B1 — 8-dars: Past Perfect Continuous (I had been doing)

B1 — O'RTA · 8-dars

1. Dars nomi, maqsad va motivatsiya

Bu darsda perfect zamonlar oilasining oxirgi a'zosini o'rganasiz: Past Perfect Continuous (had been + V-ing). U o'tmishdagi biror nuqtagacha davom etgan harakatni (qancha vaqt davom etgani) yoki o'sha nuqtada ko'rinib turgan natija/izini ko'rsatadi.

I was tired because I'd been working all day. (Charchagan edim, chunki kun bo'yi ishlagan edim.) When she arrived, I'd been waiting for an hour. (U yetib kelganda, men bir soatdan beri kutayotgandim.) The ground was wet — it'd been raining. (Yer ho'l edi — yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi.)

Real hayotda nega kerak:

• Hikoya/izoh: o'tmishdagi holatlarning sababini davomli harakat bilan ko'rsatish — "He was out of breath because he had been running."
• Davomiylik (o'tmishda): "By 2020, I had been working there for five years."
• Bu — B1-6 (Present Perfect Continuous) ning o'tmish varianti: have been doing had been doing.

Asosiy tushuncha — o'tmishdagi "davomli orqa fon": Past Perfect Continuous o'tmishdagi biror nuqtaga (Past Simple voqeasiga) qadar davom etib kelgan harakatni ko'rsatadi — uning davomiyligi yoki iziga urg'u. Past Perfect (oddiy) — tugallangan ish (had finished); Past Perfect Continuous — davom etib kelgan jarayon (had been working).

text

[had been working ........]  [she arrived]  o'tmishdagi keyingi voqea
 (davomli orqa fon)            (Past Simple nuqta)

O'xshatish: B1-7 (Past Perfect) — "yertoladagi tugal quti" (had eaten — yeb bo'lgan). Past Perfect Continuous — "yertoladagi hali ishlab turgan dvigatel" (had been eating — yeb o'tirgan, jarayonda). Biri natija, ikkinchisi davom.

2. Avvalgi darslardan takror (spiral)

• B1-6 (Present Perfect Continuous): have been + V-ing. Bugun — o'tmish: had been + V-ing.
• B1-7 (Past Perfect): had + V3 (tugal). Bugun — had been + V-ing (davom).
• A2-6 (Past Continuous): was/were + V-ing. Bugun — perfect varianti.
• Tez mashq: V-ing: wait ?, run ?, work ?, rain ? (waiting, running, working, raining).

3. Grammatika — chuqur, to'liq tushuntirish

3.1. Tuzilma — had been + V-ing (hamma shaxsda bir xil)

EGA + had been + V-ing  (I, you, he, she, we, they — hammasi HAD BEEN)

Inkor / savol:

Inkor:  hadn't been + V-ing  I hadn't been sleeping well.
Savol:  Had + ega + been + V-ing?  Had you been waiting long?  Yes, I had.
        How long had you been waiting?

Qisqartma: 'd been (I'd been, she'd been, they'd been). had zaif "həd".

3.2. 1-MA'NO: o'tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan harakat (for/since)

O'tmishdagi biror nuqtaga (Past Simple) qadar qancha vaqt davom etgani:

When she arrived, I had been waiting for an hour. — U kelganda, bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim.
By 2020, I had been living there for five years.   — 2020 ga kelib, u yerda besh yildan beri yashab kelayotgan edim.
He was annoyed because he had been queuing for ages. — U asabiy edi, chunki uzoq vaqtdan beri navbatda turgan edi.

for va since bilan: davomiylikni ko'rsatganda ikkalasi ham keladi. for — qancha vaqt (davr uzunligi): had been waiting for an hour (bir soat), had been living there for five years (besh yil). since — qachondan beri (o'tmishdagi, undan ham oldingi boshlanish nuqtasi): had been working since 7 a.m. (ertalab 7 dan beri), had been studying since morning (tongdan beri). Diqqat: B1-6 dagi have been ...ing since 9 hozirgacha; bu yerda had been ...ing since 9 o'tmishdagi bir nuqtagacha.

Past Perfect Continuous vs Past Perfect: "When she arrived, I had been waiting for an hour" (davomiylik — bir soat kutyaptim) vs "When she arrived, I had already eaten" (tugal — yeb bo'lgandim). Continuous — davom; simple — natija.

3.3. 2-MA'NO: o'tmishdagi natija/iz (sabab)

O'tmishdagi holatning sababini davomli harakat bilan ko'rsatish:

I was tired because I had been working all day.   — Charchagan edim, chunki kun bo'yi ishlab kelgan edim.
The ground was wet because it had been raining.    — Yer ho'l edi, chunki yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi.
Her eyes were red. She had been crying.             — Ko'zlari qizil edi. U yig'lab o'tirgan edi.
They were covered in mud — they had been playing football. — Loyga belangan edilar — futbol o'ynab yurishgandi.

Asosiy g'oya: o'tmishdagi bir nuqtada (was tired, was wet) belgi/iz bor edi, chunki undan oldin harakat davom etib kelayotgan edi. B1-6 dagi "I'm tired — I've been running" ning o'tmish varianti.

Ko'rinadigan iz — yana misollar: natija o'tmishda ko'z bilan ko'rinib turadi, sababi esa undan oldin davom etib kelgan harakat:

text

His clothes were wet — he had been walking in the rain.      — Kiyimi ho'l edi — yomg'irda yurgan edi.
The kitchen smelled great; she had been baking all afternoon. — Oshxonadan yoqimli hid kelardi; u tushdan keyin non yopgan edi.
His hands were dirty because he had been fixing the car.      — Qo'llari kir edi, chunki mashinani tuzatayotgan edi.

3.4. Continuous vs Simple (Past Perfect) — yonma-yon

DAVOM:  By midnight, I had been studying for six hours. (olti soat — davomiylik)
NATIJA: By midnight, I had studied three chapters. (uch bob — natija)

Bir fe'l, ikki xabar: "By 10 p.m. she had been reading." = o'qish jarayoni davom etib kelgan (necha soat o'qigani muhim). "By 10 p.m. she had read the book." = kitobni tugatgan (natija — o'qib bo'lgan). Bir xil fe'l, lekin had been reading = davom/jarayon, had read = tugallangan natija.

3.5. Stative fe'llar — CONTINUOUS'DA EMAS (B1-6 takror)

 I had known her for years before we married.    I had been knowing her...
 He had had the car for a year.                    He had been having...

know, have(ega), be, like, want, believe — holat Continuous'da emas Past Perfect simple.

3.6. Uchta "o'tmish davomiyligi"ni farqlash

Past Continuous (A2-6):        I was working when she called.
  — o'sha PAYTDA jarayonda (kelgan paytda ishlayotgan edim)
Present Perfect Continuous (B1-6): I have been working since 9.
  — HOZIRGACHA davom (9 dan beri, hali ham)
Past Perfect Continuous (bugun):   I had been working for hours when she called.
  — o'tmishdagi NUQTAGACHA davom (kelgungacha soatlab ishlagan edim)

Hikoyada (Narrative tenses — keyingi 08b-dars): Past Perfect Continuous hikoyada davomli orqa fonni beradi — asosiy voqea (Past Simple) yuz berishidan oldin qancha vaqt davom etib kelgan harakat: "She had been walking for hours when she finally saw the village." Solishtiring: had walked (had + V3) — tugal oldingi voqea; had been walking — davom etib kelgan orqa fon. 08b-darsda bu to'rt o'tmish zamonini (Past Simple + Past Continuous + Past Perfect + Past Perfect Continuous) bitta hikoyada birlashtiramiz.

4. Misollar (ikki ma'no)

DAVOMIYLIK (o'tmishda):

By the time he retired, he had been teaching for 40 years. — Nafaqaga chiqquncha, 40 yil dars bergan edi.
We had been driving for hours before we found a hotel.      — Mehmonxona topmasdan oldin soatlab haydaganmiz.

NATIJA/IZ:

She was out of breath because she had been running.        — Nafasi qisilgan edi, chunki yugurgan edi.
The students looked tired — they had been studying all night. — Talabalar charchaganga o'xshardi — tun bo'yi o'qigan edilar.
My hands hurt because I had been typing for hours.          — Qo'llarim og'rirdi, chunki soatlab yozgan edim.

Mini-mashq (tez tekshiruv) — Continuous (davom) yoki simple (natija)?

1. When the teacher walked in, the students ___ (talk) for ten minutes.  (davom)
2. By lunchtime she ___ (write) five reports.                            (natija)
3. He was exhausted; he ___ (drive) since dawn.                          (iz/davom)
4. Before we married, I ___ (know) her for years.                        (holat fe'l!)

Javoblar: 1. had been talking · 2. had written · 3. had been driving · 4. had known.

5. Talaffuz bo'limi

had been /həd bɪn/ "həd-bin"   'd been /d bɪn/ "d-bin"
"I'd been working"  "ayd-bin-wö:kiŋ"
"How long had you been waiting?"  "hau-loŋ-həd-yu-bin-weytiŋ"
hadn't been /ˈhædnt bɪn/ "hednt-bin"

Native siri: had been "(h)əd-bin", tez nutqda 'd been "d-bin": "They'd been waiting" "ðeyd-bin-weytiŋ". been doim zaif "bin".

Topshiriq (shadowing): "I'd been working all day. They had been waiting for an hour. It had been raining." ni ayting; 'd been = "d-bin". Youglish: "had been waiting".

6. So'z boyligi (Anki)

Tayyor iboralar (chunks):

• I'd been meaning to… — "…qilmoqchi bo'lib yurgan edim."
• …because I had been …ing — "…chunki … yurgan edim" (sabab).
• By the time …, I had been …ing for … — davomiylik.
• out of breath / worn out — "nafasi qisilgan / holdan toygan."

7. O'qish matni va dialog (input)

Dialog — kechikish sababi (Past Perfect Continuous):

A: You look exhausted. What happened?              — Holdan toyganga o'xshaysan. Nima bo'ldi?
B: I finally got home at 10. I'd been working since 7 in the morning. — Nihoyat soat 10 da uyga yetdim. Ertalab 7 dan beri ishlayotgandim.
A: Fifteen hours? Why so long?                       — O'n besh soatmi? Nega bunchalik uzoq?
B: We'd been preparing for a big launch, and there were problems. — Katta ishga tushirishga tayyorlanayotgandik va muammolar chiqdi.
A: Had you eaten anything?                            — Biror narsa yegandingmi?
B: No! By the time I left, I hadn't eaten for hours and I had a headache. — Yo'q! Ketgunimcha soatlab yemagandim va boshim og'riyotgandi.
A: You really need to rest. You've been pushing yourself too hard. — Rostdan dam olishing kerak. O'zingni juda qiynayapsan.
B: I know. I'd been ignoring how tired I was until today. — Bilaman. Bugungacha qanchalik charchaganimni e'tiborsiz qoldirib kelgandim.

O'qish matni — "When they finally arrived" (hikoya, o'tmish zamonlar):

By the time the guests finally arrived, we had been waiting for nearly two hours. — Mehmonlar nihoyat yetib kelganda, biz qariyb ikki soat kutgandik.
We had cooked a huge dinner, but everything had gone cold. — Katta tushlik tayyorlagandik, lekin hammasi sovib qolgandi.
The children had been playing in the garden, and they were covered in mud. — Bolalar bog'da o'ynayotgandi va loyga belangandi.
My mother had been cleaning all morning, so the house looked perfect. — Onam butun tong tozalagandi, shuning uchun uy a'lo ko'rinardi.
When the doorbell finally rang, everyone jumped up. — Eshik qo'ng'irog'i nihoyat chalinganda, hamma sakrab turdi.
The guests apologized: their car had broken down, and they had been waiting for a taxi. — Mehmonlar uzr so'rashdi: mashinasi buzilgan va taksi kutayotgan ekan.
We laughed, sat down, and started again — and the cold dinner suddenly tasted fine! — Kuldik, o'tirdik va qaytadan boshladik — sovigan tushlik birdan mazali tuyuldi!

Topshiriq: matnda had been + -ing (davom) va had + V3 (tugal) shakllarini ajrating; har biri davommi yoki natijami? So'ng kutib charchagan paytingiz haqida 6 gap yozing (I had been …ing ishlatib).

8. O'zbekcha-inglizcha tipik xatolar

• Davomiylikka Past Perfect simple: When she came, I had waited for an hour (davomiylik ma'noda). …I had been waiting for an hour. (davom continuous).

• Stative fe'l + continuous: I had been knowing him for years. I had known him for years. (holat simple).

• been tushirib qoldirish: I'd working all day. / I had working. I'd been working all day. (had + been + V-ing).

• Past Continuous bilan aralash (nuqtagacha davom ma'noda): I was waiting for an hour when she came (davomiylik + oldinlik). I had been waiting for an hour when she came. (o'tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom).

• had been + V3 (V-ing o'rniga): I had been worked. I had been working. (had been + V-ing).

9. Mashqlar

Mashq 1. Past Perfect Continuous tuzing:

1. When she arrived, I ___ (wait) for an hour.
2. He was tired because he ___ (work) all day.
3. The ground was wet — it ___ (rain).
4. By 2020, they ___ (live) there for ten years.
5. ___ you ___ (study) long before the exam started?

Mashq 2. Continuous yoki Simple (Past Perfect)?

1. By midnight, I ___ (study) for six hours. (davomiylik)
2. By midnight, I ___ (finish) three chapters. (natija)
3. She was upset because she ___ (fail) the test. (tugal)
4. He was sweating because he ___ (run). (iz)
5. I ___ (know) her for years before we married. (holat fe'l!)

Mashq 3. Sababni Past Perfect Continuous bilan ayting:

1. She was out of breath. (run)  "She had been ___ ."
2. His eyes were red. (cry)  ___
3. They were covered in paint. (decorate)  ___

Mashq 4. Xatoni to'g'rilang: When she came, I had waited for an hour., I had been knowing him for years., I'd working all day., He had been worked., She was tired because she has been working. (o'tmish kontekst)

Mashq 5. O'zbekchadan inglizchaga:

1. U kelganda, bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edim. = ___
2. Charchagan edim, chunki kun bo'yi ishlagan edim. = ___
3. Yer ho'l edi — yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi. = ___
4. 2020 ga kelib, u yerda 5 yil yashagan edim. = ___
5. Ko'zlari qizil edi — yig'lagan edi. = ___

10. Production drill + model javoblar

Drill A — sabab/iz (had been + -ing):

(tired / work all day)  "I was tired because I had been working all day."
(wet ground / rain)  ___
(out of breath / run)  ___

Drill B — davomiylik (o'tmishda):

"When …, I had been …ing for … ." (×2)
"By the time …, I had been …ing for … ."

Drill C — Continuous yoki Simple:

(davom: study / 6 hours)  had been studying
(natija: write / 3 emails)  had written
(holat: know / her / years)  had known

Model javoblar (Drill A): The ground was wet because it had been raining. He was out of breath because he had been running. So'ng o'tmishdagi charchoq/iz haqida 4 gap (had been …ing) tuzing va yuqoridagi model javoblar bilan solishtirib, o'zingizni tekshiring.

11. Javoblar kaliti

Mashq 1: 1. had been waiting · 2. had been working · 3. had been raining · 4. had been living · 5. Had ... been studying. Mashq 2: 1. had been studying · 2. had finished · 3. had failed · 4. had been running · 5. had known. Mashq 3: 1. running · 2. He had been crying. · 3. They had been decorating. Mashq 4: When she came, I had been waiting for an hour. / I had known him for years. / I'd been working all day. / He had been working. / She was tired because she had been working. Mashq 5: 1. When she arrived, I had been waiting for an hour. · 2. I was tired because I had been working all day. · 3. The ground was wet — it had been raining. · 4. By 2020, I had been living there for five years. · 5. Her eyes were red — she had been crying.

12. Xulosa va keyingi dars

Tez ma'lumotnoma:

Past Perfect Continuous = had been + V-ing (hamma shaxsda HAD BEEN)
  1) o'tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom: When she came, I'd been waiting for an hour
  2) o'tmishdagi natija/iz: I was tired because I'd been working
   Continuous (davom/jarayon/iz) vs Simple (had done — natija/tugal)
   stative (know/have/be)  continuous'da EMAS  had + V3
  been tushib qolmasin: had + BEEN + V-ing
  Uchta davomiylik: was working (A2-6) | have been working (B1-6) | had been working (bugun)

Asosiy nuqtalar:

1. had been + V-ing — o'tmishdagi nuqtagacha davom etgan harakat.
2. Ikki ma'no: davomiylik (for an hour) va natija/iz (sabab).
3. Continuous (davom) vs simple (had done — natija).
4. Stative fe'llar continuous'da emas.
5. was working / have been working / had been working — uch xil davomiylik.

Bog'lanish: endi siz barcha o'tg'an va perfect zamonlarni bilasiz: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Present Perfect (+Continuous), Past Perfect (+Continuous). Keyingi dars — MAXSUS: Narrative tenses — bularning hammasini bitta hikoyada birga ishlatishni o'rgatadi (hikoya aytishning native usuli). Bu — o'tg'an zamonlar blokining yakuni.

Keyingi dars — B1 — MAXSUS dars: Narrative tenses (hikoya zamonlari). Past Simple (asosiy voqealar) + Past Continuous (orqa fon) + Past Perfect (oldingi voqea) + Past Perfect Continuous (davomli orqa fon) — hammasini real hikoyada birga ishlatamiz.

Keyingi dars — Narrative tenses: bu darsda o'rgangan had been ...ing "davomli orqa fon"ini Past Simple, Past Continuous va Past Perfect bilan bitta hikoyada birga ishlatamiz.

Manba

R. Murphy, "English Grammar in Use" (Past Perfect Continuous, Unit 16); Swan, "Practical English Usage" (past perfect progressive); Cambridge Dictionary; British Council LearnEnglish — "Past perfect continuous".