matnda har passive shaklini topib, zamonini ayting (Present/Cont/Perfect/Future/Modal). So'ng biror jarayon (ilova, mahsulot, taom qanday yaratiladi) ni 6 gapda turli passive zamonlar bilan yozing.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• being/been chalkashtirish: It is been done. It has being done. It is being done (Cont — hozir) / It has been done (Perfect — bajarilgan). being = Cont, been = Perfect.

• Modal + V3 (be tushib): It must done. It should fixed. It must be done. It should be fixed. (modal + be + V3).

• will + V3 (be tushib): It will done. It will be done. (will + be + V3).

• get + V2: I got stole my phone. / He got fire. My phone got stolen. He got fired. (get + V3).

• Continuous passive'ni oddiy qilish: The road is repaired now (hozir jarayonda ma'noda). The road is being repaired. (hozir jarayonda being).

• Kausativni oddiy active bilan chalkashtirish: I cut my hair yesterday (aslida sartarosh olgan bo'lsa). I had my hair cut. (boshqa birov qildi have/get + narsa + V3).

• Passive infinitivda be tushib qolishi: It needs to done. I want to told. It needs to be done. I want to be told. (to be + V3).

• Passive gerundda being tushib qolishi: I don't like told what to do. I don't like being told what to do. (being + V3).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Passive tuzing (qavsdagi zamon):

1. The house ___ (paint) right now. (Present Continuous)
2. The work ___ (finish) already. (Present Perfect)
3. The results ___ (announce) tomorrow. (Future — will)
4. This form ___ (sign) here. (Modal — must)
5. The road ___ (repair) when I passed. (Past Continuous)

Mashq 2. Active'ni passive'ga aylantiring:

1. They are building a new bridge.  A new bridge ___ .
2. Someone has stolen my wallet.  My wallet ___ .
3. They will announce the winner.  The winner ___ .
4. You must finish it today.  It ___ today.

Mashq 3. being yoki been?

1. The car is ___ washed.
2. The car has ___ washed.
3. The houses were ___ built last year. (was/were being)
4. All the work has ___ done.

Mashq 4. get-passive bilan (norasmiy):

1. He lost his job.  He ___ (fire).
2. They paid me.  I ___ (pay).
3. Someone hurt her.  She ___ (hurt).

Mashq 5. Xatoni to'g'rilang: It must done today., The road is repaired now. (jarayonda), It has being done., It will done tomorrow., He got fire.

Mashq 6. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Yo'l ta'mirlanyapti. = ___
2. Ish allaqachon bajarilgan. = ___
3. Buyurtma ertaga yetkaziladi. = ___
4. Bu bugun bajarilishi kerak. = ___
5. Telefonim o'g'irlanib ketdi. = ___

Mashq 7. have/get something done (kausativ — boshqa birov qiladi):

1. Kecha mashinamni tuzattirdim.  I ___ my car ___ yesterday. (repair)
2. Sochingizni oldirishingiz kerak.  You should ___ your hair ___ . (cut)
3. Ular hozir uyini bo'yatyapti.  They ___ their house ___ right now. (paint)

Mashq 8. Passive infinitive yoki gerund (to be + V3 / being + V3):

1. This letter needs to ___ (send) today.
2. I don't like ___ (interrupt) during a meeting.
3. He expects ___ (pay) on time.
4. Being ___ (choose) for the team made her happy.

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — active passive (turli zamon):

"They are fixing the bug."  "The bug is being fixed."
"They have finished it."  "It ___ ."
"They will deliver it."  "It ___ ."
"You should check it."  "It ___ ."

Drill B — get-passive (o'z hayotingizdan):

"Last month, I got ___ ." (paid / promoted / invited...)

Drill C — jarayon (passive zamonlar):

"This product is made... it is being ... it has been ... it will be ... "

Model javoblar (Drill A): It has been finished. It will be delivered. It should be checked. So'ng biror jarayonni turli passive zamonlar bilan 4-5 gapda gapirib bering, yozib qo'ying va Javoblar kaliti bilan solishtiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. is being painted · 2. has been finished · 3. will be announced · 4. must be signed · 5. was being repaired. Mashq 2: 1. is being built · 2. has been stolen · 3. will be announced · 4. must be finished. Mashq 3: 1. being · 2. been · 3. being · 4. been. Mashq 4: 1. got fired · 2. got paid · 3. got hurt. Mashq 5: It must be done today. / The road is being repaired now. / It has been done. / It will be done tomorrow. / He got fired. Mashq 6: 1. The road is being repaired. · 2. The work has already been done. · 3. The order will be delivered tomorrow. · 4. This must be done today. · 5. My phone got stolen (was stolen). Mashq 7: 1. had my car repaired · 2. get (have) your hair cut · 3. are having their house painted. Mashq 8: 1. be sent · 2. being interrupted · 3. to be paid · 4. chosen.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Passive = be + V3 (zamon/modal BE'da, V3 o'zgarmaydi):
  Present Cont: is/are BEING + V3 — is being repaired
  Present Perfect: has/have BEEN + V3 — has been done
  Past Perfect: had BEEN + V3 — had been cleaned
  Future: will BE + V3 — will be finished
  Modal: must/should/can BE + V3 — must be done
  get-passive (norasmiy, kutilmagan): got stolen / got paid / got fired
  kausativ (birov qiladi): have/get + narsa + V3 — had my hair cut
  passive infinitiv/gerund: to be done / being done — needs to be done, hates being told
  impersonal: It is said that... / He is said to be...
   being (Cont) vs been (Perfect); modal/will + BE + V3

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Passive — har zamonda be + V3 (be o'zgaradi, V3 yo'q).
2. being (Cont) vs been (Perfect) — chalkashtirmang.
3. modal/will + be + V3 (be shart!).
4. get-passive — norasmiy, kutilmagan/salbiy.
5. have/get something done — kausativ: ishni siz uchun boshqa birov qiladi.
6. to be done / being done — passive infinitiv/gerund (be/being tushmasin!).
7. It is said that… — umumiy fikr (rasmiy); reporting 16b-dars.

Bog'lanish: passive bloki to'liq. Bu — texnik, rasmiy, ilmiy til uchun asos. Keyingi katta blok — Reported speech (ko'chirma gap): "He said he was tired." "She asked where I lived." — bu yerda Past Perfect (B1-7) va zamon siljishi (backshift) markaziy rol o'ynaydi.

Keyingi dars — B1 — 15-dars: Reported speech — gaplar (say/tell, zamon siljishi). Birovning gapini qayta aytish: "I'm tired" He said he was tired. — zamon, olmosh, vaqt so'zlarining o'zgarishi.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (passive, Units 43–45; get passive Unit 45); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (passive; get); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Passive voice: all tenses".