B1 — 25-dars: Indirect / embedded questions (Could you tell me where…?)

B1 — O'RTA · 25-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda bilvosita (indirect) savollarni o'rganasiz — savolni yumshoq, xushmuomala so'rash: "Could you tell me where…?", "Do you know what…?". To'g'ridan-to'g'ri savol ("Where is it?") ba'zan qo'pol tuyiladi; bilvosita shakl muloyim va rasmiy.

"Where is the station?" Could you tell me where the station is? (Bekat qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi?) "What time is it?" Do you know what time it is? (Soat nechaligini bilasizmi?) "Does she live here?" I wonder if she lives here. (U shu yerda yashaydimi-yo'qmi, qiziq.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Xushmuomala so'rash (begona/rasmiy): "Could you tell me how to get there?" — ko'chada, idorada, telefonda.
• Yumshoq, ehtiyotkor: to'g'ridan-to'g'ri savoldan muloyimroq (ayniqsa notanish odamga).
• Ish/xizmat: "Do you know when the office opens?" "I'd like to know if it's available."

Asosiy tushuncha — savol "ichkariga kiradi", tartib o'zgaradi: to'g'ridan-to'g'ri savol ("Where is it?") da so'z tartibi teskari (is it). Lekin uni boshqa gap ichiga qo'yganda ("Could you tell me where it is?"), u oddiy gap tartibiga o'tadi (ega + fe'l), do/does/did yo'qoladi. Bu — reported questions (B1-16) bilan aynan bir mantiq.

O'xshatish: to'g'ri savol — "ochiq, tik" savol ("Where is it?"). Embedded savol — uni muloyim qutiga ("Could you tell me…") solib berasiz; quti ichida savol yotadi (oddiy gap tartibi). Qutining o'zi (Could you tell me…?) savol; ichi (where it is) — oddiy gap.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-16 (reported questions): asked where I lived — aynan shu so'z tartibi.
• A1-16 (so'roq so'zlar): where, what, when, how — embedded'da.
• A2-26 (could): Could you…? — xushmuomala boshlanma.
• B1-15 (if/whether): yes/no savol uchun.
• Tez mashq: to'g'ri embedded: "Where is it?" "…where it ___" (is).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Asosiy o'zgarish — so'z tartibi oddiy gapga

TO'G'RI:    "Where is the bank?"  (so'roq so'z + fe'l + ega — teskari)
EMBEDDED:   Could you tell me where the bank is? (so'roq so'z + EGA + FE'L — oddiy)

"What does it mean?"   Do you know what it means? (do yo'q, meanmeans)
"Where did she go?"     Do you know where she went? (did yo'q, gowent)

Qadamlar: (1) muloyim boshlanma (Could you tell me…); (2) so'roq so'z; (3) ega + fe'l (oddiy tartib); (4) do/does/did yo'qoladi (zamon asosiy fe'lga o'tadi).

3.2. Yes/No savol — if / whether

So'roq so'z yo'q (Is…? Does…? Can…?) bo'lsa, if/whether qo'shiladi:

TO'G'RI:    "Is it open?"
EMBEDDED:   Do you know if it's open? (if + ega + fe'l)

"Does she live here?"   I wonder if she lives here.
"Can he swim?"           Do you know whether he can swim?

So'roq so'z yo'q savolda if/whether majburiy. So'z tartibi yana ega + fe'l.

3.3. Xushmuomala boshlanmalar (starters)

SAVOL (? bilan tugaydi):
  Could you tell me ...?   Do you know ...?   Would you mind telling me ...?
  Can you remember ...?    Have you any idea ...?
GAP (? YO'Q — oddiy nuqta):
  I wonder ...   I'd like to know ...   I'm not sure ...   I don't know ...

Could you tell me where the toilets are?   — Hojatxona qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? (? bor)
I wonder what time the shop opens.          — Do'kon soat nechada ochilishi qiziq. (? yo'q)
I'd like to know how much it costs.          — Qancha turishini bilmoqchiman. (? yo'q)

3.4. Savol belgisi — boshlanmaga bog'liq

Boshlanma SAVOL bo'lsa  ? :  "Could you tell me where it is?" (Could you = savol)
Boshlanma GAP bo'lsa  nuqta:  "I wonder where it is." (I wonder = gap, ? YO'Q!)

Diqqat: "Do you know…?" / "Could you tell me…?" — savol (? bor). "I wonder…" / "I'd like to know…" — gap (? yo'q!). Boshlanmaga qarang.

3.5. To'g'ri vs bilvosita — yumshoqlik darajasi

To'g'ri (kuchli/oddiy):  "Where's the manager?"
Bilvosita (muloyim):      "Could you tell me where the manager is?"

Bilvosita shakl muloyimroq, rasmiyroq — notanish odamga, mijozga, telefonda afzal. To'g'ri shakl — yaqin/oddiy vaziyat.

Nega bilvosita muloyimroq? To'g'ridan-to'g'ri savol ("Where's the manager?") javobni deyarli talab qilayotgandek eshitiladi. Bilvosita shakl esa savolni ikki qavat qilib yumshatadi: siz to'g'ridan "qayerda?" demay, avval "ayta olasizmi / bilasizmi?" deb imkoniyat so'raysiz — bu suhbatdoshga bemalol javob berish (yoki muloyim rad qilish) uchun joy qoldiradi. Umumiy qoida: ibora qancha uzun bo'lsa, shuncha muloyim tuyiladi (Where's…? < Do you know where…? < Could you tell me where…? < I was wondering if you could tell me where…?). Shu bois bank, idora, mehmonxona va telefon suhbatida bilvosita shakl standart hisoblanadi.

3.6. who/what ega bo'lganda — tartib o'zgarmaydi

Agar so'roq so'z (who/what) ega bo'lsa, tartib o'zgarmaydi (do ham qo'shilmaydi):

"Who called?"  Do you know who called? (who = ega — o'zgarmaydi)
"What happened?"  Do you know what happened?

So'roq so'z ega bo'lsa (Who called? What happened?), embedded'da ham o'sha tartib (do yo'q, o'zgarishsiz).

3.7. To'g'ridan-to'g'ri bilvosita — to'liq jadval

Bir savolni turli boshlanma bilan bilvosita qilish mumkin. Muhimi shu: o'ng ustundagi so'z tartibi hamma joyda oddiy (ega + fe'l), do/does/did esa yo'qoladi.

Diqqat qiling: does it start it starts, did they leave they left, is she she's. Yordamchi fe'l (do/does/did) yo'qolganda, zamon va shaxs asosiy fe'lga o'tadi. Oxirgi qatorda esa who — ega, shuning uchun tartib o'zgarmaydi (3.6-ga qarang).

3.8. whether — if ishlatib bo'lmaydigan holatlar

Yes/No savolda if va whether ko'pincha bir xil (Do you know if/whether it's open?). Lekin uch holatda faqat whether to'g'ri bo'ladi:

1) whether + or not (yonma-yon):  I don't know whether or not it's true.   (if or not — )
2) predlogdan keyin:              It depends on whether they agree.         (on if — )
3) to-infinitiv oldidan:          I'm not sure whether to go or stay.       (if to go — )

whether rasmiyroq va "ikki variant — …mi yoki yo'qmi" ma'nosini kuchliroq beradi. or not ni bevosita yoniga qo'yganda, predlogdan (on, about, of…) keyin yoki to + fe'l oldidan kelganda — whether ishlating. Qolgan oddiy holatlarda ikkalasi ham bo'ladi.

3.9. Embedded ≠ reported — bu yerda backshift YO'Q

B1-16 (reported questions) da fe'l bir zamon orqaga suriladi (asked where she lived). Embedded'da esa boshlanma odatda hozirgi zamonda (Do you know…, Could you tell me…), shuning uchun ichki qism zamoni o'zgarmaydi:

Where does she live?   Do you know where she lives?   (lives — hozir, backshift YO'Q)
reported (B1-16):      He asked where she lived.        (lived — backshift BOR)

Ikkalasida ham so'z tartibi oddiy va do/does/did yo'qoladi — bu bir xil. Farqi faqat zamonda: boshlanma hozirgi bo'lsa (bu dars), fe'l hozircha qoladi; boshlanma o'tmish bo'lsa (He asked…), fe'l bir pog'ona orqaga suriladi.

4. Misollar (turlari bo'yicha)

Wh-: Could you tell me where the lift is? / Do you know when it starts?
Yes/No: Do you know if the bank is open? / I wonder whether she's coming.
gap (? yo'q): I'd like to know how it works. / I'm not sure what he wants.
ega so'roq so'z: Do you know who left this? / I wonder what went wrong.

Mini-mashq (+ javob): to'g'ri savolni bilvosita qiling — Could you tell me… bilan boshlang.

1. Where is the exit? — 2. What does this word mean? — 3. Is breakfast included?

Javob: 1. Could you tell me where the exit is? · 2. Could you tell me what this word means? (does yo'q, meanmeans) · 3. Could you tell me if breakfast is included? (yes/no if).

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

"Could you tell me"  "kud-yu-tel-mi" / "kuju-tel-mi"
"Do you know"  "dyu-nou" / "dʒə-nou"
"I wonder"  "ay-wandə"   "where it is"  "weər-it-iz"

Native siri: boshlanma tez aytiladi: "Could you tell me…" "kuju-telmi", "Do you know…" "dʒənou". Embedded qismda ega+fe'l bog'lanadi. Ohang muloyim, ko'tariluvchi (xushmuomala).

Topshiriq (shadowing): "Could you tell me where it is? Do you know if it's open? I wonder what time it starts." ni avval sekin, keyin tabiiy tezlikda ovoz chiqarib takrorlang. Boshlanmani ("could you tell me…", "do you know if…") deyarli bitta bo'g'in kabi tez, embedded qismni (ega + fe'l) esa aniq ayting.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• Could you tell me how to get to…? — yo'l so'rash (muloyim).
• Do you know if there's a … near here? — atrof so'rash.
• I was wondering if you could… — juda muloyim iltimos.
• Do you have any idea what/where…? — "…ni bilmaysizmi?"
• I'm not sure what to do. — "Nima qilishni bilmayman."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — ko'chada so'rash (embedded questions):

A: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest metro station is? — Kechirasiz, eng yaqin metro bekati qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi?
B: Sure. Do you know if you want the red line or the blue line? — Albatta. Qizil yo'nalish kerakmi yoki ko'k, bilasizmi?
A: I'm not sure which one I need. I'd like to know how to get to the city centre. — Qaysi biri kerakligini bilmayman. Shahar markaziga qanday borishni bilmoqchiman.
B: Then you want the red line. Do you know how many stops it is? — Unda qizil yo'nalish kerak. Necha bekat ekanini bilasizmi?
A: No idea. Could you tell me whether I need to change trains? — Tasavvurim yo'q. Poyezd almashtirishim kerakmi-yo'qmi, ayta olasizmi?
B: No, it's direct. I wonder if you have a transport card, though. — Yo'q, to'g'ri boradi. Lekin transport kartangiz bormikan?
A: I don't. Do you know where I can buy one? — Yo'q. Qayerdan sotib olishimni bilasizmi?
B: There's a machine by the entrance. You can't miss it. — Kirish oldida avtomat bor. Topasiz.

O'qish matni — "The art of asking politely" (muloyim so'rash):

Have you ever noticed how the way we ask changes everything? — So'rash usulimiz hamma narsani o'zgartirishini sezganmisiz?
"Where's the bathroom?" sounds fine among friends. — "Hojatxona qayerda?" do'stlar orasida normal eshitiladi.
But to a stranger, "Could you tell me where the bathroom is?" sounds much kinder. — Lekin notanishga "Hojatxona qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi?" ancha xushmuomala eshitiladi.
When I'm not sure of something, I often start with "I wonder if…". — Biror narsaga ishonchim bo'lmasa, ko'pincha "qiziq, …mikan" deb boshlayman.
It gives the other person room to answer comfortably. — Bu boshqa odamga bemalol javob berish imkonini beradi.
In many cultures, people value politeness as much as the answer itself. — Ko'p madaniyatlarda odamlar muloyimlikni javobning o'zi qadar qadrlaydi.
So the next time you need help, ask yourself: could I say it a little more gently? — Shuning uchun keyingi safar yordam kerak bo'lsa, o'zingizdan so'rang: biroz yumshoqroq aytsam bo'larmidi?

Topshiriq: matnda embedded savollarni (Could you tell me…, I wonder if…) belgilang. Boshlanma savolmi (? bor) yoki gapmi (? yo'q)? So'ng 5 ta to'g'ri savolni embedded (muloyim) shaklga aylantiring.

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Savol so'z tartibi/do qolib ketishi: Could you tell me where is the bank? Do you know what does it mean? …where the bank is? …what it means? (oddiy tartib, do yo'q).

• Yes/No savolda if/whether yo'q: Do you know is it open? Do you know if it's open? (yes/no if/whether).

• I wonder + savol belgisi: I wonder where it is? I wonder where it is. (I wonder = gap nuqta, ? yo'q).

• Could you tell me + nuqta (savol o'rniga): Could you tell me where it is. Could you tell me where it is?** (Could you = savol ?).

• who ega bo'lganda do qo'shish: Do you know who did call? Do you know who called? (who = ega o'zgarmaydi).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Embedded'ga aylantiring (Could you tell me…):

1. "Where is the station?"  Could you tell me ___ ?
2. "What time does it open?"  Could you tell me ___ ?
3. "How much is this?"  Could you tell me ___ ?

Mashq 2. Yes/No if/whether (Do you know…):

1. "Is the shop open?"  Do you know ___ ?
2. "Does he live here?"  Do you know ___ ?
3. "Can she come?"  Do you know ___ ?

Mashq 3. Savol belgisi (? yoki nuqta)?

1. Could you tell me where it is ___
2. I wonder what time it is ___
3. Do you know if she's coming ___
4. I'd like to know how it works ___

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: Could you tell me where is the bank?, Do you know what does it mean?, I wonder where is he?, Do you know is it open?

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga (embedded):

1. Bekat qayerdaligini ayta olasizmi? = ___
2. Soat nechaligini bilasizmi? = ___
3. U shu yerda yashaydimi-yo'qmi, qiziq. = ___
4. Qancha turishini bilmoqchiman. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — to'g'ri muloyim:

"Where's the exit?"  "Could you tell me where the exit is?"
"What time is it?"  "Do you know ___ ?"
"Is it far?"  "Do you know ___ ?"

Drill B — I wonder (gap, ? yo'q):

"I wonder if ___ ." "I wonder what ___ ."

Drill C — vaziyat (ko'chada/idorada): Notanish odamga 3 ta muloyim (embedded) savol bering.

Model javoblar (Drill A): Do you know what time it is? Do you know if it's far? So'ng o'zingiz 5 ta embedded savol (muloyim) tuzing va ovoz chiqarib ayting: har birida boshlanma (savolmi/gapmi), so'z tartibi (ega + fe'l) va savol belgisi to'g'ri ekanini o'zingiz tekshiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. where the station is · 2. what time it opens · 3. how much this is. Mashq 2: 1. if the shop is open · 2. if he lives here · 3. if/whether she can come. Mashq 3: 1. ? · 2. . (nuqta) · 3. ? · 4. . (nuqta). Mashq 4: Could you tell me where the bank is? / Do you know what it means? / I wonder where he is. / Do you know if it's open? Mashq 5: 1. Could you tell me where the station is? · 2. Do you know what time it is? · 3. I wonder if she lives here. · 4. I'd like to know how much it costs.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Indirect/embedded questions = muloyim, bilvosita savol:
  Wh-: Could you tell me where it IS? (oddiy tartib, do YO'Q, ? yo'qlik tartibida)
  Yes/No: Do you know IF/WHETHER it's open?
  boshlanmalar: Could you tell me...? Do you know...? (SAVOL — ?)
              I wonder... I'd like to know... (GAP — ? YO'Q!)
  who/what ega  o'zgarmaydi: Do you know who called?
   embedded'da do/does/did YO'Q; so'z tartibi oddiy (ega+fe'l)
   savol belgisi boshlanmaga bog'liq

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. Embedded savol oddiy so'z tartibi (ega + fe'l, do yo'q).
2. Yes/No if/whether.
3. Boshlanma savolmi (? bor) yoki gapmi (? yo'q).
4. who/what ega tartib o'zgarmaydi.
5. Bilvosita = muloyimroq, rasmiyroq.

Bog'lanish: embedded questions — reported questions (B1-16) bilan bir mantiq; xushmuomala muloqotning muhim qismi. Endi siz savolning barcha shakllarini bilasiz (to'g'ri, reported, tag, embedded). Keyingi dars used to / would — o'tmish odatlari: "I used to play football. Every summer we would go to the sea."

Keyingi dars — B1 — 26-dars: used to / would (o'tmish odatlari). O'tmishdagi takrorlangan ish yoki holat (endi yo'q): "I used to smoke." "There used to be a cinema here." — va be used to (o'rganib qolgan) bilan farqi.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (indirect questions, Unit 50); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (indirect speech; politeness); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Indirect questions".