B1 — 27-dars: make / let / be allowed to — majburlash va ruxsat

B1 — O'RTA · 27-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda majburlash va ruxsat beruvchi fe'llarni o'rganasiz: make (majburlamoq), let (ruxsat bermoq), be allowed to (ruxsat etilgan). Ularning maxsus xususiyati — bare infinitive (to'siz fe'l): make/let + odam + V1 (to YO'Q!).

My boss makes me work late. (Boshlig'im meni kech ishlashga majbur qiladi.) They let me leave early. (Ular menga erta ketishga ruxsat berishadi.) We're not allowed to use phones here. (Bu yerda telefon ishlatishga ruxsat berilmaydi.) This makes me happy. (Bu meni xursand qiladi.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Qoida/ruxsat (ish, maktab): "They don't let us eat at our desks." "Are we allowed to park here?"
• Majbur/sabab: "The film made me cry." "Don't make me wait."
• Ota-ona/bola: "My parents let me stay out late." "They made me do my homework."

Asosiy tushuncha — bare infinitive (to'siz fe'l): make va let dan keyin odam + V1 keladi — to YO'Q:

• make + odam + V1 = "majburlamoq, sabab bo'lmoq" (xohlamasa ham): "make me wait".
• let + odam + V1 = "ruxsat bermoq, qo'ymoq" (xohlasa): "let me go".
• be allowed to + V1 = "ruxsat etilgan" (rasmiy, qoida — bu yerda to bor).

make/let — to'siz (make me go); allow/be allowed — to bilan (allowed to go). Bu — eng muhim farq.

O'xshatish: make — "itaruvchi kuch" (xohlamasa ham qildiradi): boshliq, qoida, his. let — "eshikni ochuvchi" (qo'yib yuboradi): ruxsat. be allowed to — "rasmiy ruxsatnoma" (qoida bo'yicha mumkin). Make itaradi, let qo'yib yuboradi.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-22 (verb + obj + to): want/tell + odam + to. Bugun — make/let + odam + V1 (to'siz — istisno!).
• A2-17 (have to / must): majburiyat. Bugun — make (boshqa birini majburlash).
• A2-26 (can/be allowed): ruxsat. Bugun — let / be allowed to.
• B1-13 (passive): be made/allowed (passive).
• Tez mashq: to bormi? make me ___ (go), let me ___ (go), allowed ___ (to go).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. make + odam + V1 — majburlash (to YO'Q!)

make + odam + bare infinitive = "majbur qilmoq, sabab bo'lmoq":

My boss makes me work overtime.        — Boshlig'im meni qo'shimcha ishlashga majbur qiladi.
The teacher made us repeat it.          — O'qituvchi bizni uni takrorlashga majbur qildi.
Don't make me laugh!                     — Meni kuldirmang!
What made you change your mind?          — Fikringizni o'zgartirishga sizni nima majbur qildi?

to YO'Q: make + odam + V1 (bare infinitive). "makes me to work" () "makes me work" (). Bu — eng ko'p xato.

make vs force — ikkalasi ham "majburlamoq": ma'no yaqin, lekin tuzilma boshqacha:

text

make + odam + V1 (TO'SIZ):         The boss made us stay late.  — Boshliq bizni kech qolishga majbur qildi.
force + odam + to + V1 (TO BILAN):  The boss forced us to stay.  — Boshliq bizni qolishga majbur qildi.

make — to'siz (made us stay); force — to bilan (forced us to stay). force odatda kuchliroq/qattiqroq bosimni bildiradi (jismoniy yoki og'ir sharoit). O'zbekchada ikkalasi ham "-ga majbur qildi" bo'lib tarjima qilinadi — shuning uchun o'zbeklar make dan keyin ham to qo'shib xato qilishadi. Esda tuting: make — to'siz, force/allow — to bilan.

3.2. make + odam/narsa + sifat — "…qilmoq" (his/holat)

make + obj + sifat = "…holatga keltirmoq":

This song makes me happy.               — Bu qo'shiq meni xursand qiladi.
The news made everyone sad.              — Yangilik hammani xafa qildi.
Coffee makes me nervous.                 — Kofe meni asabiy qiladi.

make + odam + sifat (happy, sad, tired) — "shu holatga keltirdi".

3.3. let + odam + V1 — ruxsat bermoq (to YO'Q!)

let + odam + bare infinitive = "ruxsat bermoq, qo'ymoq":

My parents let me stay out late.        — Ota-onam menga kech qolishga ruxsat berishadi.
Let me help you.                          — Sizga yordam beray.
They didn't let us in.                    — Ular bizni kiritishmadi.
Let it go.                                — Qo'yib yuboring (unutib yuboring).

to YO'Q: let + odam + V1. "let me to go" () "let me go" ().

3.4. be allowed to + V1 — ruxsat etilgan (to BOR!)

be allowed to + V1 = "ruxsat etilgan" (rasmiy, qoida — to bor):

We're allowed to use our phones at break.   — Tanaffusda telefon ishlatishga ruxsatimiz bor.
You're not allowed to smoke here.            — Bu yerda chekishga ruxsat berilmaydi.
Are we allowed to take photos?               — Rasm olishga ruxsat bormi?
Children aren't allowed in without an adult.  — Bolalar kattalarsiz kiritilmaydi.

Tuzilma: be allowed to + V1 (to bilan!). Bu — let ning rasmiy/passive muqobili. "let us go" ≈ "we're allowed to go".

O'zbekcha bilan bog'lash — "majbur qildi / ruxsat berdi": o'zbekchada bu ma'nolar bir xil qolipda ("-ga" + fe'l) ifodalanadi, lekin inglizchada tuzilma har xil:

• "meni ishlashga majbur qildi" = made me work (to'siz) yoki forced me to work (to bilan).
• "menga ketishga ruxsat berdi" = let me go (to'siz) yoki allowed me to go (to bilan).
• "bu yerda chekish mumkin emas / ruxsat etilmagan" (qoida) = not allowed to smoke (to bilan).

O'zbekchada har doim "-ga" (jo'nalish qo'shimchasi) bor: "ishlashga", "ketishga". Shuning uchun ko'p o'quvchi inglizchada ham to qo'shib yuboradi: make me to work (). Ammo make/let dan keyin to YO'Q — bu qo'shimchani o'zbekchadan ko'chirib bo'lmaydi.

3.5. let vs allow — farq

let + odam + V1 (to'siz, norasmiy):       They let me go.
allow + odam + to + V1 (to bilan, rasmiy): They allowed me to go.
be allowed to + V1 (passive, rasmiy):      I was allowed to go.

let — norasmiy, to'siz; allow — rasmiyroq, to bilan. Ma'no bir xil (ruxsat).

help + (to) + V1 — "yordam bermoq" (to — IXTIYORIY): help dan keyin to qo'shsa ham, qo'shmasa ham to'g'ri:

text

She helped me carry the bags.      — U menga sumkalarni ko'tarishga yordam berdi.
She helped me to carry the bags.   — (aynan bir xil ma'no — to bilan ham to'g'ri)
Can you help me find it?           — Uni topishga yordam bera olasizmi?

Ikkala shakl ham to'g'ri, lekin so'zlashuvda ko'proq to'siz shakl ishlatiladi (help me carry). Shu bois help — make/let (doim to'siz) bilan bir oilada, faqat unda to ixtiyoriy.

3.6. Passive — be made to (to QAYTADI!)

make passive bo'lganda to qaytadi:

Active:  They made me wait.        (to'siz)
Passive: I was made to wait.        (TO BILAN!)

We were made to apologize.         — Bizni kechirim so'rashga majbur qilishdi.
He was made to leave.               — Uni ketishga majbur qilishdi.

Diqqat: active make — to'siz (made me wait); passive be made — to bilan (was made to wait). (let passive'da kam ishlatiladi — o'rniga be allowed to.)

3.7. have/get something done + get somebody to do (causative — kirish)

have + odam + V1: I had the mechanic fix my car. (mexanikga tuzattirdim)
get + odam + to + V1: I got him to help me. (uni yordamga ko'ndurdim)
have + narsa + V3: I had my car repaired. (mashinamni tuzattirdim — B2 da to'liq)

Bu — "causative" (boshqa birovga qildirish) — B2 da chuqurroq. Hozir tanishib qo'ying.

3.8. "to bormi?" — hammasini bir jadvalda ko'ring

Bu darsning butun mohiyati bitta savolda: fe'ldan keyin to bormi yoki yo'qmi? Quyidagi jadval — asosiy ma'lumotnoma:

Yodda tuting: faqat make va let (aktiv) — to'siz. Qolganlarning hammasi (allow, force, be allowed to, passive be made) — to bilan. help — o'rtada (ixtiyoriy).

Mini-mashq (to bormi?): bo'sh joyga to qo'ying yoki chiziqcha (—) qoldiring:

text

1. They made us ___ wait.        4. She helped me ___ move.
2. I was made ___ apologize.     5. We're allowed ___ leave early.
3. Let me ___ see.               6. He forced me ___ sign it.

Javob: 1. — · 2. to · 3. — · 4. (to) — ikkalasi ham to'g'ri · 5. to · 6. to. (Faqat make/let to'siz; qolganlari to bilan.)

4. Misollar (fe'l bo'yicha)

make (majbur): They make us wear uniforms. / Stress makes me eat more.
make (sifat): You make me happy. / It made me angry.
let (ruxsat): Let me think. / My boss lets me work from home.
be allowed to: Are we allowed to leave early? / I'm not allowed to drive yet.
passive: I was made to redo it. / Visitors are not allowed to enter.
force (to bilan): They forced us to sign. / Don't force me to choose.
help (to ixtiyoriy): She helped me (to) move. / Help me carry this.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

make me  "meyk-mi"   let me  "let-mi" / "lemmi"
made to  "meyd-tə"   allowed to  "əlaud-tə"
"makes me work"  "meyks-mi-wö:k"   "let me go"  "lemmi-gou"

Native siri: let me "lemmi" (tez nutqda). make me "meyk-mi". allowed to "əlaud-tə" (to zaif). Bare infinitive — fe'l to'g'ridan-to'g'ri (to'siz).

Topshiriq (shadowing): "Make me work. Let me go. We're allowed to stay. I was made to wait." iboralarini ovoz chiqarib, ohangiga taqlid qilib bir necha marta ayting. Diqqatni make me / let me / allowed to birikmalaridagi bare infinitive (to'siz fe'l) va zaif to ga qarating.

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• Let me know. — "Xabar bering."
• Let me see. — "Qani ko'ray-chi."
• Don't make me… — "Meni …ga majbur qilmang."
• It makes sense. — "Mantiqli."
• Let it go / Let it be. — "Qo'yib yuboring."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — ish qoidalari (make/let/allowed):

A: How's the new job? Do they let you work from home? — Yangi ish qanday? Uydan ishlashga ruxsat berishadimi?
B: Sometimes. But they make us come in on Mondays. — Ba'zan. Lekin dushanbalari kelishimizga majbur qilishadi.
A: Fair enough. Are you allowed to choose your hours? — Adolatli. Soatlaringizni tanlashga ruxsatingiz bormi?
B: Mostly, yes. They let me start late if I finish my tasks. — Asosan, ha. Vazifalarimni bajarsam, kech boshlashga ruxsat berishadi.
A: That's flexible. My old boss used to make me ask for everything. — Bu — moslashuvchan. Eski boshlig'im meni har narsa uchun so'rashga majbur qilardi.
B: That sounds stressful. Here, they don't make us feel watched. — Bu — asabiy. Bu yerda bizni kuzatilayotgandek his qildirishmaydi.
A: Lucky you. Do they at least let you take long lunches? — Omadingiz. Hech bo'lmasa uzoq tushlik qilishga ruxsat berishadimi?
B: Ha — within reason. They trust us, which makes everyone work harder. — Ha — me'yorida. Ular bizga ishonishadi, bu hammani ko'proq ishlashga undaydi.

O'qish matni — "Rules that make sense" (qoidalar — make/let/allowed):

The best rules are the ones that let people do their best work. — Eng yaxshi qoidalar — odamlarga eng yaxshi ishlarini qilishga imkon beradiganlari.
Bad rules make everyone feel like children. — Yomon qoidalar hammani bolalardek his qildiradi.
At my workplace, we're allowed to organize our own time. — Ish joyimda, o'z vaqtimizni tashkil qilishga ruxsatimiz bor.
Nobody makes us sit at a desk for eight hours straight. — Hech kim bizni sakkiz soat to'xtovsiz stol oldida o'tirishga majbur qilmaydi.
They let us take breaks whenever we need them. — Qachon kerak bo'lsa, tanaffus qilishimizga ruxsat berishadi.
This freedom makes people more responsible, not less. — Bu erkinlik odamlarni kamroq emas, ko'proq mas'uliyatli qiladi.
When you treat adults like adults, you allow them to do great things. — Kattalarga kattalardek munosabatda bo'lsangiz, ularga ajoyib ishlar qilishga imkon berasiz.

Topshiriq: matnda make + V1, let + V1, be allowed to ni ajrating; har birida to bor-yo'qligini tekshiring. So'ng o'z ish/maktab/oila qoidalaringiz haqida 6 gap yozing (They make/let me…, We're allowed to…).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• make/let + to: make me to work / let me to go. make me work / let me go. (make/let + V1 — to'siz!). Eng ko'p xato.

• be allowed — to tushirib: We're allowed use phones. We're allowed to use phones. (be allowed to — to bilan!).

• Passive make — to tushirib: I was made wait. I was made to wait. (passive make to qaytadi).

• let passive: I was let to go. I was allowed to go. (let passive'da emas be allowed to).

• make + sifatda -ly: It makes me happily. It makes me happy. (make + sifat, ravish emas).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. make, let yoki be allowed to?

1. My boss ___ me work late. (majbur)
2. They ___ me leave early. (ruxsat berishadi)
3. We aren't ___ to park here. (ruxsat yo'q)
4. This film ___ me cry. (sabab)

Mashq 2. to qo'shing yoki qo'shmang:

1. They made me ___ wait. (to / —)
2. Let me ___ help you. (to / —)
3. We're allowed ___ use phones. (to / —)
4. I was made ___ apologize. (to / —)

Mashq 3. make (V1 yoki sifat)?

1. The news made me ___ (sad / sadly).
2. He made me ___ (wait / to wait).
3. You make me ___ (happy).

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: My boss makes me to work., Let me to go., We're allowed use phones., I was made wait., It makes me happily.

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. Boshlig'im meni kech ishlashga majbur qiladi. = ___
2. Ular menga erta ketishga ruxsat berishadi. = ___
3. Bu yerda telefon ishlatishga ruxsat berilmaydi. = ___
4. Bu meni xursand qiladi. = ___
5. Bizni kutishga majbur qilishdi. (passive) = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — make/let/allowed:

"My boss forces me to come early."  "My boss makes me come early."
"My parents permit me to go out."  "My parents let me ___ ."
"Smoking is permitted here."  "You're allowed to ___ ."

Drill B — make + sifat (his):

"___ makes me happy." "___ makes me nervous." "___ made me angry."

Drill C — o'z qoidalaringiz:

"At work/school, they make us ___ ." "They let us ___ ." "We're (not) allowed to ___ ."

Model javoblar (Drill B): Music makes me happy. Exams make me nervous. The traffic made me angry. So'ng o'z hayotingizdan 5 gap (make/let/allowed) tuzib, ovoz chiqarib ayting va har birida to bor-yo'qligini o'zingiz tekshiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. makes · 2. let · 3. allowed · 4. makes. Mashq 2: 1. — (wait) · 2. — (help) · 3. to · 4. to. Mashq 3: 1. sad · 2. wait · 3. happy. Mashq 4: My boss makes me work. / Let me go. / We're allowed to use phones. / I was made to wait. / It makes me happy. Mashq 5: 1. My boss makes me work late. · 2. They let me leave early. · 3. We aren't allowed to use phones here (You're not allowed to...). · 4. This makes me happy. · 5. We were made to wait.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

make + odam + V1 (TO'SIZ!) = majburlamoq: My boss makes me work.
make + odam + sifat = …holatga: It makes me happy.
let + odam + V1 (TO'SIZ!) = ruxsat bermoq: Let me go.
be allowed to + V1 (TO BILAN!) = ruxsat etilgan: We're allowed to stay.
allow + odam + to + V1 = ruxsat bermoq (rasmiy)
PASSIVE: be made TO + V1 (to qaytadi!): I was made to wait.
let passive YO'Q  be allowed to
 make/let — to'siz; allowed/made(passive) — to bilan

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. make/let + odam + V1 — to'siz (bare infinitive).
2. make + odam + sifat — his/holat.
3. be allowed to + V1 — to bilan (ruxsat).
4. Passive be made to (to qaytadi).
5. let passive'da emas be allowed to.

Bog'lanish: make/let/allowed — majburlash va ruxsat tilining asosi. Endi B1 grammatikasining oxirgi qismiga — taqqoslash va kvantifikatorlar reviewga o'tamiz. Keyingi dars comparatives/superlatives review + as…as + the more…the more — daraja va taqqoslashni kengaytiradi.

Keyingi dars — B1 — 28-dars: Comparatives/superlatives review + (not) as...as + the more...the more. "…dek (as tall as), …roq (much bigger), qancha…shuncha (the more…the better)" — taqqoslashning ilg'or shakllari.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (make/let Unit 55; allowed to Unit 34); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (make, let, allow; causative); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "'make', 'let', 'allow'".